scholarly journals Limnic Rendzinas in the Mazurian Lakeland (NE Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Bożena Lemkowska ◽  
Paweł Sowiński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
New Type

Abstract Several shallow lakes have been drained to make way for additional arable land or pasture in the Mazurian Lakeland (NE Poland) since the 19th century. As a result of these hydrotechnical works, the water level usually decreased by approximately 6 m. Bottom sediments of the former lakes were transformed into surface limnic soils. Part of them, developed from highly calcareous gyttja, may be called limnic rendzinas. However, the present position of these soils in the Polish Soil Classification is unclear. Where the lake has undergone a natural terrestrialisation, the gyttja is covered with peat and mursh. The raw gyttja soils differ in type of organic matter forming the topsoil horizon and are subject to further transformation, the direction of which depends on the sequence of sediments in the profile, mursh formation, mineral admixture and adjoining colluvial phenomena. Common features of all these soils are high content of calcium carbonate in the surface horizons, alkaline reaction, high groundwater level and periodical flooding. The paper presents the variability of limnic rendzinas based on many examples from the Mazurian Lakeland (NE Poland). Finally, new type additions were suggested to the next edition of the Polish Soil Classification.

scholarly journals Initial study of Eucalyptus Wood Ash (EWA) as a mineral admixture in concrete

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (208) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álisson Franco do Couto ◽  
Geovana Souza Ferreira Nogueira ◽  
Gersson Fernando Barreto Sandoval ◽  
Nicole Schwantes-Cezario ◽  
Gilson Morales
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
The Times

This study evaluated the possibility of using in natura Eucalyptus Wood Ash (EWA) from aviary furnaces as a mineral admixture in concrete. The ash was 100 mesh-sieved and added to the mix in 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the cement bulk. Physical analysis unveiled that EWA has a specific gravity higher than other organic originated residues, whereas its BET specific surface area is not enough to enhance its filler and/or pozzolanic effects. Chemically, the residue presented a low organic matter rate and a SAI below the minimum required by the Brazilian standards. EWA interfered in the times of cement set, increasing them, while FTIR unveiled mainly the presence of calcium carbonate bonds. The admixture compromised the concretes mechanical performance, leading to the conclusion that the sieving procedure of EWA alone is not enough do admit its usage as a mineral admixture.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution Of Lead, Zinc And Chromium In The Bottom Deposits Of Lake Sunia

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Sidoruk ◽  
Angela Potasznik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Bottom Deposits

Abstract Various elements are accumulated in bottom deposits in concentrations that significantly exceed the levels observed in lake water. Under certain conditions, this can lead to secondary contamination of water, posing threat to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of Pb, Zn and Cr pollutants in the bottom deposits of Lake Sunia. The investigated water body is situated in the Olsztyn Lakeland western part of the Masurian Lakeland), approximately 30 km north of the city of Olsztyn, in the municipality of Swiatki. The lake has a total area of 111.6 ha and a maximum depth of 8.8 m. The inflow to and the outflow from lake are situated in its south-western and north-western part, respectively. The lake features a bay which is separated from the main water body by a shallow zone. Its catchment area comprises mainly agricultural land. The total area of supply of lake is 450 ha of which inflow catchment area is 70 ha. Most of the catchment area is agricultural land (91%), and in particular arable land, the rest of the area (5%) are the barren, and trees (4%). the area of the lake is dominated by power-sandy loam soil in the passing sands and clay loam strong little sandy. In terms of particle size are a summary of the soil that is difficult permeable to water and nutrients. Taking into account the valuation of soil classification in the vast quantities of soil are included in the class IVa, IIIa and IIIb. The average content of organic matter in the lake was determined at 24%. Significant accumulation of organic matter results from intense inflow of biogenic substances from farmed areas in the catchment. The average concentrations of trace elements in the analyzed water body were arranged in the following series: Cr < Pb < Zn, and their ratios were determined at 8.1 < 22.9 < 45.2. Higher levels of heavy metals were observed the profundal zone, whereas lower concentrations of the analyzed elements were noted in littoral zone sediments.

scholarly journals The Influence of Finely Ground Mineral Admixture (FGMA) on Efflorescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ong Ming Wei ◽  
Norsuzailina Mohamed Sutan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Carbonate Formation

