The positive rate of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is similar in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly in China and globally. In order to control the spread of the epidemic, it is important to find an efficient diagnostic method. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the responses of antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation to disease severity and to evaluate the association between the positive rate of antibody detection and nucleic acid test. Methods: Ninety patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited in this retrospective observational study. Demographic, clinical data, and SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in serum specimens were detected at 4 and 6 weeks after diagnosis. Results: IgM and IgG antibody levels showed a decreased tendency, the titers at week 4 were higher than the titers at week 6: The positive rates of IgM at week 4 and 6 were 92.9% and 67.9%, respectively. The positive rates of IgG at week 4 and week 6 were 100%. No association was found between the positive rate of antibody detection at week 4 or 6 and that of nucleic acid test (P>0.05). No difference between the positive rate of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients was observed. Conclusions: Antibody detection is an effective means in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The titer and positive rate of IgM are lower than those of IgG in the first six weeks after infection. Positive rate of antibodies was not different between severe and non-severe patients.

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Clinical Significance of an IgM and IgG Test for Diagnosis of Highly Suspected COVID-19

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.569266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Xingwang Jia ◽

Pengjun Zhang ◽

Yaping Tian ◽

Junli Wang ◽

Huadong Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Epidemic Disease ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Nucleic Acid Test ◽

Acid Test

Background: Nucleic acid detection and CT scanning have been reported in COVID-19 diagnosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of IgM and IgG testing for the diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19.Methods: A total of 63 patients with suspected COVID-19 were observed, 57 of whom were enrolled (24 males and 33 females). The selection was based on the diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 (trial Sixth Edition) released by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Patients were divided into positive and negative groups according to the first nucleic acid results from pharyngeal swab tests. Routine blood tests were detected on the second day after each patient was hospitalized. The remaining serum samples were used for detection of novel coronavirus-specific IgM/IgG antibodies.Results: The rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid positivity was 42.10%. The positive detection rates with a combination of IgM and IgG testing for patients with COVID-19 negative and positive nucleic acid test results were 72.73 and 87.50%, respectively.Conclusions: We report a rapid, simple, and accurate detection method for patients with suspected COVID-19 and for on-site screening for close contacts within the population. IgM and IgG antibody detection can identify COVID-19 after a negative nucleic acid test. Diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 might be improved by nucleic acid testing in patients with a history of epidemic disease or with clinical symptoms, as well as CT scans when necessary, and serum-specific IgM and IgG antibody testing after the window period.

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Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection

10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Xingwang Jia ◽

Pengjun Zhang ◽

Yaping Tian ◽

Junli Wang ◽

Huadong Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Detection Method ◽

Close Contact ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Negative Group ◽

Nucleic Acid Test ◽

Value Evaluation ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Acid Test ◽

Positive Groups

AbstractQuick, simple and accurate diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 is very important for the screening and therapy of patients. Although several methods were performed in clinical practice, however, the IgM and IgG diagnostic value evaluation was little performed. 57 suspected COVID-19 infection patients were enrolled in our study. 24 patients with positive and 33 patients with negative nucleic acid test. The positive rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid was 42.10%. The positive detection rate of combination of IgM and IgG for patients with COVID-19 negative and positive nucleic acid test was 72.73% and 87.50%. The results were significantly higher than the nucleic acid or IgM, IgG single detection. hsCRP in the COVID-19 nucleic acid negative group showed significantly higher than the positive groups (P=0.0298). AST in the COVID-19 IgM negative group showed significantly lower than the positive groups (P=0.0365). We provided a quick, simple, accurate aided detection method for the suspected patients and on-site screening in close contact with the population.

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IgM/IgG antibody changes in asymptomatic and discharged patients with reoccurring positive nucleic acid test (RP) of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

10.22541/au.159108671.13858622 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Junli Liu ◽

Rui Lian ◽

Guochao Zhang ◽

Baojun Hou ◽

Chuming Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Nucleic Acid Test ◽

Discharged Patients ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Acid Test

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Highlighted Prospects of an IgM/IgG Antibodies Test in Identifying Individuals With Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2020-0310-sa ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Yaqing Li ◽

