Toxicity of dodecylpyridinium and cetylpyridinium clorides against phosphate-accumulating bacterium

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Hrenovic ◽  
Tomislav Ivankovic ◽  
Lavoslav Sekovanic ◽  
Mirela Rozic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Dodecylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
P Uptake Rates ◽  
P Removal

AbstractThe antibacterial effect of cationic surfactants against the pure culture of phosphate (P)-accumulating bacterium Acinetobacter junii was investigated. The estimated EC50 values of the N-dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) for growth inhibition was 1.4±0.5 × 10−6 mol L−1 and for the inhibition of the P-uptake rates 7.3±2.6 × 10−5 mol L−1. The estimated EC50 values of the N-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) for growth inhibition was 4.9±1.3 × 10−7 mol L−1 and for the inhibition of the P-uptake rates 7.7±2.9 × 10−6 mol L−1. This suggests the importance of controlling the amounts of cationic surfactants in influent of the wastewater treatment systems in order to avoid the possible failure of the biological P removal from wastewaters.

Toxicity of anionic and cationic surfactant to Acinetobacter junii in pure culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Hrenovic ◽  
Tomislav Ivankovic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
P Uptake Rates

AbstractThe harmful effects of surfactants to the environment are well known. We were interested in investigating their potential toxicity in a pure culture of Acinetobacter junii, a phosphate (P)-accumulating bacterium. Results showed a high acute toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) against A. junii. The estimated EC50 values of the HDTMA for the inhibition of CFUs in the pure culture of A. junii was 3.27 ± 1.12 × 10−7 mol L−1 and for the inhibition of the P-uptake rates 2.47 ± 0.51 × 10−6 mol L−1. For SDS, estimated EC50 values for the inhibition of CFUs in the pure culture of A. junii was 5.00 ± 2.95 × 10−6 mol L−1 and for the inhibition of the P-uptake rates 3.33 ± 0.96 × 10−4 mol L−1. The obtained EC50 values in the standardised yeast toxicity test using Saccharomyces cerevisiae were 3.03 ± 0.38 × 10−4 and 4.33 ± 0.32 × 10−5 mol L−1 for SDS and HDTMA, respectively. These results emphasized the need to control concentrations of surfactants entering the activated sludge system. The negative effects of these toxicants could greatly decrease populations of P-accumulating bacteria, as well as eukaryotic organisms, inhabiting activated sludge systems, which in turn could result in the decrease of the system efficiency.

Phosphorus release and uptake during start-up of a covered and non-aerated sequencing batch reactor with separate feeding of VFA and sulfate

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wu ◽  
T. Hao ◽  
H. Lu ◽  
H. K. Chui ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Release ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

This study explored a sulfur cycle-associated biological phosphorus (P) removal process in a covered and non-aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with volatile fatty acid (VFA) and sulfate separately. During the 60-day start-up, both phosphate release and uptake rates increased, while poly-phosphate cyclically increased and decreased accordingly. The P-release and P-uptake rates were associated with VFA uptake and sulfate reduction. The average ratio of potassium to phosphate during the P-uptake and P-release was also determined to be 0.29–0.31 mol K/mol P, which is close to a reported value (0.33) for biological phosphorus removal. All this evidence confirmed there was biological P removal in this reactor, in which metabolism could be different from conventional biological P removal.

Interactive Effects of Nutrient Reduction and Herbivory on Biomass, Taxonomic Structure, and P Uptake in Lotic Periphyton Communities

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Steinman ◽  
Patrick J. Mulholland ◽  
David B. Kirschtel
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Elimia Clavaeformis ◽  
P Uptake Rates

Four treatments were imposed on eight laboratory streams in a factorial design to examine the roles of nutrient reduction and herbivory on periphyton communities. Treatments included two flow regimes (once-through flow or 90% recirculated water) and two levels of grazer density (1000 or 0∙m−2, using the snail Elimia clavaeformis). Periphyton biomass was significantly greater in streams without snails than in those with them, but water supply had no overall significant effect on biomass, even though inorganic P and N concentrations were significantly lower in recirculated than in once-through streams. Areal-specific P uptake rates (measured with 33P) were significantly greater on two dates in no-snail streams compared with snail streams, presumably because of the greater biomass levels in the former systems. Differences in biomass-specific P uptake rates were not significantly affected by either grazer density or water supply. Relative abundances of most algal species were unaffected by the water supply treatment, although percent biovolume of two Epithemia species was greater in no-snail, recirculated than in no-snail, once-through streams. Grazing activity dramatically reduced the percent biovolume of species with upright growth forms, resulting in dominance by species with prostrate growth forms.

