scholarly journals Informational Support of Civilian Intelligence for Heavy Industry (Including Machine Industry) and the Energy Sector in the Polish People’s Republic in the Years 1970–1990

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-173
Author(s):  
Mirosław Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Technical Intelligence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Industry ◽  
Global Aspect ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
Intelligence Service

Summary Throughout the existence of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR), its scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) supported Polish mining, energy, metallurgy, and machine industries. Cooperation with companies and research and development centers intensified in the first half of the 1970s, as a natural consequence of the experience accumulated by the intelligence service in the previous fifteen years. The most crucial issues related to the improvement of secret methods of acquiring technologies for the Polish economy were defining the scope of the tasks, i.e. the types of technologies which can be acquired by intelligence or purchased in the black market, selecting objects, (i.e. institutions and organizations with the required knowledge), and recruiting personal sources of information in western facilities. Apart from acquiring specific solutions S&TI also developed analyses related to specific countries, as well as to specific technologies in the global aspect or to international corporations that possessed the technologies. Furthermore, S&TI was engaged by the Polish government to provide information to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade during trade negotiations with foreign contractors. Author draws the history of Polish S&TI during the 70s and 80s, showcasing its operations, explaining its modus operandi and discussing the question about the efficiency of illicit transfer of know-how from OECD for the purposes technical progress in communist Poland. Article bases on recently declassified documents of Polish intelligence service from the pre-1990 period. There are moreover other archival records as well as secondary sources explored.

scholarly journals The Ecological and Ethical Consumption Development Prospects in Poland Compared with the Western European Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Koszewska
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Western European ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Development Prospects

An overview of the Western European literature shows that one of the most distinct trends in consumption that has been noted in the recent years is globally increasing environmental and social awareness. The issue of consumers' behaviours and attitudes towards "socially responsible products" has been gaining importance in Polish economy as well. This article evaluates the development prospects of ethical and ecological consumption in Poland vis-a-vis Western European countries. The comparative analysis being part of the article utilizes primary sources of information, i.e. interviews with a representative sample of Polish adults, as well as secondary sources of information. A factor analysis or, more precisely, a principal component analysis, allowed dividing Polish consumers into groups that were typologically homogeneous in respect of their sensitivity to various aspects of business ethics and ecology.

scholarly journals Emigration of Nepalese People and Its Impact

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Economic Journal ◽  
To Receive

 This paper reflects the emigration history of Nepalese people and their destinations with role of remittances in country of origin (Nepal). The number of emigrants and share of remittances in terms of GDP has been increased but at the same time various negative impacts have been emerged in Nepalese society. In addition trade deficit has been increased and Nepalese emigrants who are working abroad are not being able to receive their rights at their working place. Discriminations in terms of earning and other privileges are common for Nepalese emigrants and due lack of skills, trainings and low level of education mainly 3D (Difficult, Dirty, Dangerous) jobs secured at their working places, as a result the earning/remittances are also low. This paper is based on secondary sources of information and briefly explains the history of emigration and its impacts in socio-economic sectors of Nepal. Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 19 & 20 No. 1-2 (2015) Combined Issue, Page: 77-82

scholarly journals Działalność Poselstwa RP w Oslo w latach 1946–1947

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-130
Author(s):  
Emilia Denkiewicz-Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Government

The activity of the Polish Legation in Oslo in the years 1946–1947 is one of the most important and, at the same time, one of the most difficult periods in the history of Polish-Norwegian relations. The introduction explains the reasons for such a late sending of a Polish representative, Mieczysław Rogalski, to Norway. Section I presents the biography of Rogalski as well as the experience he gained while working for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The next section describes the negative attitude that the Polish diplomat had during his contacts with the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Utenriksdepartementet), especially in relation to further repatriation of Poles, which was started in autumn 1945 by the liaison officers of the Polish government in exile. Section III presents the diplomatic successes Rogalski had in his relations with Norwegian politicians and also indicates how good his orientation in Norway’s foreign policy was. Finally, the last section contains a description of Legation problems regarding mutual exchange of decorations and orders between Poland and Norway, including in particular political activities connected with the organization of celebrations commemorating the victory at Narvik.

scholarly journals PELARIAN VIETNAM : SATU ISU GLOBAL DALAM SEJARAH HUBUNGAN LUAR MALAYSIA[VIETNAMESE REFUGEES : A GLOBAL ISSUE IN THE HISTORY OF MALAYSIA FOREIGN AFFAIRS]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syahrul Alim Baharuddin ◽  
Azlizan Mat Enh
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Vietnamese Refugees ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Malaysian Government

