Chromatic adaptation in lichen phyco- and photobionts

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czeczuga ◽  
Ewa Czeczuga-Semeniuk ◽  
Adrianna Semeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Flavoparmelia Caperata ◽  
Peltigera Canina ◽  
Effect Of Light

AbstractThe effect of light quality on the photosynthetic pigments as chromatic adaptation in 8 species of lichens were examined. The chlorophylls, carotenoids in 5 species with green algae as phycobionts (Cladonia mitis, Hypogymnia physodes, H. tubulosa var. tubulosa and subtilis, Flavoparmelia caperata, Xanthoria parietina) and the chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobiliprotein pigments in 3 species with cyanobacteria as photobionts (Peltigera canina, P. polydactyla, P. rufescens) were determined. The total content of photosynthetic pigments was calculated according to the formule and particular pigments were determined by means CC, TLC, HPLC and IEC chromatography. The total content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids) in the thalli was highest in red light (genus Peltigera), yellow light (Xanthoria parietina), green light (Cladonia mitis) and at blue light (Flavoparmelia caperata and both species of Hypogymnia). The biggest content of the biliprotein pigments at red and blue lights was observed. The concentration of C-phycocyanin increased at red light, whereas C-phycoerythrin at green light.In Trebouxia phycobiont of Hypogymnia and Nostoc photobiont of Peltigera species the presence of the phytochromes was observed.

scholarly journals A Turquoise Mutant Genetically Separates Expression of Genes Encoding Phycoerythrin and Its Associated Linker Peptides

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ort Seib ◽  
David M. Kehoe
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Complementary Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT During complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA), cyanobacterial light harvesting structures called phycobilisomes are restructured in response to ambient light quality shifts. Transcription of genes encoding components of the phycobilisome is differentially regulated during this process: red light activates cpcB2A2, whereas green light coordinately activates the cpeCDE and cpeBA operons. Three signal transduction components that regulate CCA have been isolated to date: a sensor-photoreceptor (RcaE) and two response regulators (RcaF and RcaC). Mutations in the genes encoding these components affect the accumulation of both cpcB2A2 and cpeBA gene products. We have isolated and characterized a new pigmentation mutant called Turquoise 1. We demonstrate that this mutant phenotype is due to a dramatic decrease in cpeBA transcript abundance and results from a lesion in the cpeR gene. However, in this mutant cpeCDE RNA levels remain near those found in wild-type cells. Our results show that the coordinate regulation of cpeBA and cpeCDE by green light can be uncoupled by the loss of CpeR, and we furnish the first genetic evidence that different regulatory mechanisms control these two operons. Sequence analysis of CpeR reveals that it shares limited sequence similarity to members of the PP2C class of protein serine/threonine phosphatases. We also demonstrate that cpeBA and cpeCDE retain light quality responsiveness in a mutant lacking the RcaE photoreceptor. This provides compelling evidence for the partial control of CCA through an as-yet-uncharacterized second light quality sensing system.

scholarly journals The effect of light on the growth of sporelings of the red algae Antithamnion plumula and Brongniartella byssoides

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Boney ◽  
E. D. S. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Complementary Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Accessory Pigment ◽  
Effect Of Light

It was recently suggested (Boney & Corner, i960,1962a) that, contrary to the theory of complementary chromatic adaptation, the accessory pigment phycoerythrin might not be involved in photosynthesis by sporelings of the intertidal red alga Plumaria elegans (Bonnem) Schm. but is used primarily as a means of protecting the plant from excess green light in the wave-band 500–540 mμ. This work, however, was done with one species only, and concerning the wider question of marine red algae in general, it seemed possible that the role of phycoerythrin might vary with ecological distribution. Thus, plants completely submerged and thereby excluded from most red light would use their accessory pigments for photosynthesis (energizing chlorophyll a indirectly); but plants adapted to long periods of normal daylight would be similar to Plumaria in relying to a much greater extent on chlorophyll a alone for photosynthesis, and use their accessory pigments as protection against inhibitory green light.

