scholarly journals Regression in the Analytic Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-41
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Civitarese
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Psychotic Patient ◽  
Emotional Climate ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Classical Sense

Abstract Bion hardly ever mentions the concept of regression in the classical sense. However, he uses it to understand whether the direction taken by the therapeutic relationship in the here and now of the session is towards psychic growth or rather in the opposite direction. Therefore, asking oneself what it represents for Bion implies inscribing the concept of regression in the framework of the grid, the kind of conceptual compass that he has built to map the possible evolutions of the unconscious emotional climate (O) that pervades the session at a given moment. The author then reports an entire session with a psychotic patient and illustrates the use that can be made of this notion, paired with that of progress, in the post-Bionian theory of the analytic field.

Unconscious processes in Aaron Beck’s cognitive theory: Reconstruction and discussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-242
Author(s):  
Monika Romanowska ◽  
Bartłomiej Dobroczyński
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Founding Myth ◽  
Theory Reconstruction

The concept of the unconscious has always provoked controversy. While some psychologists treated it as a relic of metaphysics or a manifestation of psychoanalytic mysticism, others saw it as an important explanatory construct. At the heart of this conflict, there is the theory proposed by Aaron Beck, the originator of cognitive therapy. According to the founding myth, he rejected the concept of the dynamic unconscious to develop an evidence-based approach. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and analyze Beck’s understanding of the unconscious based on his published works and archival materials and to identify the values that guided his theoretical choices. We argue that Beck’s conceptualization of the unconscious ignores contradictory conscious and unconscious representations and attitudes and offers no systematic model of basic needs and the conflicts between them. We conclude that this stems from Beck’s attachment to the phenomenological understanding of the psyche, emphasis on humanism in the therapeutic relationship, fear of cognitive theory losing its distinctness, and caution in formulating theories.

Track the Deer, Catch it and Then Let it Go

Dramatherapy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hougham
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Jungian Psychology ◽  
Group Supervision ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Unconscious Communication ◽  
Emerging Themes

The following paper is based on research into a dramatic model of group supervision that was also informed by ideas from Jungian psychology. Postgraduate dramatherapy students were given the opportunity to reflect, embody and dramatise what they considered to be ‘significant moments’ from their placement practice over a period of ten weeks. A semi-structured interview was then carried out with each of the nine participants. Analysis of their responses identified two emerging themes −1) a diversity of perspectives on the same session, where students who participated in the same work had different experiences and 2) working with the drama and the body in supervision offered the chance to reconnect with and investigate body-based experiences from practice. Through continuing to use the art form of drama in supervision (in particular role-playing the client), it seemed that qualities and nuances of the session and the therapeutic relationship could be explored. In particular, some of the unconscious communication between therapist and client seemed to be exposed through working with the body and drama.

Tre fiumi nello stesso mare: la relazione che cura. Bateson nella psicoterapia whitakeriana ed ericksoniana

2009 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Sponti Wilma Trasarti ◽  
Anna Maria Rapone ◽  
Alessandro Sevi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Family Therapist ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Gregory Bateson ◽  
Therapy Room

- This paper puts into evidence how the works of Gregory Bateson (epistemologis,) Carl Whitaker (experiential-symbolical family therapist) and Milton Erickson (hypnotherapist) can be considered as main streams going in the same direction, thus completing themselves and enriching one another. The paper makes then a comparison of the ideas of the three Masters, utilizing mostly their original scripts, to demonstrate that their ideas con be considered congruent parts of the same story. Under this perspective Erickson and Whitaker in the microcosm of therapy room and in the process of therapeutic relationship are experientially utilizing the ecology of connecting structure typical of batesonian theory. The paper, divided into sections puts into evidence the connecting structure , the joining of patient and therapist; the unconscious;, the resources and resistances during psychotherapy, to finally land to the land of mystery, of sacred, and of change. The paper put into evidence also the similarity the three Masters have about teaching to students. Key words: change, circularity, experiential, hypnosis, mirror neurons, observation, resistance, therapeutic relationship.

scholarly journals A comparative reading of John Steinbeck's and Frank Hardy's works

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Danica Čerče
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath

