scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Biodegradable film for Co2 Capture Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
J. Serafin ◽  
A.K. Antosik ◽  
K. Wilpiszewska ◽  
Z. Czech
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract In this work for the fi rst time, activated carbons were prepared from carboxymethyl fi lm (low-cost carboxymethyl fi lm waste), using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K, XRD, SEM methods. The high values of the specifi c surface area and total pore volume were achieved and were equal to 2064 m2/g and 1.188 cm3/g, respectively. Waste from the fi lm can be immediately utilized without CO2 production. This is the environmentally friendly way of waste utilization. Through this process, we can protect our environment. This study showed that the activated carbon obtained from carboxymethyl fi lm waste can be used as a good adsorbent for CO2 adsorption.

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Materials Prepared by Chemical Activation of Tomato Paste Waste: The Effects of Activator Type and Impregnation Ratio

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgul Ozbay ◽  
Adife Seyda Yargic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomato Paste

Activated carbons were prepared by carbonization of tomato paste processing industry waste at 500°C followed by chemical activation with KOH, K2CO3, and HCl in N2 atmosphere at low temperature (500°C). The effects of different activating agents and impregnation ratios (25, 50, and 100 wt.%) on the materials’ characteristics were examined. Precursor, carbonized tomato waste (CTW), and activated carbons were characterized by using ultimate and proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, point of zero charge measurements (pHPZC), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Activation process improved pore formation and changed activated carbons’ surface characteristics. Activated carbon with the highest surface area (283 m3/g) was prepared by using 50 wt.% KOH as an activator. According to the experimental results, tomato paste waste could be used as an alternative precursor to produce low-cost activated carbon.

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Mohd Faisal Taha ◽  
Athirah Amer Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Activation Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The preparation of activated carbon from wood-based industrys residue is one of the most environmental friendly solutions of transforming negative-valued wastes to valuable materials. Wood sawdust was first chemically activated using potassium hydroxide, KOH and characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measured in Micrometrices ASAP 2020 and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). By manipulating three different parameters, the optimal activation conditions were found at temperature of 500°C, activation time of 60 min and impregnation ratio of 1:3. Results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume and diameter of activated carbon were 1876.16 m2g-1, 0.88 cm3g-1and 6.93 nm, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm analysis proved the existence of mesopores in activated carbon produced, suggesting that it can be effectively used as an adsorption material.

Removal of Cu, Fe, and Zn from Peat Water by Using Activated Carbon Derived from Oil Palm Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 1162 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Ona Lestari ◽  
Erman Taer ◽  
Apriwandi ◽  
Minarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Turbidity Level ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Heavy metal such as Cu, Fe, and Zn are the most serious contributers to environmental problems. The removal of heavy metal from the environment is the research interest nowdays. The adsorption of Cu, Fe and Zn from wastewater was investigated with various activated carbons as adsorbents. The activated carbons were produced from oil palm leaves by using multi-activation methods. The H3PO4, NaOH, ZnCl2 and KOH were chosen as chemical activating agents. Batch adsorption experiment was used to test the ability of activated carbon to remove Cu, Fe, and Zn from wastewater. The surface characteristics of activated carbon were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The Activated carbons were able to purify wastewater with a maximum turbidity level of 2.83 NTU. The AC-H3PO4 activated carbon showed the highest absorbability of Cu metal as 91.540%, while the highest absorbabilities of Zn and Fe metals were indicated by AC-KOH activated carbon of 22.853% and 82.244% absorption respectively. Therefore, these results enable the oil palm leaves to become a high potential for activated carbon as removal the heavy metals.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

scholarly journals Characterization and comparison of walnut shells-based activated carbons and their adsorptive properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
Xiya Li ◽  
Jieqiong Qiu ◽  
Yiqi Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ren ◽  
Lu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The production of low-cost biologically activated carbons (BACs) is urgent need of environmental protection and ecological sustainability. Hence, walnut shells were treated by traditional pyrolysis, direct KOH impregnation and combined activation composed of hydrothermal carbonization and two-step H3PO4- and pyrolysis-activation process to obtain porous carbon with high adsorption capacity. It was found that the best adsorption capacity for iodine and organic dye methylene blue (MB) can be obtained using the KOH impregnation at impregnation ratio of 1:1 or combined activation comprising of 2 h H3PO4 activation and 1 h pyrolysis activation at 1000°C. The produced KOH, H3PO4/pyrolysis activated BACs at the optimum conditions are superior to that of commercial ACs, 9.4 and 1.3 times for MB removal, 4 and 4.5 times for iodine number respectively. Characterization results demonstrated their porous structure with very good textural properties such as high BET surface area (1689.1 m2/g, 1545.3 m2/g) and high total pore volume (0.94 cm3/g, 0.96 cm3/g). The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of H3PO4/pyrolysis activated hydrochar suggested the co-existence of micro and meso-pores. Moreover, they are more effective for the removal of Fe(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution than the commercial AC, suggesting a promising application in the field of water treatment.

scholarly journals Porosity Characteristics of Activated Carbons Derived from Olive Oil Wastes Impregnated with H3PO4

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila B. Khalil ◽  
Badie S. Girgis ◽  
Tarek A.M. Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