This paper aims to provide insights into the issue related to Vietnamese refugees in Malaysia which became a global issue from 1975 to 1991. The study addresses major factors that contribute to the problem, and diplomatic relation between Malaysia and Vietnam that influences Malaysian government to assist in resolving the issue of Vietnamese refugees. Data were generated through the analysis of documents obtained from primer sources including reports from United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), official records from Malaysian government such as Official Statement of Parliament, and Report of Bidong Island Submission Ceremony to Terengganu Government as well as secondary sources (i.e. scholars’ studies on Vietnam). The findings suggest that the Vietnamese refugees issue occurred due to domestic factors that prompt the Vietnamese to flee to neighbouring countries in the region. In particular, political, economy and social factors are inter-related in disrupting the stability and peace of the country. The presence of refugees in Malaysia is a serious matter as it challenges sovereignty and national security of Malaysia.Keywords: refugees, Vietnam, Malaysia, global issue, factor, history.Cite as: Baharuddin, S.A & Mat Enh, A. (2018). Pelarian Vietnam: Satu isu global dalam sejarah hubungan luar Malaysia [Vietnamese refugees: A global issue in the history of Malaysia foreign affairs]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(1), 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss1pp1-18  AbstrakKertas kerja ini bermatlamat memahami isu pelarian Vietnam yang pernah melanda Malaysia dan menjadi isu global bermula dari tahun 1975 hingga 1991. Tumpuan utama penganalisaan dan penelitian diberikan terhadap faktor yang membawa kepada berlakunya masalah pelarian Vietnam serta hubungan yang terjalin antara Malaysia dan Vietnam sehingga mendorong Malaysia membantu menyelesaikan masalah pelarian Vietnam. Bagi menghuraikan persoalan ini, pendekatan analisis digunakan dengan merujuk kepada sumber primer iaitu laporan daripada United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), rekod-rekod rasmi Malaysia seperti Penyata Rasmi Parlimen dan Laporan Majlis Penyerahan Balik Pulau Bidong kepada Kerajaan Terengganu selain sumber sekunder iaitu kajian para sarjana mengenai negara Vietnam. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa isu pelarian Vietnam berlaku disebabkan oleh faktor dalam negara itu sendiri yang mempengaruhi rakyat untuk lari ke negara jirannya di rantau ini. Faktor politik, ekonomi dan sosial saling berkait antara satu sama lain yang mengganggu kestabilan dan keamanan di negara itu. Sehubungan itu, kehadiran pelarian di Malaysia adalah isu yang serius kerana ia menyumbang kepada masalah kedaulatan dan keselamatan Malaysia.Kata kunci : Pelarian, Vietnam, Malaysia, isu global, faktor, sejarah. 

Examining the entry of Walmart into South Africa: A stakeholder management perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Tembinkosi Bonakele ◽  
Dave Beaty ◽  
Fathima Rasool ◽  
Drikus Kriek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

The recent entry of the US multinational Walmart into South Africa has proved to be a source of controversy. Key stakeholders in South Africa objected to the merger and attempted to block it unless certain conditions were met. The aim of this study was to examine the controversy and the conditions surrounding the merger. The research employed a qualitative archival analysis to examine publicly available sources of information with regard to the merger. The findings revealed key stakeholders’ concerns that Walmart’s entry would lead to an increase in imports which would displace local producers, increase unemployment, marginalise trade unions and lower labour standards unless certain conditions were met. The results also revealed problems relating to the firm’s primary focus on “business” while neglecting “public interest” issues, naively relying on their “local retailer” to manage key stakeholders, and assuming that their perceived controversial reputation regarding treatment of trade unions and their views about unemployment as well as the controversies surrounding their history of entry into other global markets would not have the major negative impact it did on stakeholders in South Africa.

Foreign Labour Migration, Economic Growth and Remittances in Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwer
Keyword(s):  
Working Environment ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Push And Pull

This paper examines the history and current situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal, which is in increasing trend. This paper highlights on some major push and pull factors, impacts of labour migration and remittances. The role and impacts of remittances in Nepal are also another key issue of this paper. The objective of paper is to discuss historical aspects and highlights the role of remittances in Nepal. The paper is developed with the help of secondary sources of information and discussed only on Nepalese foreign labours. The existing exploitative working environment in destinations of Nepalese migrations labpurs, lack of skills and trainings among labour migrants including government to government agreement between labour sending (Nepal) and labour receiving countries to protect rights of labour migrants also has been discussed. This paper also highlights the need of effective foreign labour policies based on scientific research. There is need of reliable and proper environment of investment of remittances in productive sectors as well as use of migrant's skills and knowledge to achieve prosperity of nation.

Pentecostalism and African diaspora : a case study of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Rotimi Williams Omotoye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Church Of God ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

Pentecostalism as a new wave of Christianity became more pronounced in 1970's and beyond in Nigeria. Since then scholars of Religion, History, Sociology and Political Science have shown keen interest in the study of the Churches known as Pentecostals because of the impact they have made on the society. The Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) was established by Pastor Josiah Akindayomi in Lagos,Nigeria in 1952. After his demise, he was succeeded by Pastor Adeboye Adejare Enock. The problem of study of this research was an examination of the expansion of the Redeemed Christian Church of God to North America, Caribbean and Canada. The missionary activities of the church could be regarded as a reversed mission in the propagation of Christianity by Africans in the Diaspora. The methodology adopted was historical. The primary and secondary sources of information were also germane in the research. The findings of the research indicated that the Redeemed Christian Church of God was founded in North America by Immigrants from Nigeria. Pastor Adeboye Enock Adejare had much influence on the Church within and outside the country because of his charisma. The Church has become a place of refuge for many immigrants. They are also contributing to the economy of the United States of America. However, the members of the Church were faced with some challenges, such as security scrutiny by the security agencies. In conclusion, the RCCGNA was a denomination that had been accepted and embraced by Nigerians and African immigrants in the United States of America.

Битвазапрошлое:храмсвятогоГеоргия вИзраавэпицентре церковно-политическойборьбыконцаXIXв.

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
E.M. Kopot`
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.

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