scholarly journals The role of thyroid hormones in carotid arterial wall remodeling in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maida Seferovic Saric ◽  
Miljenka-Jelena Jurasic ◽  
Hrvoje Budincevic ◽  
Milan Milosevic ◽  
Bojana Kranjcec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid hormones affect the cardiovascular system, but the precise mechanisms of their effects on the development of atherosclerosis are not entirely clear. The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia and carotid atherosclerosis has been widely investigated, but the findings were controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine whether female subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) have increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) compared with euthyroid subjects, as well as to examine the association of SHypo, carotid atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Methods: This research included 100 women aged 30 to 70 years who were divided into two groups: the SHypo group including subjects with signs of subclinical hypothyroidism and the control group of euthyroid subjects. Carotid IMT thickness using B mode ultrasound was determined and its correlation with serum concentrations of fT4, TSH, CRP, and lipid profile including small dense LDL (sdLDL) was analysed. Results: Subjects with SHypo had significantly increased carotid IMT (IMT ≥ 75th centile) in all three measured segments of the right (p <0.001) and the left (p = 0.001) carotid artery compared to the control group, with a significantly more frequent appearance of plaque (25% vs. 9%; p = 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between higher TSH and higher IMT values. Increased age, LDL cholesterol, and TSH predicted thickening of the carotid artery IMT. Conclusions: It is important to screen people showing early, subclinical signs of thyroid gland dysfunction due to its impact on carotid atherosclerosis development.

Changes in carotid artery intima-media thickness during the cardiac cycle – a comparative study in early childhood, mid-childhood, and adulthood

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuna Rueb ◽  
Jonathan Mynard ◽  
Richard Liu ◽  
Melissa Wake ◽  
Peter Vuillermin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cine Sequence ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Right

Abstract. Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), an ultrasonographic marker of cardiovascular risk, is increasingly used in adults and children. The choice of specific images used to quantify CIMT from a cine sequence is often based on image quality rather than on a consistent point in the cardiac cycle. This methodological study quantified the imprecision that may be introduced by variation of CIMT during the cardiac cycle. Probands and methods: Data from four-year-olds, 11 to 12-year-olds, and adults (n=30 each age group) were selected retrospectively from two population-derived studies. Far wall CIMT of the right common carotid artery was measured at end-diastole and peak systole using standardized protocols. All images were analysed using semi-automated edge-detection software. Results: In all age groups CIMT varied significantly during the cardiac cycle and was largest at end-diastole. The mean difference in CIMT between end-diastole and peak systole was greater in four-year-olds (38 μm; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 33 to 43 μm) and 11 to 12-year-olds (31 μm; CI 26 to 36 μm) than in adults (18 μm; CI 16 to 22 μm). Carotid IMT increased by 8.8 % (CI 7.7 to 9.8 %), 6.9 % (CI 5.8 to 8.1 %), and 3.8 % (CI 3.1 to 4.5 %) between minimum and maximum arterial diameter in four-year-olds, 11 to 12-year-olds, and adults, respectively. The greatest variation in CIMT during the cardiac cycle was observed in children (up to 14 %). Conclusions: Inconsistent timing of CIMT measurement during the cardiac cycle is an avoidable source of imprecision, especially in children, in whom inter-individual differences are smallest. As CIMT is largest at end-diastole, this is the most appropriate time point for consistent and comparable measurements to be made.

Abstract WP197: Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness is Associated ith Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in a Japanese General Population With a 12.6-year Follow-up: The Suita Study

