Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Mohd Faisal Taha ◽  
Athirah Amer Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Activation Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The preparation of activated carbon from wood-based industrys residue is one of the most environmental friendly solutions of transforming negative-valued wastes to valuable materials. Wood sawdust was first chemically activated using potassium hydroxide, KOH and characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measured in Micrometrices ASAP 2020 and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). By manipulating three different parameters, the optimal activation conditions were found at temperature of 500°C, activation time of 60 min and impregnation ratio of 1:3. Results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume and diameter of activated carbon were 1876.16 m2g-1, 0.88 cm3g-1and 6.93 nm, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm analysis proved the existence of mesopores in activated carbon produced, suggesting that it can be effectively used as an adsorption material.

scholarly journals Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon prepared from Lupinus Albus

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye Bağcı ◽  
Ayhan Ceyhan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic aqueous solutions in batch experiments using Lupinus Albus-activated carbon (LAAC) by chemical activation with zinc chloride was investigated. Prior to adsorption experiments, surface/physical properties of LAAC were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption isotherm. In the adsorption experiments, effects of adsorption time, solution pH, MB concentration and amount of LAAC were investigated. The isotherm and kinetic parameters were used to describe the experimental data. The BET surface area was 1254 m2/g while its total pore volume was found to be 0.484 cm3/g. Maximum adsorption capacity occurred at solution pH value 10 and was recorded as 109.89 mg/g. Adsorption data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models fit to the process and reaction kinetics correspondingly.

Preparation and Characterization of Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 614-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Jun Tang ◽  
Chao Ping Cen ◽  
Ping Fang ◽  
Yang Ming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

In this study, a sewage sludge-base activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by means of ZnCl2 chemical activation-pyrolysis-carbonization. Different factors such as activated temperature, activators, additives, sludge/activation solution ratio, activated time and other factors which affecting SSAC characteristics were studied to obtain the optimal preparation conditions. The result shows that when using 3mol/L zinc chloride with the ratio of zinc chloride to sulfuric acid as 10:1(v/v), activated at 550°C with the ratio of sludge to activation solution as 1:4(w/v) for 1 hour of pyrolysis and the rate of N2 was set at 0.5L/min, the BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the SSAC was 469.80m2/g, 0.16cm3/g and 2.60nm respectively. Using SSAC to treat simulating wastewater containing 100mg(Ni2+)/L, the removal rate of Ni2+ was 20.59% with the adsorption capacity of 10.57mg/g. When the pH>10.5 the removal efficiency approached 100%.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Biodegradable film for Co2 Capture Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
J. Serafin ◽  
A.K. Antosik ◽  
K. Wilpiszewska ◽  
Z. Czech
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract In this work for the fi rst time, activated carbons were prepared from carboxymethyl fi lm (low-cost carboxymethyl fi lm waste), using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K, XRD, SEM methods. The high values of the specifi c surface area and total pore volume were achieved and were equal to 2064 m2/g and 1.188 cm3/g, respectively. Waste from the fi lm can be immediately utilized without CO2 production. This is the environmentally friendly way of waste utilization. Through this process, we can protect our environment. This study showed that the activated carbon obtained from carboxymethyl fi lm waste can be used as a good adsorbent for CO2 adsorption.

scholarly journals Characterization and Modelling Studies of Activated Carbon Produced from Rubber-Seed Shell Using KOH for CO2 Adsorption

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Pau Loke Show
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Activation Conditions

Global warming due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has become a serious problem in recent times. Although diverse methods have been offered, adsorption using activated carbon (AC) from agriculture waste is regarded to be the most applicable one due to numerous advantages. In this paper, the preparation of AC from rubber-seed shell (RSS), an agriculture residue through chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH), was investigated. The prepared AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms measured in Micrometrices ASAP 2020 and FESEM. The optimal activation conditions were found at an impregnation ratio of 1:2 and carbonized at a temperature of 700 °C for 120 min. Sample A6 is found to yield the largest surface area of 1129.68 m2/g with a mesoporous pore diameter of 3.46 nm, respectively. Using the static volumetric technique evaluated at 25 °C and 1.25 bar, the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity is 43.509 cm3/g. The experimental data were analyzed using several isotherm and kinetic models. Owing to the closeness of regression coefficient (R2) to unity, the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second kinetic model provide the best fit to the experimental data suggesting that the RSS AC prepared is an attractive source for CO2 adsorption applications.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

scholarly journals The Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon Electrodes from Pineapple Leaf Fibers for Supercapacitor Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agustino Agustino ◽  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Erman Taer
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Supercapacitor Application