scholarly journals Influence of light quality on Chlorella growth, photosynthetic pigments and high-valued products accumulation in coastal saline-alkali leachate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-ya Liu ◽  
Yu Hong ◽  
Wen-ping Gu
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Algal Density ◽  
Chlorella Sp

Abstract Using saline-alkali leachate to cultivate microalgae is an effective way to realize the utilization of wastewater and alleviate the shortage of water resources. Light source is usually used as an optimized parameter to further improve the cultivation efficiency of microalgae. In this work, the influence of light qualities on the growth and high-valued substances accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ in coastal saline-alkali leachate were investigated. The specific growth rate of Chlorella in coastal saline-alkali leachate was 0.27–0.60 d−1. At the end of cultivation, the algal density under blue light reached 8.71 ± 0.15 × 107 cells·mL−1, which was significantly higher than the other light groups. The lipid content in the biomass was 29.31–62.95%, and the highest lipid content and TAGs content were obtained under red light and blue-white mixed light, respectively. Percentages of total chlorophylls (0.81–1.70%) and carotenoids (0.08–0.25%) were obtained in the final biomass of the coastal saline-alkali leachate. In addition, the contents of photosynthetic pigments and three high-valued products under mixed light were higher than those of monochromatic light, and the protein, total sugar and starch content under blue-red mixed light was 1.52–3.76 times, 1.54–3.68 times and 1.06–3.35 times of monochromatic blue light and red light, respectively.

scholarly journals The influence of light quality on the shoot proliferation and rooting of Gerbera jamesonii in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gabryszewska ◽  
Ryszard Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
The Media

The effect of white, blue, green, red and UV + white light on the growth and development of shoots and roots of Gerbera jamesonii cv. Queen Rebecca in relation to the presence of kinetin or IAA were investigated. The highest number of axillary shoots was obtained in red and green light on the medium with 5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> kinetin. Also, green and red light markedly increased the number of leaves developed on the plantlets on the medium supplemented with kinetin. Light quality and IAA added to culture medium variously affected the development of root system: roots were regenerated under all light treatments, higher root number was recorded under red light when 5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> IAA was added to the media, the shortest roots were found in red light on the medium supplemented with IAA. The greatest fresh weight of shoots was found under white light on the medium with kinetin. Red light markedly decreased shoot fresh weight on hormone-free medium. Blue and white light caused increase in fresh weight of roots.

scholarly journals Effect of light quality on the cultivation of chlorella pyrenoidosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02033
Author(s):  
Hancheng Guo ◽  
Zhiguo Fang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Effect Of Light

Effect of light quality, including red light, blue light, white light, red and blue mixing light with 8:1, 8:2 and 8:3, on the growth characteristics and metabolite accumulation of chlorella pyrenoidosa was conducted based on light emitting diode (LED). Results showed that chlorella pyrenoidosa grew best under blue light, and the optical density, specific growth rate and biomass of chlorella pyrenoidosa was about 2.4, 0.10 d-1 and 6.4 g·L-1, respectively, while the optical density of chlorella pyrenoidosa was between 1.0 and 1.7, specific growth rate was between 0.06-0.10 d-1 and biomass was between 2.7 and 3.8 g·L-1 under other light quality after 30 days of cultivation. The optical density, specific growth rate and biomass of chlorella pyrenoidosa was approximately 2.05 times, 1.33 times and 2.06 times under blue light than red light, respectively. Moreover, Red and blue mixing light was conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a and carotenoids of chlorella pyrenoidosa, and blue light could promote the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids content of chlorella pyrenoidosa was 13.5 mg·g-1and 5.8 mg·g-1 respectively under red and blue mixing light with 8:1, while it was 8.4 mg·g-1 and 3.6 mg·g-1 respectively under blue light. Red and blue mixing light was more conducive to protein and total lipid content per dry cell of chlorella pyrenoidosa. Protein and total lipid content was 489.3 mg·g-1 and 311.2 mg·g-1 under red and blue mixing light with 8:3, while it was 400.9 mg·g-1 and 231.9 mg·g-1 respectively under blue light.