Industrial wastewater as an external carbon source for optimization of nitrogen removal at the “Wschod” WWTP in Gdansk (Poland)

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Swinarski ◽  
J. Makinia ◽  
K. Czerwionka ◽  
M. Chrzanowska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Research Area ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
P Uptake Rates

Carbon source alternatives for denitrification belong to the highest research area priorities as they allow to optimize N removal within the existing capacities. In particular, some food industry effluents appear to be good candidates for such alternatives due to their high C/N ratios and high content of readily biodegradable organic fraction. The aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of dosing different types of industrial wastewater on the denitrification capability of process biomass originating from the “Wschod” WWTP in Gdansk (northern Poland). Three types of industrial wastewater (effluents from a distillery, brewery and fish-pickling factory) were tested in two kinds of batch experiments. The results of this study revealed that the investigated industrial wastewater can be a potential external carbon source to improve denitrification efficiency. The observed single nitrate utilization rates (NURs) were ranging from 2.4 to 6.0 g N/(kg VSS·h) and were comparable to the rates associated with the utilization of readily biodegradable COD in the settled wastewater. When the NURs were measured during anoxic P uptake, the P uptake rates did not appear to be adversely affected by the addition of any carbon source.

Banding phosphorus and ammonium enhances nutrient uptake by maize via modifying root spatial distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Ma ◽  
Hongliang Tang ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Jianbo Shen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
P Uptake Rates

Localised supply of phosphorus (P) plus ammonium improves root proliferation and nutrient uptake by plants grown on calcareous soils, but how nitrogen (N) forms (ammonium and urea) and placements affect maize (Zea mays L.) root distribution and nutrient uptake is not fully understood. A soil column study was conducted with four N and P combinations including P plus urea (UP), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and P plus ammonium sulfate (ASP), and two fertiliser application methods (banding in the 10–25 cm layer or mixing throughout the 45-cm soil profile). Shoot N and P content increased by 11–31% and 14–37% in the treatments with banding P plus ammonium (MAP, DAP or ASP) compared with banding UP and the mixing treatments. Shoot N and P uptake rates per root dry weight or root length were higher with banding P plus ammonium than their respective mixing treatments. Banding P plus ammonium increased root-length density in the fertiliser-banded layer compared with banding UP and the mixing treatments. The results show that modifying root spatial distribution by banding P plus ammonium leads to an increase in N and P uptake rates, and consequently enhances nutrient accumulation by maize.

scholarly journals Growth and specific P-uptake rates of bacterial and phytoplanktonic communities in the Southeast Pacific (BIOSOPE cruise)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2027-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duhamel ◽  
T. Moutin ◽  
F. Van Wambeke ◽  
B. Van Mooy ◽  
P. Rimmelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Cell Abundance ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
P Uptake Rates

