scholarly journals The Impact of Legal Systems on Dividend Payments

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Albi Alikaj ◽  
Aditya Limaye
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Shareholder Protection ◽  
Dividend Payments ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper focuses on the amount of dividends paid to shareholders by companies in different countries and examines whether being in a country where the legal system offers weak shareholder protection affects dividend payments distributed to shareholders. The sample used for this study comprises 8,045 companies from 46 countries. Seven individual factors affecting shareholder protection were examined. Out of the seven factors, only two of them provide a significant relationship with dividend payments, and more specifically, the mechanisms put in place by companies to protect oppressed minority shareholders as well as minimum percentage share of capital in order for the shareholders to be eligible to call an extraordinary shareholder meeting.

scholarly journals Legal systems, internationalization and corporate sustainability. An empirical analysis of the influence of national and international authorities

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Hörisch ◽  
Roger Leonard Burritt ◽  
Katherine L. Christ ◽  
Stefan Schaltegger
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainability Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Sales ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to compare the influence of different legal systems on corporate sustainability management practices. Against the background of growing internationalization of business activities, it additionally considers whether internationalization allows companies to circumvent the influence of national authorities. Design/methodology/approach Three legal systems are compared using regression analyses of more than 200 large corporations in five countries: common law (USA and Australia), German code law (Germany) and French code law (France and Spain). Findings The impact of national and international authorities is found to be strongest in French code law countries. In addition, the influence of international authorities is stronger for corporations with higher shares of international sales. For both national and international authorities, the degree of internationalization is found to moderate the influence of the legal system on corporate sustainability practices. Practical implications The legal system in place influences the relative effectiveness of national and international authorities over company sustainability practices and needs to be taken into account in policymaking. To be effective, international authorities need to work with or substitute for national authorities in promoting corporate sustainability practices in countries depending on their legal systems. Originality/value This research applies and quantitatively tests La Porta’s (1998) framework on legal systems in the new context of corporate sustainability.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of the ECHR on National Legal Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Keller ◽  
Alec Stone Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
Domestic Level

This chapter discusses the impact of the ECHR in 18 national legal orders. Topics covered include the reception of the ECHR into domestic law and practice, inputs into the ECHR legal system (applications) and the most important outputs (judgements of the Court and other decisions), the Court's impact on national legal systems, how the evolution of certain structural features of the Convention has complicated the reception process at the domestic level, and the future of the Court.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Ability and Motivation Factors on the Failure of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Mirzaye ◽  
Reza Aghajan Nashtaei
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Guilan Province

Abstract The effect of small and medium-sized enterprises through entrepreneurship, revenue growth and creation of employment opportunities on the global economy is undeniable. Although these enterprises enjoy some strength like flexibility and compatibility in comparison to larger enterprises, they face a lot of problems which have kept their failure rate high. Therefore, in order to have proper and principled policy and plan to achieve economic development it is important to identify the factors affecting the failure of small businesses.This study aims to investigate the effect of two individual factors of ability and motivation on the failure of small and medium-sized businesses by studying 30 unsuccessful companies located in Industrial towns of Guilan province by presenting a questionnaire among managers and employees. In this paper, SPSS16 software was used for data analysis and to access the answers of the research questions. According to the results, the impact of sanctions and inflation on motivation was considered as the most significant motivational factor and lack of resources management and being considerate of other’s abilities were regarded as the most important ability factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Indicators, Industrialization and Pollutant Emissions (CO2) on Economic Development in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (SI) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Saliza Sulaiman ◽  
Zahariah Sahudin ◽  
Zuraidah Ismail ◽  
Hazirah Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this research is to identify whether there is any relationship between economic indicators, industrialization and pollutant emissions (CO2) on economic development in Malaysia. Economic indicators consist of government debt, health and education expenditure. This paper used Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Method to test the factors affecting the economic development. The data collection for each variable are collected from year 1980 until 2014 for 35 years in Malaysia. The result of the study shows that industrialization and pollutant emission (CO2) have a significant relationship on economic development. Meanwhile, government debt, health and education expenditure do not have a significant relationship on economic development. These finding will help to understand the effect of independent variables towards the dependent variable (economic development)