Locally discarded olive oil waste was tested as a potential raw material for the preparation of activated carbons. Chemical activation by impregnation with H3PO4 was employed using acid solutions of varying concentration in the range 30–70% followed by thermal treatment at 500–700°C. The development of porosity was followed from an analysis of the nitrogen adsorption isotherms obtained at 77 K by applying standard BET and t-plot methods. Carbons with low to moderate surface areas (273–827 m2/g) and total pore volumes (0.27–0.69 ml/g), containing essentially micropores with diameters of 8.2 Å up to 12.4 Å were obtained. Increasing the concentration of impregnant led to the development of porosity with the optimum being attained at 60% H3PO4. Phosphoric acid is visualized as acting both as an acid catalyst promoting bond-cleavage reactions and the formation of new crosslinks and also as a reactant which combines with organic species to form phosphate and polyphosphate bridges which connect and crosslink biopolymer fragments. The present study suggests many applications for environmental pollution control, firstly by utilizing accumulating low-cost agricultural by-products and secondly by producing a multi-purpose high-capacity adsorbent useful in the remediation of micropollutants in various water courses.

Preparation of activated carbons from wet activated sludge by direct chemical activation

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2387-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
N. Zhu ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
B. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature

An improved method for preparing activated carbons from wet waste activated sludge (WAS) by direct chemical activation was studied in this paper. The effects of processing parameters on iodine adsorption capacity of the product were investigated. Results show that sludge-based activated carbon prepared with KOH had a larger iodine value than those activated with ZnCl2 and KCl. The maximum iodine value was observed at the KOH concentration of 0.50 M. Increasing the impregnation time from 10 to 20 h resulted in a 20% increase in the iodine value. The highest iodine value was obtained at the activation temperature of 600°C and holding time of 1 h. Sludge water content had insignificant effects on the iodine value of products. Raw WAS with a water content of 93.2% can be converted into an activated carbon with a high specific surface area of 737.6 m2 g−1 and iodine value of 864.8 mgg−1 under optimum experimental conditions. Other physical properties such as total pore volume, micropore volume and mean pore diameter of the product were also reported and compared with those of commercial activated carbon.

scholarly journals Effect of Activating Agent on the Properties of TiO2/Activated Carbon Heterostructures for Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Peñas-Garzón ◽  
Almudena Gómez-Avilés ◽  
Jorge Bedia ◽  
Juan Rodriguez ◽  
Carolina Belver
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Synthesized Materials

Several activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by chemical activation of lignin with different activating agents (FeCl3, ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH) and used for synthesizing TiO2/activated carbon heterostructures. These heterostructures were obtained by the combination of the activated carbons with a titania precursor using a solvothermal treatment. The synthesized materials were fully characterized (Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) and further used in the photodegradation of a target pharmaceutical compound (acetaminophen). All heterostructures were composed of anatase phase regardless of the activated carbon used, while the porous texture and surface chemistry depended on the chemical compound used to activate the lignin. Among all heterostructures studied, that obtained by FeCl3-activation yielded complete conversion of acetaminophen after 6 h of reaction under solar-simulated irradiation, also showing high conversion after successive cycles. Although the reaction rate was lower than the observed with bare TiO2, the heterostructure showed higher settling velocity, thus being considerably easier to recover from the reaction medium.

scholarly journals Highly Porous Carbons Synthesized from Tannic Acid via a Combined Mechanochemical Salt-Templating and Mild Activation Strategy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1826
Author(s):  
Sylwia Głowniak ◽  
Barbara Szczęśniak ◽  
Jerzy Choma ◽  
Mietek Jaroniec
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Templating Method ◽  
Highly Porous

Highly porous activated carbons were synthesized via the mechanochemical salt-templating method using both sustainable precursors and sustainable chemical activators. Tannic acid is a polyphenolic compound derived from biomass, which, together with urea, can serve as a low-cost, environmentally friendly precursor for the preparation of efficient N-doped carbons. The use of various organic and inorganic salts as activating agents afforded carbons with diverse structural and physicochemical characteristics, e.g., their specific surface areas ranged from 1190 m2·g−1 to 3060 m2·g−1. Coupling the salt-templating method and chemical activation with potassium oxalate appeared to be an efficient strategy for the synthesis of a highly porous carbon with a specific surface area of 3060 m2·g−1, a large total pore volume of 3.07 cm3·g−1 and high H2 and CO2 adsorption capacities of 13.2 mmol·g−1 at −196 °C and 4.7 mmol·g−1 at 0 °C, respectively. The most microporous carbon from the series exhibited a CO2 uptake capacity as high as 6.4 mmol·g−1 at 1 bar and 0 °C. Moreover, these samples showed exceptionally high thermal stability. Such activated carbons obtained from readily available sustainable precursors and activators are attractive for several applications in adsorption and catalysis.

scholarly journals Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon prepared from Lupinus Albus

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye Bağcı ◽  
Ayhan Ceyhan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic aqueous solutions in batch experiments using Lupinus Albus-activated carbon (LAAC) by chemical activation with zinc chloride was investigated. Prior to adsorption experiments, surface/physical properties of LAAC were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption isotherm. In the adsorption experiments, effects of adsorption time, solution pH, MB concentration and amount of LAAC were investigated. The isotherm and kinetic parameters were used to describe the experimental data. The BET surface area was 1254 m2/g while its total pore volume was found to be 0.484 cm3/g. Maximum adsorption capacity occurred at solution pH value 10 and was recorded as 109.89 mg/g. Adsorption data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models fit to the process and reaction kinetics correspondingly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document