scholarly journals Działalność Poselstwa RP w Oslo w latach 1946–1947

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-130
Author(s):  
Emilia Denkiewicz-Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Government

The activity of the Polish Legation in Oslo in the years 1946–1947 is one of the most important and, at the same time, one of the most difficult periods in the history of Polish-Norwegian relations. The introduction explains the reasons for such a late sending of a Polish representative, Mieczysław Rogalski, to Norway. Section I presents the biography of Rogalski as well as the experience he gained while working for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The next section describes the negative attitude that the Polish diplomat had during his contacts with the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Utenriksdepartementet), especially in relation to further repatriation of Poles, which was started in autumn 1945 by the liaison officers of the Polish government in exile. Section III presents the diplomatic successes Rogalski had in his relations with Norwegian politicians and also indicates how good his orientation in Norway’s foreign policy was. Finally, the last section contains a description of Legation problems regarding mutual exchange of decorations and orders between Poland and Norway, including in particular political activities connected with the organization of celebrations commemorating the victory at Narvik.

scholarly journals Sinergi Kementerian Luar Negeri dan Kementerian Pertahanan dalam Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Subagyo ◽  
Yusep Ginanjar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
International Issues

In the history of Indonesia’s foreign policy, there are often differences in attitudes between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Defense in responding to international issues. The Ministry of Defense seems to act unilaterally and pays little attention to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in expressing attitudes and views regarding Indonesia’s foreign policy. There are disagreements between two ministries that cause polemics and pros and cons in government circles which eventually evaporate in public space. This paper analyzes the lack of synergy between the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in addressing international problems, which seem to work independently. This paper argues that a one-door policy in Indonesian foreign policy is needed, where the Ministry of Foreign Affairs must be positioned as the only door in the formulation and implementation of foreign policy, which the Ministry of Defense must submit to and comply with and synergy with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in foreign policy issues.

Daugavpils musically dramatic theatre (1959-1962)

2013 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Silvija Geikina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Deputy Minister ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Theatre Company ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
The City

The history of Daugavpils Dramatic Theatre is one of the most original and peculiar theatre histories in Latvia. To begin discussing it, historians usually mention the Russian Theatre led by the colonel and the main engineer of Daugavpils Fortress Nikolaj Hagelstrom in 1850s. It was operating for several decades collaborating with tsarist Russian army troops staying at Daugavpils Fortress. During the times of Latvian independency from 1920s to 40s there was a successfully operating Daugavpils Latvian Theatre Company in the city. Russian audiences attended Latvian shows in great numbers and supported Russian amateur theatres which were very active in this period of time. After the Second World War, Daugavpils Latvian Theatre did not resume itself. The reasons for liquidating the Latvian Company in Daugavpils included the decrease of Latvian population, and the negative attitude of Latvian SSR Ministry of Culture and the council of Daugavpils regarding Latvian cultural activities in Latgale. This attitude changed a little in the late 1950s. It had become more favourable, which was wisely and diplomatically taken advantage of by Voldemars Kalpins – Latvian SSR deputy minister of culture at the time and the minister of culture and foreign affairs from 1959 to 1962. A popular viewpoint during those years was that creating a Latvian theatre in Daugavpils would not be just a creation of an art building, but would in fact serve a great purpose then and in the future – saving Latvian culture and identity in Latgale. This brings to a conclusion that the operation of Daugavpils Musically Dramatic Theatre (1959-1962) is closely connected to the socio-political situation in Latvia during 1950s and to the beginning of the national- communistic movement. The communist party of the time made a number of decisions about maintaining Latvian language and culture. Special attention was paid to recreating Latvian culture in Latgale. After the defeat of the national-communistic movement and the dismissal of many leading party members in early 1960s, the support for Latvianising Latgale diminished. After not receiving the needed support from neither the leading republic officials nor from the city of Daugavpils, the theatre was forced to close down. The aims of the study: to explore the Daugavpils Musically Dramatic Theatre activities since its creation in 1959 until its closure in 1962; to find out the socio-political situation in Latvia during the end of 1950s leading to the possible emergence of a new theatre in Latgale; get to know the theatre’s repertory policy, dramatic and musical troupes and their building principles as well as theatrical artistic explorations during 1950s/60s. The used methods: media analysis method and interview.

The study of appeasement: methodological crossroads or meeting-place?

