Does the rate of German chamomile growth and development influence the response of plants to soil drought?

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Bączek-Kwinta ◽  
Agnieszka Adamska ◽  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska ◽  
Krzysztof Tokarz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Long Shoots

AbstractThe response of the wild type (WT) and a strain C6/2 of German chamomile to 7-d soil drought and subsequent 7-day rehydration was studied. Shoot and leaf growth, vegetative development, water and protein contents, ascorbate peroxidase activity and gas exchange were compared. At the stress stage, water content of WT plants was slightly influenced and the effect was ceased after rehydration. Also the decrease in gas exchange was temporary. New leaves were formed, although their area was diminished. On the contrary, leaves of C6/2 plants were more desiccated and the durable decrease in water content was accompanied by the impairment in gas exchange also at the recovery stage (20–40% loss when compared to the control). At both stages of the experiment the growth of the long shoots of this genotype was drastically decreased, as well as leaf formation. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was increased by drought in leaves of both genotypes, but the pattern of changes in WT plants reflected the enhancement of metabolism resulting from proper water content and gas exchange at the recovery stage. Different pattern of changes in the protein content during drought was also noticed: a slight increase in WT, while the decrease by ¼ in C6/2 leaves. The response of WT plants to desiccation and rewatering was found to be more elastic than that of C6/2.

scholarly journals Quantification of Water Content and Grace of Succulence in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Cezar Resende Leite Junior
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Water is the liquid of life, given its importance, this fluid is essential in the vegetative development of plants. Thus, the physiological actions of the drugs were made in the form of water, which are among the tasks on the plant can be useful, there is no protoplasm, gas exchange and thermal regulation of plants. Moreover, the relationship between plant, soil and atmosphere is integrally linked to water, which is the essential agent for this system. Due to its importance, it is essential to quantify the amount of water present in the plant, for subsequent physiological and relationship analysis with the soil and the atmosphere. Water content and degree of juiciness were performed in leaf, stem and root organs, comparing the results to better understand the percentage of water present in each organ.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Application and Re-Application on Soil Bulk Density, Porosity, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Content and Soil Water Availability in a Silty Loam Haplic Luvisol

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Toková ◽  
Dušan Igaz ◽  
Ján Horák ◽  
Elena Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Silty Loam

Due to climate change the productive agricultural sectors have started to face various challenges, such as soil drought. Biochar is studied as a promising soil amendment. We studied the effect of a former biochar application (in 2014) and re-application (in 2018) on bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content and selected soil water constants at the experimental site in Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) in 2019. Biochar was applied and re-applied at the rates of 0, 10 and 20 t ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied annually at application levels N0, N1 and N2. In 2019, these levels were represented by the doses of 0, 108 and 162 kg N ha−1, respectively. We found that biochar applied at 20 t ha−1 without fertilizer significantly reduced bulk density by 12% and increased porosity by 12%. During the dry period, a relative increase in soil water content was observed at all biochar treatments—the largest after re-application of biochar at a dose of 20 t ha−1 at all fertilization levels. The biochar application also significantly increased plant available water. We suppose that change in the soil structure following a biochar amendment was one of the main reasons of our observations.

scholarly journals xpression of aquaporin subtypes (GhPIP1;1, GhTIP2;1, and GhSIP1;3) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) submitted to salt stress

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana C C Braz ◽  
Pedro D Fernandes ◽  
Daniela D Barbosa ◽  
Wellison F Dutra ◽  
Carliane R C Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Abstract Salinization leads to several worldwide damages in agricultural regions, mainly in semiarid regions where leaching of salt is poor due to limited and erratic rainfall. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a Malvaceae with wide genetic variability to salt stress. The identification of salinity tolerant genotypes is a dynamic target in a breeding program, and the selection is often based on plant phenotypes. Molecular markers are reliable tools to aid in these selection procedures. Aquaporin (AQPs) are channel proteins that play fundamental role in water relations and tolerance to environmental stresses. Plants have fine regulation of water transport through AQPs activities. In order to evaluate the AQP expressions of different cotton cultivars submitted to salt stress, we use molecular and physiological tools, based on RT-qPCR and gas exchange assays. Seven cultivars were submitted to 95 mM NaCl, started at V3 stage (21 days after emergence), during 72 h. At the end of stress treatment, root tissues were used to total RNA extraction, followed by cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR analyzes. Three sets of specific primers were used, drawn from AQP accessions deposited in NCBI. Additionally, full expanded leaves were used to gas exchange assays and to estimate the relative water content. The dry matter of the shoots was also evaluated. Based on pattern of AQPs transcripts, we found that all semiarid tolerant cultivars (BRS Seridó, 7MH, CNPA MT 2009 152 and BRS 416) showed downregulation of AQP subtypes, mainly GhPIP1;1 and GhTIP2;1 whose action is characterized as tolerant to salinity. The results of gas exchanges, relative water content and dry matter were consistent with the molecular findings in these cultivars, confirming that GhPIP1;1 and GhTIP2;1, located at plasma membrane and vacuoles, respectively, could be adopted as AQP markers for identification of cotton tolerant to salt stress.