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Aya Higashiyama ◽  
Yoko M. Nakao ◽  
Misa Takegami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Incident Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is increasingly used as a subclinical marker of cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have examined the association between IMT and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in non-Westerners. We assessed the hypothesis that carotid atherosclerosis is a predictor of CHD and stroke events in a general urban Japanese population. Methods: We studied 4,751 Japanese (2181 men and 2570 women, mean age 59.8 years, without stroke or CHD at the baseline) who completed a baseline survey and carotid atherosclerosis in the Suita Study, and were then followed for an average of 12.6 years. Carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated by high-resolution ultrasonography with atherosclerotic indexes of IMT in the common carotid artery (CCA) and the carotid artery bulb. Mean IMT was defined as the mean of the IMT of the proximal and distal walls for both sides of the CCA at a point 10 mm proximal to the beginning of the dilation of each carotid artery bulb. Max-CCA and Max-Bulb were defined as the maximum IMT in the CCA and bulb areas, respectively. We used adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models to compare the risk of CHD and stroke by use of mean and maximum carotid IMT in the CCA and bulb areas. Results: During the follow-up, we documented 145 cerebral infarctions, 58 hemorrhagic strokes, 20 unclassified strokes, and 159 CHD. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CI], P for trend [P trend]) in the fourth quartile (≥ 0.95 mm) of the mean IMT for strokes, cerebral infarction, and CHD were 3.13 (1.48-6.63, P trend = 0.002), 3.34 (1.33-8.37, P trend = 0.002), and 1.93 (0.96-3.88, P trend <0.0001), respectively, compared with the first quartile (<0.775 mm). The adjusted HRs (95% CI) in the fourth quartiles of Max-CCA (≥1.10 mm) and Max-BIF (≥1.55 mm) were 2.48 (1.10-5.62, P trend = 0.07) and 3.28 (1.40-7.69, P trend <0.0001) in stroke, 1.87 (0.75-4.659, P trend = 0.07) and 2.83 (1.05-7.63, P trend = 0.005) in cerebral infarction, and 3.07 (1.18-8.04, P trend <0.0001) and 6.01 (2.02-17.9, P trend <0.0001) in CHD, respectively, compared with the first quartiles (<0.9 mm). Conclusions: Carotid IMT, especially Max-BIF was a strong predictor of stroke, cerebral infarction, and CHD in a Japanese urban general population.

Apolipoprotein(a), Fibrinopeptide A and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (04) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Sari Väisänen ◽  
Michele Mercuri ◽  
Rainer Rauramaa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe association between apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was analyzed in Eastern Finnish men aged 50 to 60 years. Apo(a) correlated directly with carotid bifurcation (r = 0.26, p = 0.001), but not with common carotid IMT. Men in the lowest quartile of apo(a) had thinner (p = 0.013) IMT in bifurcation [1.59 mm (95% Cl 1.49; 1.68)] compared to the men in the highest [1.91 mm (95% Cl 1.73; 2.09)] apo(a) quartile. The difference remained (p=0.038) after adjusting for confounders. Plasma fibrinogen was not related to carotid IMT, whereas FPA correlated with common carotid (r = 0.21, p = 0.016) and carotid bifurcation (r = 0.21, p = 0.018) IMT. These associations abolished after adjusting for the confounders. The data suggest that apo(a) associate with carotid atherosclerosis independent of other risk factors for ischemic cardiovascular diseases.

Application of the Measurement of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness for Prediction of the Essential Hypertension in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1550-1553
Author(s):  
Rosana Manea ◽  
Bianca Elena Popovici ◽  
Carmen Daniela Neculoiu ◽  
Dan Minea ◽  
Alina Calin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Hypertension is a major risk factor for progression of the atherosclerotic process and for developing of degenerative cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the measurement of carotid intima - media thickness for prediction of essential hypertension in children can be used.The study group included 81 children and the control group 61 children, all aged between 5 - 17 years and 11 months old, and admitted in Children Hospital Brasov in the period of 2009 � 2014. The study protocol included: BMI, blood pressure and Doppler echography of the common carotid artery for each group. Mean age of the patients from the study group was 13.67 years, 43.20 % girls and 56.80 % boys, while in the control group, the mean age was 14.07 years, 54.10% girls and 45.90 % boys. 70.37% of the children from the study group presented obesity, while in the control group 40.98% were obese. The IMTC study group ranged from 0.52 - 0.69 mm and the limits of the normotensive subjects were 0.32 -0.54 mm. In both groups the obese patients were found to have increased carotid artery intima-media, which means that IMTC was positively correlated with BMI (p=0.000001).It is necessary to identify diagnostic methods easily applicable for children, allowing involvement of the characteristics of the arterial wall in the degenerative pathological processes. Increased intima-media ratio is positively correlated with high values of blood pressure.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness in Men With Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Kevin Heffernan ◽  
Bo Fernhall ◽  
Yoon-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Background:We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with carotid artery intima media thickness in 746 (age 53 ± 7 yrs) men with type 2 diabetes.Methods:We measured common carotid intima media thickness and defined carotid atherosclerosis as a carotid intima media thickness > 1.0 mm. Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake using expired gases analysis during a standard treadmill test.Results:Cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with common carotid intima media thickness in multivariable regression (β = –0.15, P < .05). After adjusting for established risk factors, high and moderate cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower odds ratios for having carotid atherosclerosis—0.49 (95% CI, 0.30–0.81), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.38–0.92), respectively—as compared with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Each 1 metabolic equivalent increment higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with 27% (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61–0.87) lower prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis.Conclusions:These results suggest that high cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with common carotid intima media thickness in men with type 2 diabetes.