Although belonging to literatures spatially and traditionally very remote from each other, John Steinbeck, an American Nobel Prize winner, and Frank Hardy, an Australian novelist and story-teller, share a number of common grounds. The fact that by the time Hardy wrote his first novel, in 1950, Steinbeck was already a popular writer with a long list of masterpieces does not justify the assumption that Hardy had Steinbeck at hand when writing his best-sellers, but it does exclude the opposite direction of inheritance. Hardy's creativ impulses and appropriations may have been the unconscious results of his omnivorous reading after he realized that "the transition from short stories [in which he excelled] to the novel was an obstacle not easily surmounted" as he confessed in The Hard Way: The Story Behind "Power Without Glory" (109). Furthermore, since both were highly regarded proletarian writers in communist Russia, Hardy might have become acquainted with Steinbeck's novels on one of his frequent visits to that country between 1951 and 1969.2 Upon closer reading, inter-textual entanglements with Steinbeck's prose can be detected in several of his books, including But the Dead Are Many (1975), the Billy Borker material collected in The Yarns of Billy Barker (1965) and in The Great Australian Lover and Other Stories (1967), and in Power Without Glory (1950). My purpose in this essay is to briefly illuminate the most striking similarities between the two authors' narrative strategies in terms of their writing style, narrative technique, and subject matter, and link these textual affinities to the larger social and cultural milieu of each author. In the second part I will focus on the parallels between their central works, Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath and Hardy's Power Without Glory.

The question concerning metaphysics: a Schellingian intervention in analytical psychology

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Analytical Psychology ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Systematic Effort ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Schelling is the least understood of the major German philosophers. His work has a clearly demonstrable influence on the late nineteenth-century psychologies of the unconscious that were a decisive influence on both Freud and Jung. Where the mature Freudian metapsychology is a systematic effort to de-Romanticize the unconscious, purging it of the characteristic Schellingian themes of transcendence, teleology, and theology, Jung goes in the opposite direction: toward a psychology of transcendence, with cosmological and religious implications. This makes Schellingian psychology a natural ally to analytical psychology. But to exploit this hitherto neglected resource, Jungians must overcome Jung's antipathy for metaphysics.

Spotlight on the Clinician in the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia: Balancing Relationship-Centered Care and Professionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-424
Author(s):  
Rochelle Cohen-Schneider ◽  
Melodie T. Chan ◽  
Denise M. McCall ◽  
Allison M. Tedesco ◽  
Ann P. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Encounter

Background Speech-language pathologists make clinical decisions informed by evidence-based theory and “beliefs, values and emotional experiences” ( Hinckley, 2005 , p. 265). These subjective processes, while not extensively studied, underlie the workings of the therapeutic relationship and contribute to treatment outcomes. While speech-language pathologists do not routinely pay attention to subjective experiences of the therapeutic encounter, social workers do. Thus, the field of social work makes an invaluable contribution to the knowledge and skills of speech-language pathologists. Purpose This clinical focus article focuses on the clinician's contribution to the therapeutic relationship by surfacing elements of the underlying subjective processes. Method Vignettes were gathered from clinicians in two community aphasia programs informed by the principles of the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia. Results and Discussion By reflecting on and sharing aspects of clinical encounters, clinicians reveal subjective processing occurring beneath the surface. The vignettes shed light on the following clinical behaviors: listening to the client's “whole self,” having considerations around self-disclosure, dealing with biases, recognizing and surfacing clients' identities, and fostering hope. Speech-language pathologists are given little instruction on the importance of the therapeutic relationship, how to conceptualize this relationship, and how to balance this relationship with professionalism. Interprofessional collaboration with social workers provides a rich opportunity to learn ways to form and utilize the benefits of a strong therapeutic relationship while maintaining high standards of ethical behavior. Conclusion This clinical focus article provides speech-language pathologists with the “nuts and bolts” for considering elements of the therapeutic relationship. This is an area that is gaining traction in the field of speech-language pathology and warrants further investigation.