Abstract. Predicting heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton growth rates (μ) is of great scientific interest. Many methods have been developed in order to assess bacterial or phytoplankton μ. One widely used method is to estimate μ from data obtained on biomass or cell abundance and rates of biomass or cell production. According to Kirchman (2002), the most appropriate approach for estimating μ is simply to divide the production rate by the biomass or cell abundance estimate. Most of the methods using this approach are expressed using carbon (C) data. Nevertheless it is also possible to estimate μ using phosphate (P) data. We showed that particulate phosphate (PartP) can be used to estimate biomass and that the phosphate uptake rate to PartP ratio can be employed to assess μ. Contrary to other methods using C, this estimator does not need conversion factors and provides an evaluation of μ for both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. We report values of P-based μ in three size fractions (0.2–0.6; 0.6–2 and >2 μm) along a Southeast Pacific transect, over a wide range of P-replete trophic status. P-based μ values were higher in the 0.6–2 μm fraction than in the >2 μm fraction, suggesting that picoplankton-sized cells grew faster than the larger cells, whatever the trophic regime encountered. Picoplankton-sized cells grew significantly faster in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer than in the upper part of the photic zone in the oligotrophic gyre area, suggesting that picoplankton might outcompete >2 μm cells in this particular high-nutrient, low-light environment. P-based μ attributed to free-living bacteria (0.2–0.6 μm) and picoplankton (0.6–2 μm) size-fractions were relatively low (0.11±0.07 d−1 and 0.14±0.04 d−1, respectively) in the Southeast Pacific gyre, suggesting that the microbial community turns over very slowly.

scholarly journals Plant Richness-Biomass Relationships in Restored Northern Great Plains Grasslands (USA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario E. Biondini ◽  
Jack E. Norland ◽  
Carolyn E. Grygiel
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Uptake Rates ◽  
N Use

We investigated plant richness-biomass relationships in tall grass (Field 1, 12 years) and mixed grass (Field 2, 5 years) restoration experiments located in the northern Great Plains grasslands (USA). They were organized as randomized factorial experiments with fertilization rates (N or P) and number of species as factors. Results were as follows: (1) above ground biomass (AGB) increased and year-to-year variability declined with plant species and functional form richness. (2) AGB was higher when the species had various combinations: (a) high relative growth rates, root density, root surface area, N or P uptake rates, and N use efficiency; (b) low root-to-shoot ratio and root plasticity. (3) Biomass stability was positively related to high root surface area in Field 1 and N use efficiency and P uptake rates in Field 2. (4) Invasion of nonseeded species declined with plant species and functional form richness.

Inhibition of Nitrite on Denitrifying Phosphate Removal Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1944-1950
Author(s):  
Dong Chen Weng ◽  
Yong Zhen Peng ◽  
Xiao Xia Wang ◽  
Zhi Jia Miao ◽  
Gui Song Xue
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rates ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Uptake Process ◽  
Uptake Activity ◽  
P Uptake Rates

Poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) could use nitrite as electron acceptor but poorly function compared to oxygen in phosphorus removal. The authors try to figure out the different effects on anoxic and aerobic P-uptake by environmental factors (pH, temperature and nitrite concentration) and identify the real inhibitor in anoxic metabolisms. 26 sets of batch tests were designed, using highly concentrated PAO cultures. The results show pH influence on P-uptake activity are similar in anoxic and aerobic tests, but temperature has strong effects on aerobic P-uptake activity compared to anoxic. pH values were are correlated linearly with nitrite reduction and P-uptake rates instead of FNA. Also, weak correlation between FNA and two reaction rates shows pH rather than FNA is likely the main inhibitor. P-uptake rates are correlated linearly with nitrite reduction and PHA consumption rates. It’s possible that intracellar concentration isn’t affected by FNA diffusion and don’t affect intracellar P-uptake process.

Model based evaluation of plant improvement strategies for biological nutrient removal

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. van Veldhuizen ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
F. A. Brandse
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Biokinetic Parameters ◽  
P Removal

An activated sludge model for biological N- and P-removal was developed, which describes anoxic and aerobic P-uptake based on bacterial metabolism. This model was tested in practice on two wastewater treatment plants, which are BCFS®-processes, which contain activated sludge with a high fraction of denitrifying P-removing bacteria (DPB's). The model appeared to be able to give an adequate description of the performance of these treatment plants under different conditions. If the process parameters are well defined almost no calibration of the biokinetic parameters was necessary. In the simulation of Dalfsen wwtp, which has a complex control scheme, it was possible to give an adequate simulation of the control actions and the concentration profiles in a rather simple way, showing that detailed simulation of these controllers was not necessary. With the calibrated model it was possible to analyse bottlenecks and give suggestions for upgrading of the concerned treatments plants. The simulation results were used in decisions on investments.

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