Efflorescence phenomenon on concrete is not new and found in the form of white deposits on surfaces of concrete. Incorporation of Finely Ground Mineral Admixture (FGMA) in concrete to prevent occurrence of efflorescence is based on reduction of portlandite, densified microstructure and thus enhanced watertightness. The magnitude of efflorescence in term of percentage of calcium carbonate formation of FGMA modified mortar were evaluated at water-cement ratio of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 with 10%, 20%, and 30% of cement replacement by weight. The samples were tested with chemical analysis at 7, 14, 21, 28, 60 and 90 days. The FGMA additions into mortar were comparing with ordinary mortar to evaluate enhanced performance of FGMA modified mortar toward efflorescence. The results of this experiment showed that addition of FGMA into mortar caused less formation of calcium carbonate as partial replacement of cement with certain w/c ratio and percentage of cement replacement.

scholarly journals Classification of brown earths based on field and laboratory properties: Problematic issues and proposition of their solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Ryszard Mazurek ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Content Determination

<p class="Default">In this paper, the current problems associated with the classification of brown earths, are presented. According to the Polish Soil Classification (PSC) (1989, 2011), base saturation is the main parameter for identifying eutrophic and dystrophic brown soils. In practice, however, it is not possible to determine the base saturation value in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the base saturation using a regression equation and create a field guide for brown earths, based on the pH value, measured using a Hellige indicator, and the calcium carbonate content. Determination of the pH ranges enabled the classification of brown earth types in the field. These results suggest that pH can be used as a proxy for base saturation especially in the field. A change in the hierarchy of soil (sub)types is proposed for the new Polish Soil Classification.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of changing land use in the Netherlands on net carbon fixation.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolf ◽  
L.H.J.M. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Average Amount

The changed crop rotation on arable land, the decreasing grassland area and the increase in forest area in the Netherlands resulted in a decrease in C pool size. For the calculation of this C pool a method requiring only three input data (average amount of crop or tree residue rate, soil organic matter decomposition and the humification coefficient) has been applied. However the method can only be applied to situations in equilibrium where all three input data are equal. For a changing land use a new state of equilibrium and rate of change in C pool size can be calculated. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of variable content of organic matter and carbonates on results of determination of granulometric composition by means of Casagrande’s areometric method in modification by Prószyński

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Warzyński ◽  
Agnieszka Sosnowska ◽  
Andrzej Harasimiuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Variable Content ◽  
Practical Conclusion

Abstract The paper discusses the issue of the admixtures’ effect on results of granulometric composition determinations by Casagrande’s areometric method in modification by Prószyński. An experiment was conducted involving preparation of samples with known granulometric composition and determination of their composition by means of the aerometric method. Three types of samples were prepared: base (control), containing organic matter, and containing carbonates. Results of the determinations showed a considerable effect of the admixture of organic matter and calcium carbonate on the accordance of determinations, depending on their percent content. The study results also confirmed known dependencies of disturbances in proportions between the sandy and silty-clayey fraction. A practical conclusion from the research is the determination of the threshold of the organic matter and carbonates percent content at which the determination should be absolutely preceded by processes of mineralisation and decalcification.

Leys and soil organic matter:III. The accumulation of macro-organic matter in the soil under different swards

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Garwood ◽  
C. R. Clement ◽  
T. E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Grazed Swards ◽  
Mesh Sieve

SUMMARYMacro-organic matter (roots and partially decomposed plant debris retained on a 0·25 mm mesh sieve) was measured in soils under various swards. Under a grazed perennial ryegrass/white clover sward, sown on arable land, macro-organic matter in the top 15 cm of soil rose steadily in the first 8 years to 15·8 t/ha, but subsequently declined. Under arable cropping there was great variation with crop and season. Under grass, most of the macro-organic matter accumulated in the top 2 cm of soil, particularly during the first 3 or 4 years. More macro-organic matter was found under perennial ryegrass/white clover than under cocksfoot/white clover swards.After 3 years under grass macro-organic matter accounted for 10% of the total soil carbon, and represented about half the increase in soil carbon.Half, or less, of the nitrogen which accumulated in soil under grass was in the macroorganic matter fraction. The differences between swards which received no N fertilizer and those which received 940 kg/ha over 3 years was small, 16–40 kg N/ha respectively for cut and frequently grazed swards. The ratio of C:N in macro-organic matter under different swards averaged 22:1.

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