Spatial Distribution Of Lead, Zinc And Chromium In The Bottom Deposits Of Lake Sunia

Abstract Various elements are accumulated in bottom deposits in concentrations that significantly exceed the levels observed in lake water. Under certain conditions, this can lead to secondary contamination of water, posing threat to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of Pb, Zn and Cr pollutants in the bottom deposits of Lake Sunia. The investigated water body is situated in the Olsztyn Lakeland western part of the Masurian Lakeland), approximately 30 km north of the city of Olsztyn, in the municipality of Swiatki. The lake has a total area of 111.6 ha and a maximum depth of 8.8 m. The inflow to and the outflow from lake are situated in its south-western and north-western part, respectively. The lake features a bay which is separated from the main water body by a shallow zone. Its catchment area comprises mainly agricultural land. The total area of supply of lake is 450 ha of which inflow catchment area is 70 ha. Most of the catchment area is agricultural land (91%), and in particular arable land, the rest of the area (5%) are the barren, and trees (4%). the area of the lake is dominated by power-sandy loam soil in the passing sands and clay loam strong little sandy. In terms of particle size are a summary of the soil that is difficult permeable to water and nutrients. Taking into account the valuation of soil classification in the vast quantities of soil are included in the class IVa, IIIa and IIIb. The average content of organic matter in the lake was determined at 24%. Significant accumulation of organic matter results from intense inflow of biogenic substances from farmed areas in the catchment. The average concentrations of trace elements in the analyzed water body were arranged in the following series: Cr < Pb < Zn, and their ratios were determined at 8.1 < 22.9 < 45.2. Higher levels of heavy metals were observed the profundal zone, whereas lower concentrations of the analyzed elements were noted in littoral zone sediments.

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Soil organic matter stocks and spatial distribution in the Rio Grande de Arecibo watershed.

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v94i1-2.2582 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 94 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽

Lionel Cruz ◽

Luis R. Pérez-Alegría

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Soil Classification ◽

C Sequestration ◽

Mapping Unit

This research evaluated the influence of land use and soil classification, as stratified by taxonomic soil order, on the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) of the Rio Grande de Arecibo (RGA) watershed, Puerto Rico. The objectives were to quantify the present state of SOC and of SON stocks and potential C sequestration capability of the watershed to 1 -m depth. Samples were taken from representative soils of the watershed occupying 39,361 ha (or 87.3% of the total watershed area) under secondary forest, pasture, or agricultural land use. Soils of the watershed store 5.02 x 106 Mg of SOC and 0.48 x 106 Mg of SON at a depth of 100 cm. The weighted mean SOC and SON contents of the 0- to 15-cm layer of the watershed were 4.33 kg C/m2 and 0.390 kg N/m2, respectively, whereas at 0 to 100 cm it was 11.13 kg C/m2 and 1.08 kg N/m2, respectively. The soil mapping unit x land use interaction represented the best area-wide estimates of soil organic matter because there was improved resolution on a spatial scale. Forest and pasture soils contained higher amounts of SOC (12.8 and 9.79 kg C/m2, respectively) (P < 0.05) than soils under cropland (7.90 kg C/m2) for the 0- to 100-cm depth. The 0- to 15-cm SOC was ranked as Oxisols = Ultisols > Inceptisols, with values of 5.85, 4.77, and 3.18 kg C/m2, respectively (P < 0.05); and for the 0 to 100 cm, were ranked as Oxisols > Ultisols > Inceptisols, with values of 18.3,13.3, and 6.71 kg C/m2, respectively. We estimate that an additional amount of 46,627 Mg C could be sequestered within the watershed if 50% of the agricultural or pasture land were reverted to forest. This estimate represents a modest 1.0% increase above the current watershed C level.

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Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Fluorescence Spectra of Dissolved Organic Matter in Plateau Lakes -- A Case Study of Qinghai Lake

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1084038/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Li ◽

Zhenghui Fu ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Yunyan Guo ◽

Feifei Che ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Lake Water ◽

Water Body ◽

Mean Value ◽

Qinghai Lake ◽

Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽

The Mean ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a great influence on the main pollution indexes of lakes (such as COD). Therefore, DOM research is the basis for understanding the water environmental quality and the law of pollutant migration and transformation in the basin. In this study, the water quality monitoring data of Qinghai Lake water body and 8 rivers around the lake from 2010 to 2020 were collected, and the dissolved organic matter (DOM) was synchronously sampled in May, September and October 2020. The optical characteristics of DOM, the temporal and spatial distribution of CDOM and the fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence component characteristics of FDOM were analyzed and studied. The results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the annual mean value of CODCr of Qinghai Lake water body fluctuates in the range of Class III to Class V according to the environmental quality standard of the surface water, and shows a downward trend first and then an upward one. In general, the mean value of CODCr concentration in Qinghai Lake water body is at a high level and varies slightly among different months. (2) The mean value of CODCr concentration of the eight main rivers entering Qinghai Lake from 2010 to 2020 can be sorted from lowest to highest as follows: Ganzi River, Buha River, Jilmeng River, Hargai River, Shaliu River, Quanji River, HeMa River, and DaoTang River. (3) The concentration of CDOM in Qinghai Lake shows not only obvious seasonal variation (October, September and May, in the descending order) but also spatial variation. (4) The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum matrix data of DOM in Qinghai Lake were analyzed by PARAFAC model, and four DOM fluorescence components with single maximum emission wavelength were analyzed.