scholarly journals Politicо-legal system: structure, components and functions

2021 ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
Vera Yavir
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Іntroduction. For the first time, based on the study of the interaction of political and legal systems, the politicо-legal system is structured, its structure, components and functions are identified. The politicо-legal system is a methodological tool designed to facilitate the study and understanding of the interdependence of policy and law. The politicо-legal system previously have been studied separately within two sciences - political science and jurisprudence. Both systems turned out to be separated on a theoretical level, although in practice they are interconnected. Paying no attention to this interconnection at the scientific level has a negative impact on the quality and effectiveness of the regulation of public relations. The successful functioning of any state governed by the rule of law is impossible without a harmonious combination, coordinated interaction of politics and law in the management of the state and society. Therefore, the aim of the article is to structure the politicо-legal system and identify its components, to clarify the functions. The study of such multilevel, hierarchical and interconnected phenomena, the connection between which has been ignored for a long time, requires the consideration of these objects as complex systems. With the help of this method the following definition of the politicо-legal system is proposed in article. The politicо-legal system is a complex supersystem in which political and legal systems interact. It is a multilevel, complex, interconnected set of interactions and interrelations of politicо-legal institutions and legal means designed to regulate politicо-legal relations, and politicо-legal phenomena arising from this regulation, which ensures the stability and development of politicо-legal sphere . Conclusions. The study of the structure, components, functions of the politicо-legal system system makes it possible to understand its essence, which is manifested in the interaction of law and politics, the peculiarities of the impact on society, the relationship with the internal and external environment. Prospects for further research in this area are inexhaustible, since the theory of political and legal system is just beginning to get scientific shape within the interdisciplinary science - legal political science.

scholarly journals The New Legal Regime on Minority Shareholder Protection in Albania

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonida Rustemaj
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Minority Shareholder ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Shareholder Protection ◽  
Minority Shareholder Protection ◽  
The Law

This article aims at introducing the main changes brought by the new Albanian Company Law on minority shareholders’ protection. Due to the harmonization of our legislation with the acqui, new pieces of laws were introduced in commercial law. In 2008 the new law “On entrepreneurs and commercial companies” was enacted. The latter introduced new practices and concepts, some of them not familiar to the Albanian legal system. I was motivated to write a paper on minority shareholders protection in order to emphasize the new regime and instruments of protection granted by the new laws. A matter which concerns investors and especially foreign ones is the protection of minority shareholders. This paper discusses the instruments of protection of minority shareholders bringing the novelties of the newly introduced laws because of the unclear regime under the repealed law using the analytical and comparative method. Few rights which were known by the former Albanian company law were usually compromised, but under the law in force, minorities are much more protected.Does the new law strengthen the position of such category of shareholders? What are the rights of minority shareholders conferred by the law? These and other questions will be addressed herein.

Missed nursing care and its relationship with perceived ethical leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 096973302110068
Author(s):  
Gülşah Gürol Arslan ◽  
Dilek Özden ◽  
Gizem Göktuna ◽  
Büşra Ertuğrul
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Missed Care ◽  
Missed Nursing Care ◽  
The Impact

Background: Determination of the factors affecting missed nursing care and the impact of ethical leadership is important in improving the quality of care. Aim: This study aims to determine the missed nursing care and its relationship with perceived ethical leadership. Research design: A cross-sectional study. Participants and research context: The sample consisted of 233 nurses, of whom 92.7% were staff nurses and 7.3% were charge nurses, who work in three different hospitals in Turkey. The study data were collected using a personal and professional characteristics data form, the Missed Nursing Care Survey, and the Ethical Leadership Scale. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the non-interventional ethics committee of Dokuz Eylül University Ethics Committee for Noninvasive Clinical Studies. All participants’ written and verbal consents were obtained. Findings: The most missed nursing care practices were ambulation, attending interdisciplinary care conferences, and discharge planning. According to the logistic regression analysis, sex, the number of patients that the nurse is in charge of giving care, the number of patients discharged in the last shift, and satisfaction with the team were determined as factors affecting missed care. No significant relationship was found between ethical leadership and missed nursing care (p > 0.05), and a weak but significant relationship was found between the clarification of duties/roles subscale and missed nursing care (r = −0.136, p < 0.05). Discussion: Ethical leaders should collaborate with policy-makers at an institutional level to particularly achieve teamwork that is effective in the provision of care, to control missed basic nursing care, and to organize working hours and at the country level to determine roles and to increase the workforce. Conclusion: The results of this study contribute to the international literature on the most common type of missed nursing care, its reasons, and the relationship between the missed care and ethical leadership in a different cultural context.