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
World System ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Global System ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The study of modern international relations is carried on, essentially, by two main types of scholars: diplomatic historians, and political scientists. There may be other types, like economists and sociologists, who recognize and take account of the importance of international politics in their own fields of study; but foreign affairs, and the processes that take place within the global system of relations, are not of central concern to them. By contrast, diplomatic historians (by which is meant here, not merely those who research into the rather narrow past actions of diplomats alone, but also those interested in the history of foreign policy and_what has affected it) would simply not exist if there was no perception and acceptance of international relations as a field of study; and this would be equally true of that well-defined sub-division of political science which has as its essential concern the analysis of relations between nation-states and of other ‘actors’ in the world system.

scholarly journals Sejarah Perkembangan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia Masa Pasca Reformasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nasihatul Mila ◽  
Fatma Vida ◽  
Depict Pristine Adi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
New Order ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

ABSTRAKStudi ini mengkaji tentang sejarah perkembangan politik luar negeri Indonesia masa pasca reformasi. Politik luar negeri Indonesia merupakan setiap kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia yang diambil dalam menjalankan hubungan dengan dunia  internasional demi mencapai tujuan nasional. Sejarah dan perkembangan politik luar negeri di Indonesia mengalami perubahan yaitu dimulai sejak awal kemerdekaan, pada masa pemerintah Soekarno dan Moh Hatta, hingga pada masa sekarang yakni pemerintahan Jokowi. Perubahan politik luar negeri Indonesia dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi negara, kepemimpinan pada masa tersebut dan dinamika situasi internasional. Namun, disini penulis berfokus pada masa pasca reformasi, karena pada masa itu struktur dan strategi politik luar negeri Indonesia mulai berubah, terdapat restrukturisasi lembaga Kementerian Luar Negeri menjadi lebih terbuka dan transparan. Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan politik luar negeri Indonesia pada masa pasca reformasi. Dengan tulisan ini diharapkan dapat mengetahui arah kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia pada masa setelah berakhirnya orde baru tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan, di mana penulis mengumpulkan informasi yang relevan dengan topik yang menjadi objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia pada masa pasca reformasi masih menggunakan formula yang sama dengan pemerintahan-pemerintahan sebelumnya, namun dalam era ini demokrasi dipandang lebih ditegakkan dari pada sebelumnya. Pemerintah selalu berusaha membuat kebijakan-kebijakan yang harus disesuaikan dengan situasi di dalam maupun di luar negeri dengan tetap berpegang pada prinsip bebas-aktif tanpa meninggalkan aspirasi masyarakat. Dengan begitu, pemerintah telah memperjuangkan berbagai kepentingan nasional terhadap dunia Internasional dengan maksud mencapai tujuan nasional.Kata kunci: Masa Pasca Reformasi, Politik Luar Negeri  AbstractThis study examines the history of the development of Indonesia's foreign policy in the post-reform era. Indonesia's foreign policy is every policy of the Government of Indonesia taken in carrying out relations with the international world in order to achieve national goals. The history and development of foreign policy in Indonesia underwent a change that began from the beginning of independence, during the Soekarno and Moh Hatta governments, to the present, namely the Jokowi government. Changes in Indonesia's foreign policy can be influenced by state conditions, leadership at the time and the dynamics of the international situation. However, here the author focuses on the post-reform era, because at that time the structure and strategy of Indonesia's foreign policy began to change, there was a restructuring of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs institutions becoming more open and transparent. This paper seeks to explain the history of the development of Indonesia's foreign policy in the post-reform era. With this paper, it is expected to find out the direction of Indonesia's foreign policy in the period after the end of the new order. This study uses a literature study method, in which the author collects information relevant to the topic that is the object of research. The results showed that Indonesia's foreign policy in the post-reform era still used the same formula as previous governments, but in this era democracy was seen as being more enforced than before. The government is trying to make policies that must be adapted to the situation at home and abroad by sticking to the principle of free and active without leaving the aspirations of the people. That way, the government has championed various national interests towards the international world with the intention of achieving national goals.Keywords: Foreign Policy, Post-Reformation Period

scholarly journals THE CULTURAL COMPONENT OF DIPLOMATIC RECEPTIONS IN THE USSR (1941–1945)

10.23856/4223 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Oksana Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
Concert Programs

An important component of the foreign policy activity of state, public and political figures is participation in official government receptions that have informative and communicative functions. The repertoire policy of concert programs of diplomatic receptions built in such a way not only to inform about state priorities in the field of culture, but also to create a special socio-cultural environment conducive to constructive communication. The researcher analyzed the content of concert programs of government receptions, which organized during the visits to the Soviet Union by W. Churchill, Charles de Gaulle, I.B. Tito. The researcher describes a festive reception at the Reception House of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs on Spiridonovka in Moscow on November 7, 1943, which organized in honor of the anniversary of the October Revolution, with the participation of the diplomatic corps, political and military elite, literary and art workers. Studying the Soviet diplomatic protocol during this period expands our knowledge not only in the field of the history of diplomatic relations, but also allows us to judge the peculiarities of the development of Soviet culture, its dependence on the tastes of the leaders and party ideology. The materials of the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation (Fund 057 – “Protocol Department”) used as sources.