Control by Light Quality of Chlorophyll Synthesis in the Brown Alga Desmarestia aculeata

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. López-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Starvation Conditions

Abstract The chlorophyll synthesis in the brown algae Desmarestia aculeata is affected by light quality and by the nutrient state in the medium before the illumination. Pulses of 5 min of red, green and blue light together with 200 μM nitrate in plants growing under natural conditions deter­ mined similar induction of chlorophyll synthesis. However, when the plants were incubated previously under starvation conditions the light effect was different. The induction of chlorophyll synthesis was greater after blue and green light than after red light pulses. Red-light photoreceptor was only involved in the chlorophyll synthesis under no nutrient limitations and under starvation conditions after previous illumination with blue light followed by far-red light. The induction of chlorophyll synthesis by green and blue light pulses applied together with nitrate was greater when the algae were incubated in starvation conditions than in natural conditions (normal nutrient state). Because all light effects were partially reversed by far-red light the involvement of a phyto-chrome-like photoreceptor is proposed. In addition, a coaction between blue-and a green-light photoreceptors and phytochrome is suggested.

Underwater light climate and the growth and pigmentation of planktonic blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) II. The influence of light quality

1986 ◽  
Vol 227 (1248) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Blue Green Algae

The influence of light quality on the growth and chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein composition of eight strains of planktonic blue-green algae has been investigated. Growth rate in chromatic (red, green, blue) light (12 μE m -2 s -1 ) (1 μE = 6 × 10 17 photons) is a general function of the light absorption capacity of the cell. In all strains examined growth rate is enhanced in red light, and in Oscillatoria redekei and Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 it exceeds the maximum growth rate possible in white light of a higher photon flux density under otherwise similar experimental conditions. In green light the growth rate of six phycocyanin-rich strains is approximately 60–75% of that in white light (12 μE m -2 s -1 ), but growth rate is enhanced in O. agardhii 7821 and G. echinulata CC1, which synthesize the green-light-absorbing phycobiliprotein, phycoerythrin. With the exception of these two phycoerythrin-producing strains, incubation in blue light results in a pronounced reduction in growth rate, which in the majority of strains is associated with a specific decline in cell chlorophyll concentrations. In all strains cell chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein content is similar in both white and green light. Associated with the enhancement of growth rate in red light there is a general decline in cell pigment concentrations. An increase in the cell chlorophyll: phycobiliprotein ratio also occurs in a number of strains in red light. This qualitative variation in pigmentation occurs where growth rate is at or near its maximum rate and in Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 is the result of a specific reduction in the rate of phycoerythrin synthesis. In contrast to other blue-green algae capable of chromatic adaptation, the modulation of phycoerythrin synthesis in this strain is influenced considerably by the photon flux density of red light.

LIGHT REGULATION OF ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION AND CHALCONE SYNTHASE GENE EXPRESSION IN PETUNIA FLOWERS

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Katz ◽  
David Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Chalcone Synthase Gene ◽  
Active Spectrum ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Effect Of Light

We have previously shown that light is essential for anthocyanin synthesis in detached petunia flowers. In this study, we examined the effect of light quality on anthocyanin accumulation and on the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene chalcone synthase (chs) in the attached petunia flowers. When plants were kept for 48 h in the dark,chsexpression could not be detected. Blue light and red light promoted the expression of the gene to similar levels, whereas the effect of green light was slightly smaller. Neither UV-A nor UV-B radiation were required for anthocyanin accumulation, or for the induction and maintenance ofchsexpression. The results of this study show that light is essential for anthocyanin synthesis in petunia flowers and that its active spectrum includes most of the visible part but not UV radiation.

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