scholarly journals The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in Central European Education Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Marta Bobiatyńska
Keyword(s):  
International Baccalaureate ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Education ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
International Baccalaureate Diploma

Abstract The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme has been introduced in the Central and Eastern European countries since the beginning of the 1990s. Developed in the 1960s by the International Baccalaureate Organisation in Geneva, it became since then an important part of the world educational system. The number of schools authorised by the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) to offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) has increased considerably. This paper aims to present the history of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in nine countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia).

Convergence of real economy in central and eastern european countries on european union

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Růžena Vintrová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Comparison ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

This paper compares the principal macroeconomic characteristics of the Central European Five (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia), which make up the CEFTA countries without the new member Romania and are referred to as the CEEC-5. Their macroeconomic characteristics can now be compared to the existing European Union members, referred to as the EU-15, thanks to the European Comparison Programmes and the harmonization of statistical methodology with EU countries. This helps to reveal the risks that may be expected when these countries join the EU, in terms of possible undesirable price shocks and weakened competitiveness. The conclusion is that harmonization of familiar macroeconomic criteria (type of the Maastricht's) cannot be separated from harmonization of real economic levels end therefore should not be seen as a rapid process that will follow the same course in every country. This is very clear even in one of the most familiar of all macroeconomic policy issues, the possible trade-off between inflation end growth.

The integration of central European countries into the western European economy from 1988 to 1998

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
F. Festoc-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Third ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

In 1998, the European Union (EU) entered into negotiations with Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia concerning the enlargement of the Union. At the end of 1999, the European Commission decided that six other countries could join the negotiations in 2000 (Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia, Malta and Romania), and it was suggested that a decision concerning the date of membership would be taken in 2002 for these applicants fulfilling all the criteria. Many questions still remain on both sides, in particular regarding institutional reform of the EU (Festoc, 1998), and the ability of the Central and Eastern European countries to adopt the “acquis”. In this article, we shall evaluate the ways in which the Central European countries (Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic — the CECs) have already integrated to the Western European economy, using trade data over the last ten years. First, we show that since the beginning of the transition, a feature of the foreign trade of the CECs has been a strong reorientation from East to West, in particular to Germany, together with a rapid growth in trade between the EU and the CECs. Second, we describe the trade structure, focussed on foreign direct investment as a mean of developing new exports. The third and fourth sections study the development of the specialisations of the CECs and the nature of trade between the CECs and the EU respectively.

scholarly journals Military Expenditures and Shadow Economy in the Central and Eastern Europe: is There a Link?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (52) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Fedotenkov ◽  
Friedrich Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract The main goal of our paper is to determine the existence of a link between government (military) expenditures and the shadow economy in the Central and Eastern European countries, which are the members of the European Union. The empirical investigation is conducted for the years 2003–2015. We show that there is a high statistically significant positive dependence between the size of the shadow economy and military expenditures in the Baltic States. Our conclusion is that higher military expenditures indeed lead to a larger shadow economy and this result is robust to different model specifications. In order to demonstrate the importance of our results, we undertook a simulation, where we calculated how much the size of the shadow economy would increase if the size of military expenditure as a percentage of GDP were to double. For example, in the Czech Republic, such an expansion would have led to an increase in the size of the shadow economy from 11.50% to 12.96%, and in Estonia, from 18.34% to 22.72% in 2012.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

scholarly journals History of sports medicine in east European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Biljana Lazovic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Marina Djelic ◽  
Jelena Suzic-Lazic ◽  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
East European ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The purpose of this article is to provide a historical background of medicine, science and sports with the focus on the development of modern sports medicine in European countries, with an accent on Eastern European countries that have a long sports medicine tradition. The development of modern sports medicine began at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, and it has been associated with social and cultural changes in the world of medicine, science and sports. Advanced medical knowledge, skills and practices, and the progress of scientific achievements enabled sports people to improve their performance level. Increased popularisation and commercialisation of sports have resulted from urbanization and city lifestyle, leading to the lack of physical activity and increased psychological pressure. In addition, the growing need and interest in sports and successes in professional sports have become a symbol of international recognition and prestige for the nations.