The responses of stomata and leaf gas exchange to vapour pressure deficits and soil water content

Oecologia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gollan ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
E. -D. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange

Relationship between Activities of Enzymes for the Removal of O2·- and H2O2 and Nitrogenase in Root Nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Bernhard Epping ◽  
Alexander P. Hansen ◽  
Peter Martin
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Abstract Nodules of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli in symbiosis with Phaseolus vulgaris were compared with regard to their nitrogenase activity and activities of enzymes involved in the removal of O2·- and H2O2 as well as total ascorbate content. Activities of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), and total ascorbate content were consist­ently higher in nodules inhabited by bacterial strains with higher nitrogenase activity. Values for superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.11), and guaiacol peroxidase activity did not differ for the bacterial strains compared. On the other hand, when different plant cultivars were inoculated with the same bacterial strain, high nitrogenase activity did not correlate with a higher activ­ity of the oxygen scavenging enzyms or a higher content of total ascorbate. In this case, values for guaiacol peroxidase activity were greatly enhanced in nodules with lower nitrogen­ ase activity. This may be part of a hypersensitive reaction of the plant cultivar against the bacterial symbiotic partner. Inhibition of catalase activity in the nodules by addition of triazole to the nutrient solution did not alter nitrogenase activity within the first nine hours after addition. It can be concluded that the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase is not generally coupled to nitrogenase activity in root nodules of P. vulgaris.

Water Stressed Nodal Roots of Wheat: Effects on Leaf Growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

This experiment as undertaken to determine the efects of soil drying around the nodal and/or seminal root systems on the shoot growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two split-root experiments were conducted, the first on newly emerged nodal roots of 18-day-old wheat plants, the second on 25-day-old plants. In both experiments, nodal and seminal roots were isolated from one another and water was withheld from either the nodal root chamber, the seminal root chamber, or both, over 6 days. In the first experiment, leaf growth was unaffected by withholding water from very short nodal roots, even though leaf relative water content of the droughted plants decreased. By comparison, both leaf elongation rate and relative water content decreased by withholding water from the seminal roots. On plants that were 1 week older, leaf growth rate and leaf relative water content decreased when nodal roots were drought-stressed. Leaf growth rate of seminal root droughted plants was more impaired than their nodal root counterparts, even though leaf relative water contents of the two treatments were the same. In both experiments, drought stress applied to the nodal root system enhanced nodal root growth more than seminal roots. These results suggest that seminal and nodal roots perceive and respond to drought stress differently with respect to the nature of the message conveyed to the shoots.

Leaf growth and K+/Na+ ratio as an indication of the salt tolerance of three sorghum cultivars grown under salinity stress and IAA treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Azooz ◽  
M. A. Shaddad ◽  
A. A. Abdel-Latef
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Relative Water

The salt tolerance of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars (Dorado, Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113) and their responses to shoot spraying with 25 ppm IAA were studied. Salinity stress induced substantial differences between the three sorghum cultivars in the leaf area, dry mass, relative water content and tolerance index of the leaves. Dorado and Hagen Shandawil tolerated salinity up to 88 and 44 mM NaCl, respectively, but above this level, and at all salinity levels in Giza 113, a significant reduction in these parameters was recorded. The rate of reduction was lower in Dorado than in Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113, allowing the sequence Dorado ? Hagen Shandawil ? Giza 113 to be established for the tolerance of these cultivars to salinity. The differences in the tolerance of the sorghum cultivars were associated with large differences in K+ rather than in Na+, which was found to be similar in the whole plant. The youngest leaf was able to maintain a higher K+ content than the oldest leaf. Consequently the K+/Na+ ratios were higher in the most salt-tolerant cultivar Dorado than in the other sorghum cultivars, and in the youngest than in the oldest leaf. In conformity with this mechanism, the stimulatory effect of the exogenous application of IAA was mostly associated with a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Shoot spraying with IAA partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of salinity on leaf growth and on the K+ and Ca2+ contents, especially at low and moderate levels of salinity, while it markedly retarded the accumulation of Na+ in the different organs of sorghum cultivars. Abbreviations: LA: Leaf area, DM: Dry mass, I Indole acetic acid, RWC: Relative water content,TI: Tolerance index

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