Elektroda karbon aktif berbasis serat daun nanas (SDN) telah berhasil diproduksi dengan proses tiga langkah berikut ini, yaitu: (i) aktivasi kimia, (ii) karbonisasi, dan (iii) aktivasi fisika. Aktivasi kimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan agen pengaktif KOH dengan konsetrasi 0,3 M. Karbonisasi dilakukan dalam lingkungan gas N2 pada temperatur 600oC dan diikuti oleh aktivasi fisika pada temperatur 850oC menggunakan gas CO2 selama 2,5 jam. Luas permukaan spesifik elektroda 512,211 m2×g-1 dengan volume total pori sebesar 0,093 cm3×g–1, dan jari-jari pori rata-rata 1,199 nm. Morfologi permukaan elektroda karbon aktif menunjukkan adanya serat karbon dengan diameter serat dalam kisaran 101 - 185 nm dan memliki kandungan karbon dengan massa atomik sebesar 84,33%. Elektroda karbon aktif memiliki struktur amorf, yang ditunjukkan oleh dua puncak difraksi yang lebar pada sudut hamburan 24,64 dan 43,77o yang bersesuaian dengan bidang (002) dan (100). Kapasitansi spesifik, energi spesifik dan daya spesifik sel superkapasitor yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 110 F×g-1, 15,28 Wh×kg-1 dan 36,69 W×kg-1. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) based activated carbon electrode has been successfully produced using three-step process, i.e. (i) chemical activation, (ii) carbonization, and (iii) physical activation. The chemical activation was carried out using KOH activating agent with a concentration of 0.3 M. The carbonization process is conducted out in N2 gas environment at 600oC and followed by physical activation at a temperature of 850oC by using CO2 gas for 2.5 h. The specific surface area of the electrode is 512.211 m2×g-1 with a total pore volume of 0.093 cm3×g-1, and average pore radius of 1.199 nm. The surface morphology of the electrode shown the carbon fibers with diameter in the range of 101 - 185 nm and carbon content with 84.33% of atomic mass. The activated carbon electrode has an amorphous structure, which is shown by two wide diffraction peaks at scattering angles of 24.64 and 43.77o which correspond to the plane (002) and (100), respectively. The specific capacitance, energy and power of the electrode are 110 F×g-1, 15.28 Wh×kg-1 and 36.69 W×kg-1, respectively.Keywords: Serat daun nanas, Kalium hidroksida, Elektroda karbon aktif, Kapasitansi spesifik, Superkapasitor 

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Herawan ◽  
M. S. Hadi ◽  
Md. R. Ayob ◽  
A. Putra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Time

Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.

Preparation of Porous Silica Microspheres by Polymerization-Induced Colloid Aggregation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li He ◽  
Xiu Hua Chen ◽  
Wen Jie Zhu ◽  
Wen Hui Ma ◽  
Yong Yin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Silica Microspheres ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The UF resin/SiO2 composites microspheres with particle size of 2μm were successfully prepared by polymerization of silica sol from base-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and urea-formaldehyde via the PICA approach, and then calcination in air to remove organic UF resin and yield porous silica microspheres. The samples were characterized by Zetasizer NanoZS Instrument, SEM and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that the synthesized porous silica microspheres with a BET surface area of 67.01m2/g, a BJH average pore size diameter of 37.32 nm and a total pore volume of 0.69cm3/g, respectively.

Synthesis and Characterization of Green Porous Carbons with Large Surface Area by Two Step Chemical Activation with KOH

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Mohammed Jibril ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Hamza Usman Dadum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis

Porous carbons were synthesized from coconut shell using chemical activation by potassium hydroxide (KOH). N2 adsorption isotherm analysis for BET surface area and pore volume of the synthesized porous carbon were carried out. The Langmuir surface area, BET surface area and pore volume are 1646 m2/g, 1353 m2/g and 0.6 cm3/g, respectively. From the FTIR analysis, hydroxyls, alkenes, carbonyls and aromatics functional groups were identified. The proximate and ultimate analysis shows high percentage of carbon and less ash content which indicates a good precursor material for porous carbon. The carbonization temperature and time were also varied to observe their effect on the yield of char, with carbonization at 7000C for 2 h having highest yield of 32%.

scholarly journals Preparation of Terminalia catappa Shell Based Activated Carbon by Microwave Assisted Chemical Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Awitdrus Awitdrus
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Electron Scanning Microscope ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Activated carbon was prepared from Terminalia catappa shells using microwave asissted KOH activation. The ratio of mass percentages of Terminalia catappa and KOH were 4:1, 4:2, and 4:3. Terminalia catappa based activated carbon was prepared by KOH activation at the room temperature for 24 hours and followed by microwave irradiation at the out put power of 630 Watt for 20 minutes. The physical properties of activated carbon i.e. surface morphology, micro structure, and BET surface area were characterized by electron scanning microscope, X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77K, respectively. The highest BET surface area was 312 m2/g with adsorption of activated carbon towards methylene blue by 84.4 mg/g. The BET surface area was directly correlated with the stack height (Lc) of the activated carbon.

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