scholarly journals Informational Support of Civilian Intelligence for Heavy Industry (Including Machine Industry) and the Energy Sector in the Polish People’s Republic in the Years 1970–1990

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-173
Author(s):  
Mirosław Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Technical Intelligence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Industry ◽  
Global Aspect ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
Intelligence Service

Summary Throughout the existence of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR), its scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) supported Polish mining, energy, metallurgy, and machine industries. Cooperation with companies and research and development centers intensified in the first half of the 1970s, as a natural consequence of the experience accumulated by the intelligence service in the previous fifteen years. The most crucial issues related to the improvement of secret methods of acquiring technologies for the Polish economy were defining the scope of the tasks, i.e. the types of technologies which can be acquired by intelligence or purchased in the black market, selecting objects, (i.e. institutions and organizations with the required knowledge), and recruiting personal sources of information in western facilities. Apart from acquiring specific solutions S&TI also developed analyses related to specific countries, as well as to specific technologies in the global aspect or to international corporations that possessed the technologies. Furthermore, S&TI was engaged by the Polish government to provide information to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade during trade negotiations with foreign contractors. Author draws the history of Polish S&TI during the 70s and 80s, showcasing its operations, explaining its modus operandi and discussing the question about the efficiency of illicit transfer of know-how from OECD for the purposes technical progress in communist Poland. Article bases on recently declassified documents of Polish intelligence service from the pre-1990 period. There are moreover other archival records as well as secondary sources explored.

scholarly journals His Contribution to the Development of Ukrainian Diplomacy should not be forgotten

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Yurii Bohaievsky ◽  
Ihor Turianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The United Nations

The article is dedicated to Heorhiy H. Shevel, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Soviet Ukraine from August of 1970 to November of 1980.The authors presented sincere recollections about this well known person, under whose leadership they began their diplomatic service that lasted for several decades. The decision to share those memories with readers of Diplomatic Ukraine was prompted by the fact that on May 9 this year was Mr. Shevel`s 100 anniversary. Unfortunately, neither the researchers of the history of Ukrainian diplomacy, nor those in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diplomatic Academy paid the necessary tribute to this event. The authors of the article focus on the fact that with no previous experience in foreign policy matters Mr. Shevel managed in the conditions of a totalitarian Soviet system to realize important ideas in the interests of the Ukrainian diplomatic service and its development. From the very start of his duties as Minister of Foreign Affairs he undertook many practical steps to promote and improve the professional skills of his subordinates, to ensure their perfect command of foreign languages and to provide the Ministry`s staff and Ukraine`s permanent missions at the United Nations in New York, UNESCO in Paris and at other international organizations with a skilled personnel. Moreover, despite essential dependence on the policy of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Shevel also succeeded in ensuring more visible results of participation of the Ukrainian SSR in the activities of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and in the International Labour Organization. During his term as Minister for Foreign Affairs, representatives of the Ukrainian SSR were elected 37 times to the governing bodies of various international organizations, their sessions and conferences. As an evidence of substantial resurgence of Ukrainian diplomacy of the said period is the fact that the Ukrainian SSR also signed and ratified 64 multilateral international documents. Minister Shevel also paid particular attention to establishing Ukraine`s image abroad as one of the original members of the United Nations, by promoting its achievements in scientific, cultural and humanitarian fields, as well as to strengthening ties with Ukrainian communities in various foreign countries. This very important component of its work the Ministry of Foreign Affairs accomplished in close cooperation with two public organizations – the Society for ties with Ukrainians abroad (Society Ukraina) and the Ukrainian Society for friendship and cultural relations with foreign countries. Minister H. Shevel was also the initiator of the construction in Kyiv of several buildings to locate Consulates–General of Eastern-European states. Nowadays, these buildings are used by diplomatic missions of respective foreign states accredited in independent Ukraine. The authors of the reviewed article are confident that despite various fabricated and often unfounded conclusions about the Ukrainian diplomacy of the Soviet period the irrefutable fact is that during Minister Shevel`s years it acquired and strengthened the necessary practical experience and professional diplomatic skills. Therefore, they support as indisputable the conclusion made several years ago by one of the researchers of the history of National diplomacy that “it would be incorrect to consider the 1970s of the past century as such that passed off in vain for the Ukrainian foreign-policy office”.30 years have passed since the untimely death of Heorhiy H. Shevel on July 17, 1989. Being a man of his times and performing highly responsible duties of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, in actually limited framework, he was at the same time a peculiar and extraordinary personality. And as such a figure he will always remain in the memory of all who knew him well and had the opportunity to work under his management. Because memory, emphasize the authors of the noted article, means first and foremost the ability not to forget the past. And this, they remark, is what the present generation of Ukrainian diplomats must keep in view and never forget. Keywords: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ukrainian diplomacy, foreign policy, international organizations, diplomatic service, memory.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

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