scholarly journals The international legal basis for implementation of judgments of the european court of human rights into the domestic legal system

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Guliam Umid
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
National Courts ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Impact

An analysis of the international legal bases of implementation of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights to the national legislations of the member states of the Council of Europe is carried out. Such implementation takes various forms, and in general there is no single implementation mechanism. At the same time, the importance of implementing decisions of the European Court of Human Rights lies in the state's fulfillment of its obligations both to the world community of states and to its own citizens. Forms and methods that ensure the progressive development of national law, taking into account the practice of international courts, are considered. The synthetic research method determines the impact of ECtHR decisions on the structure of national law, which stimulates the transformation of its entire branches. It is demonstrated, how the ECtHR promotes the formation of progressive legal institutions in legal systems, exerting organizational and civilizational influence on the legal systems of states. It is emphasized, that the principle of legal certainty, by which the international court assesses vague and insufficiently clear provisions of national law, is fundamental for the implementation of the case law of the ECtHR into national laws. With this influence, the ECtHR determines the nature of lawmaking and law enforcement in a country. As a result, it is concluded, that the most effective mechanism for implementing the principle of legal certainty in a state is the adoption of general measures, contained in the pilot decisions of the ECtHR. The second important mechanism is the application of the rules of law by national courts, taking into account the case law of the ECtHR, which ensures the interpretation of human rights rules in a way that is most acceptable to the national legal system

The Scottish Legal System

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article by Stuart Reid and Janice Edwards of Maclay Murray & Spens, focusses on three areas of the Scottish legal system: the Scottish courts system; the impact of devolution in Scotland and some examples of differences between the Scottish and English legal systems.

scholarly journals SYNERGETICS AS A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF SOCIAL, LEGAL, HISTORICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Kudin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this publication is synergetics as a methodological approach to the study of social, legal, historical and legal systems, and the aim is to identify its characteristics as a methodological approach. Methods such as philosophical dialectics, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, synergetic, systemic, comparative historical, special legal, etc. were used in the study. As a result, it is concluded that synergetics is considered by scientists as a scientific picture of the world, independent science, methodology, interdisciplinary approach, private science theory, general scientific theory, scientific paradigm, so today it is in a state of formation. It was found that as a methodological approach, synergetics directs efforts to the scientific study of such an aspect of development as "self-organization", as well as the self-organization of such a part of matter as systems of different nature, meeting the criteria of complexity, openness, dissipation, to study the self-organization of systems within the scheme: "order" – "chaos" – "order". It is proved that in the study of social systems the main task of the synergetic approach is to identify a peculiar type of patterns of social self-organization, which differ from the patterns of self-organization in natural systems. It is substantiated that the synergetic approach has a number of heuristic possibilities in the study of some legal systems and in general directs efforts to identify the specifics of the laws of self-organization in the legal sphere, the implementation of the mechanism of legal self-organization as a result of mutual transitions of the legal order and chaos. It is revealed that the specific problems that arise when using this approach are the definition of "legal chaos", the identification of the mechanism of exchange of "legal information, matter and energy" between the legal system and the "environment", the essence of the synthesis of legal order and chaos. It is concluded that the synergetic approach has features in the study of historical and legal systems in the field of comparative history of law, which are due to the limitation of the "historical plane" of research and identify the impact of fluctuations on certain scenarios. It is determined that the nonlinearity of the evolution of historical and legal systems determines the perception of the view of the comparative history of law as an alternative and multivariate process. This allows the development in the field of alternative comparative history of law: the search for alternative in the future potentially positive options for the development of historical and legal systems. At the same time, the basis should be the modelling of comparative situations with the inclusion of the past and taking into account the impact of the future on the present. It is proved that the application of a synergetic approach in comparative and historical legal research, where the object is historical and legal systems, has a number of specific problems. It has been found that such problems are the discovery of the essence of the exchange between the "historical and legal system" and the "environment" of matter, information, energy; restrictions on the use of mathematical methods; search for criteria for distinguishing between objective and subjective factors that have influenced the choice of this particular "scenario" at the bifurcation point; delimitation of self-organization of structural elements of the system and their organization as a consequence of administrative intervention.

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