Qiang He ◽

Rizhen Yu ◽

Hui Jiang ◽

Weizhong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Close Contacts ◽

Nucleic Acid Tests

Context.— Covert severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections could be seeding new outbreaks. How to identify asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections early has become a global focus. Objective.— To explore the roles of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies detection, nucleic acid tests, and computed tomography (CT) scanning to identify asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design.— The clinical data of 389 individuals with close contacts, including in general characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 etiology, serum-specific IgM and IgG antibody detection and CT imaging results, were systematically analyzed. Results.— The present study showed that only 89 of 389 individuals with close contacts were positive after the first nucleic acid test, while 300 individuals were still negative after 2 nucleic acid tests. Among the 300 individuals, 75 did not have pneumonia, and the other 225 individuals had pulmonary imaging changes. A total of 143 individuals were eventually diagnosed as having asymptomatic infection through IgM antibody and IgG antibody detection. The sensitivity, specificity, and false-negative rate of IgM and IgG antibody detection were approximately 97.1% (347 of 357), 95.3% (204 of 214), and 4.67% (10 of 214), respectively. It also indicated that during approximately 2 weeks, most individuals were both IgM positive and IgG positive, accounting for 68.57% (72 of 105). During approximately 3 weeks, the proportion of IgM-positive and IgG-positive individuals decreased to 8.57% (9 of 105), and the proportion of IgM-negative and IgG-positive individuals increased to 76.19% (80 of 105). Conclusions.— There are highlighted prospects of IgM/IgG antibody detection as a preferred method in identifying the individuals with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially combined with nucleic acid tests and pulmonary CT scanning.

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Optimize Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Suspect Cases by Likelihood Ratio of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody

10.1101/2020.04.07.20053660 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Feng Yangchun

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Likelihood Ratio ◽

Posterior Probability ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Nucleic Acid Detection ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Antibody Tests

ObjectiveTo optimize clinical laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 from suspect cases by Likelihood Ratio of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody.MethodsBy reinterpreting the data in the article “Diagnostic Value of Combined Detection of Serum 2019 novel coronavirus IgM and IgG Antibodies in novel coronavirusin Infection”, the positive likelihood ratio of IgM and IgG antibody in diagnosis of COVID-19 (nucleic acid positive patients) was calculated, and the posterior probability of IgM and IgG antibodies and their tandem detection to diagnose was finally calculated.ResultsThe positive likelihood ratios of single IgM and IgG antibody were 18.50 and 12.65 respectively, and the posterior probabilities were 90.18% and 86.26% respectively. However, the posterior probability of the two antibodies tandem detection is 99.15%, which can give clinicians quantitative confidence in the diagnosis of COVID-19 from suspected cases. According to the results of this study, combining the advantages and disadvantages of nucleic acid detection and antibody detection, the clinical pathway for clinicians to diagnose COVID-19 is found.ConclusionFor suspected cases, IgM and IgG antibody tests should be firstly done at the same time. If the antibody tests are all positive, COVID-19 can be confirmed. If not, nucleic acid detection (one or more times) is performed, and in extreme cases, high-throughput viral genome sequencing is performed.

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Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins as targets for IgG antibody detection in severe and mild COVID-19 cases using a Luminex bead-based assay

10.1101/2020.07.25.20161943 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joachim Marien ◽

Johan Michiels ◽

Leo Heyndrickx ◽

Karen Kerkhof ◽

Nikki Foque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Detection Threshold ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels

Large-scale serosurveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will only be possible if serological tests are sufficiently reliable, rapid and inexpensive. Current assays are either labour-intensive and require specialised facilities (e.g. virus neutralization assays), or expensive with suboptimal specificity (e.g. commercial ELISAs). Bead-based assays offer a cost-effective alternative and allow for multiplexing to test for antibodies of other pathogens. Here, we compare the performance of four antigens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in a panel of sera that includes both severe (n=40) and mild (n=52) cases, using a neutralization and a Luminex bead-based assay. While we show that neutralising antibody levels are significantly lower in mild than in severe cases, we demonstrate that a combination of recombinant nucleocapsid protein (NP), receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the whole spike protein (S1S2) results in a highly sensitive (96%) and specific (99%) bead-based assay that can detect IgG antibodies in both groups. Although S1-specific IgG levels correlate most strongly with neutralizing antibody levels, they fall below the detection threshold in 10% of the cases in our Luminex assay. In conclusion, our data supports the use of RBD, NP and S1S2 for the development of SARS-CoV-2 serological bead-based assays. Finally, we argue that low antibody levels in mild/asymptomatic cases might complicate the epidemiological assessment of large-scale surveillance studies.

