scholarly journals Termite Mound Soils for Sustainable Production of Bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mosisa Legese ◽  
Tesfaye Geneti Kenate ◽  
Fekadu Fufa Feyessa
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Optimum Firing

Abstract The article presents the alternative use of termite mound soils (TMSs) as full replacement for clay soils in brick production. TMSs from two localities, Jawaj and Sene, in Ethiopia were investigated for bricks production. The TMSs samples contained high SiO2 and Al2O3. The TMSs bricks were fired at different temperatures from 500 to 1,000°C. The obtained mean compressive strengths (σ), 18 and 14 MPa, were observed for bricks made from TMSs from Jawaj and Sene, respectively, at the optimum firing temperature of 700°C. The σ of TMSs bricks decreased as the firing temperature increased above 700°C, while for conventional clay soil brick, the σ increased with temperature beyond 700°C. The water absorptions and saturation coefficients of fired TMSs bricks decreased with increased firing temperature. The TMSs bricks meet the standard specification of dimension tolerance only along the height. All the TMSs bricks made from the two localities were not efflorescent. TMSs from Jawaj and Sene sites can be used as a raw material to replace the long-used clay soils for bricks production as a construction material for houses construction in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Consumer demand for novel fruit and vegetable products with extended shelf-lives in East Africa – a multinational multi-product analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Johanna Tepe ◽  
Marwan Benali ◽  
Dominic Lemken
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Vegetable Products

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the potential of products made out of underutilized fruits and vegetables for closing seasonal nutritional gaps among rural and urban consumers in East Africa. Design: The multinational analysis combines sensory testing and experimental auctions to assess consumers’ perceptions and willingness to pay for six different fruit and vegetable products. Setting: Open markets in rural and urban areas in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Participants: There were 939 male and female adults who were at least 18 years old. Results: Tobit models for each product show that besides sensory perception, similar sociodemographic characteristics influence consumers’ willingness to pay for these products in all three countries. The products are especially liked among younger, male, and urban consumers. Conclusion: We conclude that there is demand and a market for processed fruit and vegetable products based on indigenous raw material in East Africa. The products, thus, have promising potential to improve nutrition, especially during off-season conditions when access to fresh produce is limited.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF RURAL-URBAN LINKAGE IN ACEH SINGKIL DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Hilda Syahrani ◽  
Agus Purwoko ◽  
Rujiman Rujiman
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Aceh Singkil District is an agricultural area whose the economic activities are dominatated by the farm. There are indications that the economic linkages between rural and urban area have not fully supported the oil-palm farm activities. It resulted the regional development process did not run optimally, so that, it has not made a significant contribution to the public’s welfare. This study aims to identify the economical linkage between the rural and urban areas in Aceh Singkil District. This study used a qualitative approach with the data collection methods through interviews that were descriptively analyzed. The economical linkage can be seen from the capital flow, the shopping flow, the raw material flow, the intermediate goods flow, and the income flow. Based on the linkages between urban and rural areas, it is related to the condition of regional development in Aceh Singkil District. The results showed that the economical linkage were well-established is the shopping flow, while the capital flow was less bind up with villages in the urban area. There were also the raw material flow, the intermediate goods flow, and the income flow that were not absolutely interrelated. The intermediate good flow was binding up with the outside region, so that the acquisition of added value entered other areas. The implication from the conditional linkage of rural and urban areas in the regional development context is that the rural and urban areas are less functionally intertwined. It resulted the high poverty rates in Aceh Singkil District.Keywords: Regional Development, Economical Linkage, Rural-Urban Areas, Oil-PalmKabupaten Aceh Singkil merupakan daerah pertanian yang kegiatan ekonominya didominasi perkebunan. Terdapat indikasi bahwa keterkaitan ekonomi antara perdesaan dan perkotaan belum sepenuhnya mendukung aktivitas perkebunan kelapa sawit. Hal ini mengakibatkan proses pembangunan daerah tidak berjalan dengan optimal sehingga belum memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keterkaitan ekonomi antara perdesaan dan perkotaan di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Keterkaitan ekonomi ditinjau dari aliran modal, aliran belanja, aliran bahan baku, aliran barang setengah jadi, dan aliran pendapatan. Berdasarkan keterkaitan antara perdesaan dan perkotaan tersebut lalu kaitkan dengan kondisi pengembangan wilayah di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterkaitan ekonomi yang terjalin dengan baik yakni aliran belanja, sedangkan aliran modal kurang terjalin dengan desa-desa yang berada di perkotaan. Adapun aliran bahan baku, aliran barang setengah jadi dan aliran pendapatan sama sekali tidak terjalin. Bahkan, aliran barang setengah jadi terjalin menuju keluar wilayah sehingga perolehan nilai tambah masuk wilayah lain. Implikasi dari kondisi keterkaitan perdesaan dan perkotaan dalam konteks pengembangan wilayah yakni wilayah perdesaan dengan perkotaan kurang terjalin secara fungsional. Hal ini mengakibatkan tingginya angka kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil.           Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Wilayah, Keterkaitan ekonomi, Perdesaan Perkotaan, Kelapa Sawit

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

Literacy and Education: Fifth Release From the 1961 Census of Pakistan (Review Article)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Jamila Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age And Sex

This review of the Literacy and Education Bklletin1 of the 1961 Census is fourth in the series of review articles published in this journal2. The Bulletin under review forms a part of the interim report on the characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It gives information on the number of illiterate and literate persons by age and sex for rural and urban areas on division and district basis; illiterate and literate.population in selected cities and towns; and the educational levels attained by the literate population by age and sex for divisions and districts. Relevant statistical notes and statements precede the tables in the Bulletin. The objective of this review is to describe the meaningfulness and significance of literacy statistics. To this end, a distinction is made between formal and functional levels of literacy. Comparisons of the 1951 and 1961 census figures are undertaken to indicate the progress of literacy and education during the past decade with reference to the effect of intercensal rate of population growth on such progress. Certain questions regarding the reliability of data are raised, which emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of literacy statistics.

MULTI - DIMENSIONAL ROLE OF A PHARMACIST IN HOSPITAL: A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Singh S ◽  
Virmani T ◽  
Virmani R ◽  
Geeta . ◽  
Gupta J
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Hospital Pharmacist ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

The objective of this study was to point out multi-dimensional role of a pharmacist with a special emphasis on the hospital pharmacist. Apharmacist is a person who is involved in designing, creating or manufacturing of a drug product, dispensing of a drug, managing and planning ofa pharmaceutical care. They are experts on the action and uses of drugs, including their chemistry, pharmacology and formulation. Theprofessional life of a hospital pharmacist might seem insignificant as compared to that of doctors, but actually they are highly trained healthprofessionals who plays important role in patient safety, patient compliance, therapeutic monitoring and even in direct patient care. With thepassage of time and advancements in health care services and pharmaceuticals, the role of a hospital pharmacist has become more diversified. Toa career, a hospital pharmacist must possess a diploma/degree in pharmacy from an accredited pharmacy college and must be registered with thestate pharmacy council of their respective region. In this study, we have assessed the behavior, communication skills, qualifications of thepharmacist, prescription handling ability and other factors to evaluate the diversified role of hospital pharmacist and their comparison withpharmacists practicing in rural and urban areas. Current surveys show that the pharmacists are not practicing as per the standard due to lack ofproper guidelines and watch over their practicing sense. The rules and guidelines prescribed by the Food and drug administration (FDA) andIndian pharmacopeia commission (IPC) were not followed by the pharmacist.

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