Evaluation of the relationship between hepatic and cardiac iron overload with MRI T2* and carotid intima media thickness with Doppler ultrasound in beta thalassemia major patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Mortazavi Ardestani ◽  
Masoud M. Ardestani
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Iron ◽  
Cardiac Iron Overload ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Iron overload is caused early progression of atherosclerosis in beta thalassemia patients due to regular repeated blood transfusion. MRI T2* is a gold standard non-invasive method for detecting hepatic and cardiac iron overload. The aim of this study was the comparison of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in the patients and healthy control groups with Doppler ultrasound for early diagnosis of atherogenesis. Another purpose was to assess the relationship between CIMT and iron overload among patients. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on twenty patients referred to the Sarvar clinic and twenty age- and sex-matched control group. The CIMT was measured with Color Doppler ultrasound in both groups. Then, MRI T2* results, demographic, and therapeutic information were extracted from their documents. Results: CIMT was insignificantly higher in the patients compared to the control group. For example, it was 0.49 ± 0.05 vs. 0.45 ± 0.03 (p = 0.009) for the right common carotid artery (RCCA) and 0.48 ± 0.06 vs. 0.46 ± 0.04 (p = 0.17) for the left common carotid artery (LCCA). There was no strong relationship between CIMT and age (p = 0.09 for RCCA, p = 0.00 for LCCA), sex, chelation type (for example, p = 0.51 for RCCA with Desferal and p = 0.91 for LCCA with Desferal), age at diagnosis, age at the beginning on transfusion (p = 0.49 for RCCA, p = 0.20 for LCCA), age at the start of chelator (p = 0.74 for RCCA, p = 0.78 for LCCA), and hepatic and cardiac iron overload. Conclusion: Preventive and curative methods should be planned to cease its progression. Furthermore, early initiation of chelator drugs with better efficacy and compliance may reverse the hepatotoxic and adverse myocardial effects of excessive iron.

scholarly journals Carotid artery intima–media thickness, distensibility and elasticity: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years old and their parents

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S Liu ◽  
Sophie Dunn ◽  
Anneke C Grobler ◽  
Katherine Lange ◽  
Denise Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Parent Child

ObjectivesTo describe a well-established marker of cardiovascular risk, carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) and related measures (artery distensibility and elasticity) in children aged 11–12 years old and mid-life adults, and examine associations within parent–child dyads.DesignCross-sectional study (Child Health CheckPoint), nested within a prospective cohort study, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven Australian major cities and eight selected regional towns, February 2015 to March 2016.ParticipantsOf all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), 1489 children (50.0% girls) and 1476 parents (86.8% mothers) with carotid IMT data were included. Survey weights and methods were applied to account for LSAC’s complex sample design and clustering within postcodes and strata.Outcome measuresUltrasound of the right carotid artery was performed using standardised protocols. Primary outcomes were mean and maximum far-wall carotid IMT, quantified using semiautomated edge detection software. Secondary outcomes were carotid artery distensibility and elasticity. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess parent–child concordance. Random effects modelling on a subset of ultrasounds (with repeated measurements) was used to assess reliability of the child carotid IMT measure.ResultsThe average mean and maximum child carotid IMT were 0.50 mm (SD 0.06) and 0.58 mm (SD 0.05), respectively. In adults, average mean and maximum carotid IMT were 0.57 mm (SD 0.07) and 0.66 mm (SD 0.10), respectively. Mother–child correlations for mean and maximum carotid IMT were 0.12 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.23) and 0.10 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.21), respectively. For carotid artery distensibility and elasticity, mother–child correlations were 0.19 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.25) and 0.11 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.18), respectively. There was no strong evidence of father–child correlation in any measure.ConclusionsWe provide Australian values for carotid vascular measures and report a modest mother–child concordance. Both genetic and environmental exposures are likely to contribute to carotid IMT.