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Serological detection of 2019-nCoV respond to the epidemic: A useful complement to nucleic acid testing

10.1101/2020.03.04.20030916 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jin Zhang ◽

Jianhua Liu ◽

Na Li ◽

Yong Liu ◽

Rui Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Healthy People ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Nucleic Acid Detection ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Epidemic Area

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. Then it has been reported in more than 20 countries and regions overseas rapidly. More than eighty thousand cases have been infected, resulting in more than three thousand deaths. Due to the limitation of nucleic acid detection, many clinical suspected cases cannot be diagnosed in time.MethodsWe used automated chemiluminescent immunoassay to detect serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV of 736 subjects including confirmed Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, non-COVID-19 fever patients, other disease patients and medical staff as well as healthy people. The dynamic process of antibody production in COVID-19 disease progression were analyzed, and the value of antibody detection in the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated.ResultsCOVID-19 patients were becoming reactive(positive) for specific anti-2019-nCoV IgM antibodies from 7-12 days after the onset of morbidity, followed closely by the IgG. The levels of specific IgM and IgG antibodies increased with the progression of the disease. The trend of IgM and IgG changes in different cases is not exactly the same. The levels of IgM and IgG and their distributions in different groups were different with that of healthy people. The areas under the ROC curves for IgM and IgG to diagnose COVID-19 were 0.988 and 1.000, respectively.ConclusionsSpecific IgM or IgG antibody detection had good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of suspected fever cases. Detection of specific antibodies in patients with fever can be a good distinction between COVID-19 and other diseases in low epidemic area.

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Application of Food-specific IgG Antibody Detection in Allergy Dermatosis

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2015-0067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hu Yine ◽

Dai Shufang ◽

Wang Bin ◽

Qu Wei ◽

Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Detection ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Allergic Dermatitis ◽

Positive Antibody ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Positive Rate ◽

High Incidence Rate ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Specific Igg Antibodies

AbstractThe application of food-specific IgG antibody detection in allergy dermatoses was explored. 181 patients with allergy dermatoses were diagnosed from January to September 2014 and 20 healthy subjects were selected. Fourteen kinds of food-specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA method among all the subjects. The positive rates of IgG antibody of the patient group and the healthy group were respectively 65.2% and 5.0%. The positive rates of IgG antibody of egg, milk, shrimp and crab took a large proportion in three groups of patients with three kinds of allergy dermatoses of urticaria, eczema and allergic dermatitis, the proportion of which was respectively 70.2%, 77.8% and 71.7%. Among urticaria and allergic dermatitis patients with positive antibody, the positive rate of children was significantly higher than that of adults (p<0.05) while there was no significant difference between children and adults among eczema patients with positive antibody (p>0.05). Allergy dermatoses are closely related to food-specific IgG antibodies, and the allergy dermatoses patients have a high incidence rate of food intolerance; detecting IgG antibody in the serum of patients is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of allergy dermatoses.

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Management strategy of Corona Virus Disease-2019 in quarantine zones outside hospitals: Analysis of 1232 cases from a district in Wuhan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28749/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaojian Zhu ◽

Jue Wang ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Yutong Tang ◽

Shu Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Cardinal Number ◽

Nucleic Acid Test ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Discharged Patients ◽

Acid Test

Abstract The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a global pandemic in the early 2020. Management strategy outside hospitals of the suspected cases, close contacts and discharged patients might be as important as treatment in hospital. We analyzed information from 1232 cases at 14 hotels (requisitioned as quarantine zones) in Qiaokou district, Wuhan during Feb 8th to Mar 4th 2020. Abide by the unquarantine and hospitalization standard, 603 (48.94%) cases were released from quarantine zones; 540 (43.83%) cases were sent to hospital for further medical care. 89 (7.22%) cases remained on quarantine up to the end of the analysis. The reasons for cases sent to the hospital for treatment were either positive for COVID-19 nucleic acid test, progression in pulmonary CT scan, or aggravation of symptoms. 11/59 patients switched from negative to positive for nucleic acid test during stayed in quarantine zones after being discharged from the hospitals. In total, hospitalization and positive rate for COVID-19 nucleic acid test both decreased over time. The quarantine measures were important and played a pivotal role in identification of cardinal number, cutting off the transmission, reducing the scope of prevention and rehabilitation therapy. This protocol adopted in Wuhan provided countries worldwide with valuable experience.

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