A Mistrustful Society?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Nicole Horáková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The level of trust in politicians also in government institutions is taken as an indicator of the state of society in general. Various studies have shown that the population of the Central Eastern European countries, and especially the citizens of the Czech Republic, lack trust in state institutions and democratic structures. The trust of the Czech population in government institutions is, compared to other (Western) European countries, at a relatively low level. This article aims to discuss different factors that are currently influencing this lack of trust: the historical, cultural, and institutional. The empirical data for this article is based on the European Values Study and Czech surveys of public opinion concerning trust in government institutions.

scholarly journals Inclusive Growth in CEE Countries as a Determinant of Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Development Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Pursuant to the concept of inclusive growth, the authors analyze the transition economies of Central and Eastern European countries, which have become EU members (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). CEE countries characterized by comparable historic and economic backgrounds now seem to reach diversified stages of development. The objective of the study is to identify the level of inclusive growth among CEE countries by taking into account indicators assigned to its seven pillars. The article’s thesis is that CEE countries represent social and economic heterogeneity as well as varied levels of sustainable development. Research methods included the application of the principal components analysis and the multivariate analysis. For a literature review, the bibliometric analysis was conducted with the visualization prepared by the VOSviewer software. The main findings suggest that Estonia, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic seem to exhibit the highest level of inclusive growth while Bulgaria and Romania represent the lowest level of indicators measured.

Survey of otolaryngology services in Ukraine and neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Verkerk ◽  
R Wagner ◽  
R Fishchuk ◽  
J J Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjective:The present humanitarian crisis in Ukraine is putting strains on its healthcare system. This study aimed to assess services and training in otolaryngology, audiology and speech therapy in Ukraine and its geographical neighbours.Method:Survey study of 327 otolaryngologists from 19 countries.Results:Fifty-six otolaryngologists (17 per cent) from 15 countries responded. Numbers of otolaryngologists varied from 3.6 to 12.3 per 100 000 population (Ukraine = 7.8). Numbers of audiologists varied from 0, in Ukraine, to 2.8 per 100 000, in Slovakia, and numbers of speech therapists varied from 0, in Bulgaria, to 4.0 per 100 000, in Slovenia (Ukraine = 0.1). Ukraine lacks newborn and school hearing screening, good availability of otological drills and microscopes, and a cochlear implant programme.Conclusion:There is wide variation in otolaryngology services in Central and Eastern Europe. All countries surveyed had more otolaryngologists per capita than the UK, but availability of audiology and speech and language therapy is poor. Further research on otolaryngology health outcomes in the region will guide service improvement.

scholarly journals Polish-Russian Economic Relations Under the Conditions of System Transformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Paweł Bożyk
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The rapid economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, modelled on Western economies and based, in some aspects, on neoliberal principles, Has found the region’s countries to a bigger (Eastern European countries) or lesser (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary) degree unprepared. The resulting economic recession, especially in Russia, has had an adverse effect on mutual trade between Poland and Russia. In order to improve economic relations with Russia and increase the trade volume, Poland, remaining within the bounds of EU standards and regulations, needs to adapt the commodity structure of Polish exports to the needs of the Russian market.

scholarly journals Learning Never Ends... Spaces of Adult Education: Central and Eastern European Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Open Education ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Commitment

This monograph is a collection of texts written by researchers, practitioners and theoreticians of adult education from Central and Eastern Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia). Its focus is on areas of contemporary adult education. The key issue is informal-learning space, where we can see the shift towards positive valuation of the ideas of localism and social commitment and to learning through (auto)reflection shaped by currents of information and individual experience. Another significant matter is the non-formal area of education, where intensive changes are taking place. The activities of associations and foundations, the dissemination of knowledge, work within open-education institutions, the non-governmental educational institution sector, citizenship – all are important areas of research, comparison and analysis that can be used to increase andragogical knowledge.

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