Increased Prevalence of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Artery-specific

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
HITOMI KOBAYASHI ◽  
JON T. GILES ◽  
JOSEPH F. POLAK ◽  
ROGER S. BLUMENTHAL ◽  
MARY S. LEFFELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Carotid Bulb ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
The Right

Objective.Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Prior investigations of the association of RA with measures of carotid atherosclerosis have yielded conflicting results. We compared carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of both the common carotid (CCA) and proximal internal carotid (bulb-ICA) arteries, and plaque prevalence, between RA and non-RA participants.Methods.Subjects with RA were participants in a cohort study of subclinical CV disease in RA. Non-RA controls were selected from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Both groups underwent B-mode ultrasonography of the right and left CCA and bulb-ICA. Linear regression was used to model the association of RA status with CCA and bulb-ICA-IMT, and logistic regression for the association of RA status with plaque.Results.We compared 195 RA patients to 198 non-RA controls. CV risk factors were similarly distributed, except for a higher prevalence of hypertension in the RA group. Mean adjusted bulb-ICA-IMT was higher in RA patients than controls (1.16 vs 1.02 mm, respectively; p < 0.001), while mean adjusted CCA-IMT did not differ significantly. After adjusting for CV risk factors, the odds of plaque were significantly increased in RA participants compared to controls (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.26–4.61). The association of gender, age, smoking, and hypertension with bulb-ICA-IMT and plaque did not significantly differ by RA status. Interleukin 6 was strongly associated with bulb-ICA-IMT and plaque in controls but not in RA patients. In the RA group, shared epitope was associated with an increased prevalence of plaque.Conclusion.Compared to controls, RA was associated with a higher prevalence and higher severity of atherosclerosis in the bulb-ICA but not the CCA. Our data suggest that future studies in RA that utilize carotid artery measurements should include assessment of the bulb-ICA.

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction and the risk of atherosclerosis in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasem Saif ◽  
Shrook Mousa ◽  
Maha Assem ◽  
Nashwa Tharwat ◽  
Alaa Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age And Sex

Hypothyroidism is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. We assessed carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as a marker of atherosclerosis, and endothelial function in patients with hypothyroidism. We included 70 female patients with hypothyroidism in the study, 40 patients with overt and 30 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Forty, age- and sex-matched, subjects with normal thyroid functions were also included as a control group. CIMT was measured using high-resolution color-coded Doppler ultrasonography. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring the percent of change in blood flow following heat-mediated vasodilation using laser Doppler flowmetry. CIMT was significantly higher in patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism as compared with the control group (0.7 ± 0.2 and 0.6 ± 0.2 mm respectively vs 0.45 ± 0.07 mm, P < 0.001 for both). The percent of change in blood flow following heat-mediated vasodilation was significantly impaired in patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism as compared with the control group (328 ± 17 and 545 ± 406% respectively vs 898 ± 195%, P < 0.001 for both). The impairment was more significant in overt as compared with subclinical hypothyroidism (P = 0.014). CIMT negatively correlated with percent of change in blood flow following heat-mediated vasodilation in patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism (P < 0.001 for both). We concluded that CIMT is significantly higher in patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism compared with normal control subjects. Impairment of endothelial function is a contributing factor to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in both groups of patients.

scholarly journals Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Endothelial Function: Useful Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Riham A. El-Sehly ◽  
Abeer A. Shahba ◽  
Raghda G. Elsheik ◽  
Mahmoud F. Selim
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Media Thickness

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in RA disease. In active RA patients, the majority of cardiovascular deaths result from accelerates atherosclerosis. Aim of the Work: The aim of this work is to assess carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) and endothelial function by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in Rheumatoid arthritis patients and relation to the disease activity. Subjects and Methods: Our study included 50 RA patients, from Tanta University Hospital. 47 women and 3 men and their age ranged from 30-62 years.  They were divided into group 1:  25 active RA patients, group 2:  25 inactive RA patients who were   diagnosed by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised criteria for diagnosis of RA 1987 and disease activity was evaluated using disease activity score 28(DAS28). Group 3: 25 normal subjects as a control group.  We measured C-IMT and FMD in all groups. Results: By comparing the groups, we found that active RA patients had increased C-IMT compared to inactive rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls which is indicator of atherosclerosis. FMD of the brachial artery impaired in RA patients compared to controls which is indicator of endothelial dysfunction. There was highly statistically significant relation between duration, activity of RA disease and atherosclerosis in RA patients. Conclusion: With increasing the frequency of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic RA patients, carotid IMT increased and FMD impaired when compared with general population. Active RA patients have increased carotid IMT and impaired FMD compared with inactive RA patients.

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