Employing Latino Value Orientations to Facilitate Success in Stuttering Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Lourdes Ramos-Heinrichs ◽  
Lynn Hansberry Mayo ◽  
Sandra Garzon
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Collaborative Partnership ◽  
The Family ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
Cultural Connections

Abstract Providing adequate speech therapy services to Latinos who stutter can present challenges that are not obvious to the practicing clinician. This article addresses cultural, religious, and foreign language concerns to the therapeutic relationship between the Latino client and the clinician. Suggestions are made for building cross-cultural connections with clients and incorporating the family into a collaborative partnership with the service provider.

Behavior in the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Monti ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Brain Insults ◽  
Brain Behavior

Recent evidence has suggested that functional neuroimaging may play a crucial role in assessing residual cognition and awareness in brain injury survivors. In particular, brain insults that compromise the patient’s ability to produce motor output may render standard clinical testing ineffective. Indeed, if patients were aware but unable to signal so via motor behavior, they would be impossible to distinguish, at the bedside, from vegetative patients. Considering the alarming rate with which minimally conscious patients are misdiagnosed as vegetative, and the severe medical, legal, and ethical implications of such decisions, novel tools are urgently required to complement current clinical-assessment protocols. Functional neuroimaging may be particularly suited to this aim by providing a window on brain function without requiring patients to produce any motor output. Specifically, the possibility of detecting signs of willful behavior by directly observing brain activity (i.e., “brain behavior”), rather than motoric output, allows this approach to reach beyond what is observable at the bedside with standard clinical assessments. In addition, several neuroimaging studies have already highlighted neuroimaging protocols that can distinguish automatic brain responses from willful brain activity, making it possible to employ willful brain activations as an index of awareness. Certainly, neuroimaging in patient populations faces some theoretical and experimental difficulties, but willful, task-dependent, brain activation may be the only way to discriminate the conscious, but immobile, patient from the unconscious one.

“The Unconscious” in Current Psychology

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Unconscious Processing ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Definition Of

A series of vignette examples taken from psychological research on motivation, emotion, decision making, and attitudes illustrates how the influence of unconscious processes is often measured in a range of different behaviors. However, the selected studies share an apparent lack of explicit operational definition of what is meant by consciousness, and there seems to be substantial disagreement about the properties of conscious versus unconscious processing: Consciousness is sometimes equated with attention, sometimes with verbal report ability, and sometimes operationalized in terms of behavioral dissociations between different performance measures. Moreover, the examples all seem to share a dichotomous view of conscious and unconscious processes as being qualitatively different. It is suggested that cognitive research on consciousness can help resolve the apparent disagreement about how to define and measure unconscious processing, as is illustrated by a selection of operational definitions and empirical findings from modern cognitive psychology. These empirical findings also point to the existence of intermediate states of conscious awareness, not easily classifiable as either purely conscious or purely unconscious. Recent hypotheses from cognitive psychology, supplemented with models from social, developmental, and clinical psychology, are then presented all of which are compatible with the view of consciousness as a graded rather than an all-or-none phenomenon. Such a view of consciousness would open up for explorations of intermediate states of awareness in addition to more purely conscious or purely unconscious states and thereby increase our understanding of the seemingly “unconscious” aspects of mental life.

Expressed Emotion in the Client-Professional Dyad

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van Humbeeck ◽  
Ch. Van Audenhove ◽  
G. Storms ◽  
M. De Hert ◽  
G. Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Summary: Background: This article reports on a study of the concurrent validity between the standard expressed emotion instrument, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), and two alternative EE measures, the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). Methods: The research sample consisted of 56 schizophrenic clients, who were residing in sheltered residences, and 56 professionals. Results: Based on the results of the correlation matrix between all the subscales of the instruments, a significantly positive relationship was found between the criticism scale of the CFI, the total score of the LEE, and the client version of the PCS. These correlations, however, were rather weak, which implies that the three instruments have little in common with each other. The professionals' version of the PCS does not appear to be an EE instrument. Conclusions: The results suggest that the CFI still remains the best instrument for assessing EE in a therapeutic relationship (between a professional and a client). If there is insufficient time to administer the CFI, then the client version of the PCS and the LEE can be used with the qualification that the PCS and LEE also measure other aspects and thus cannot completely replace the CFI. Nevertheless, the research indicates that asking the clients would seem to provide a better indication of the level of the professionals' criticism rather than asking the professionals themselves directly.

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