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MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOIL AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN EROSION STUDIES

Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Geology ◽

10.17721/1728-2713.85.08 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Kruglov ◽

О. Menshov ◽

P. Nazarok ◽

L. Kolada ◽

V. Kolada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Frequency Dependence ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Humus Content ◽

Arable Land ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Additional Tool

Water erosion of the soil is a major factor in the degradation of agricultural land in Ukraine. About 13 million hectares of arable land need additional protection. The study of the influence of the mentioned hazard processes is important both for the scientists and land endusers. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of soil magnetic susceptibility mapping in erosion studies. The comparison with traditional methods is implemented. The studies were carried out at the territory of Farm Enterprise "Phoenix" of the Bliznyukovsky district of the Kharkiv region at the distance of 6 km to the southeast of the Lozova. The study site is used for crop production. The relief of the site is complicated by the developed ravine network. The soil is ordinary chernozems (Haplic Chernozems in WRB classification). We have registered high correlation between magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the studied chernozems and humus content (organic matter). The Spearman correlation coefficient slightly depends on the frequency magnetic susceptibility coefficient. The results give the opportunity to recommend soil MS studies as the additional tool in soil erosion mapping. The magnetic measurements are expensive and fast for the humus (organic matter) identification of eroded soil. The relation of the values of soil MS and the value of potential soil loss at the studied area was low. The study of the magnetic mineralogy confirmed the absence of the anthropogenic soil pollution. We confirmed this by the values of the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility which were above 6. The domination of the superparamagnetic (SP) grains with the size less than 20 nm was confirmed by the values of the frequency dependence of magnetic too. The majority of the MS values are 10-20. The magnetic minerals of the studied soil have been formed in real time under the pedogenic (natural soil formation) process.

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Limnic Rendzinas in the Mazurian Lakeland (NE Poland)

Soil Science Annual ◽

10.2478/ssa-2018-0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 109-120

Author(s):

Bożena Lemkowska ◽

Paweł Sowiński

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Arable Land ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Mineral Admixture ◽

Present Position ◽

Common Features ◽

Ne Poland ◽

Alkaline Reaction ◽

New Type

Abstract Several shallow lakes have been drained to make way for additional arable land or pasture in the Mazurian Lakeland (NE Poland) since the 19th century. As a result of these hydrotechnical works, the water level usually decreased by approximately 6 m. Bottom sediments of the former lakes were transformed into surface limnic soils. Part of them, developed from highly calcareous gyttja, may be called limnic rendzinas. However, the present position of these soils in the Polish Soil Classification is unclear. Where the lake has undergone a natural terrestrialisation, the gyttja is covered with peat and mursh. The raw gyttja soils differ in type of organic matter forming the topsoil horizon and are subject to further transformation, the direction of which depends on the sequence of sediments in the profile, mursh formation, mineral admixture and adjoining colluvial phenomena. Common features of all these soils are high content of calcium carbonate in the surface horizons, alkaline reaction, high groundwater level and periodical flooding. The paper presents the variability of limnic rendzinas based on many examples from the Mazurian Lakeland (NE Poland). Finally, new type additions were suggested to the next edition of the Polish Soil Classification.

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Justification of the need to increase the fertility of reclaimed alluvial soils of JSC «Moskovskoe»

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2019-5-44-48 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Andrey ilinsky ◽

Alexander Nefedov ◽

Konstantin Evsenkin

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Fertility Restoration ◽

Research Work ◽

Alluvial Soils ◽

Ecological Stability ◽

Reclaimed Land ◽

Adverse Weather

Global climatic changes, technogenic pollution by pollutants, violations of technologies of exploitation of reclaimed land lead to a decrease in fertility and soil degradation of agricultural land. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in a lack of adequate flood water, and economic difficulties in agriculture make it difficult to fill the deficit of organic matter and macronutrients in reclaimed alluvial soils. The monitoring of agrochemical properties of alluvial meadow medium-loamy soil of the stationary site (reclaimed lands of JSC «Moskovskoye» of Ryazan region), located in the floodplain of the Oka river, conducted by the Meshchersky branch of Vniigim, showed the presence and intensification of degradation changes in the soil. Thus, comparing the agrochemical indicators in the layer 0–20 cm, carried out in 1995, with the indicators of 2019, it should be noted a decrease in soil fertility. The decrease in soil quality was expressed in a decrease in the amount of mobile phosphorus by 37.6 %, mobile potassium by 53.3 %. Also, during this time there was a decrease in organic matter by 9.1 %, and an increase in soil acidity was 0.6 pH. As a result of such changes, soils lose ecological stability and become more vulnerable to adverse weather and negative anthropogenic impacts. In such a situation, advanced agricultural techniques should be actively used to obtain guaranteed, environmentally safe crop yields and restore the fertility of degraded reclaimed soils. In this regard, there is a need to develop innovative methods of fertility restoration of degraded alluvial soils in reclaimed lands using multi-component organic-mineral ameliorants. Meshchersky branch performs research work in addressing this issue.

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy Environment and Ecology ◽

10.24321/2455.3093.202006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Amita M Watkar ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Attributes ◽

Essential Components ◽

Agricultural Land Management ◽

Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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Spatial Distribution and Evaluation of Arsenic and Zinc Content in the Soil of a Karst Landscape

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126976 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6976

Author(s):

Dimitrios E. Alexakis ◽

George D. Bathrellos ◽

Hariklia D. Skilodimou ◽

Dimitra E. Gamvroula

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Urban Soil ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Evaluation ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

North West ◽

Total Study Area

Karst features such as polje are highly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic pollution. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the soil quality in the Ioannina polje (north-west Greece) concerning arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn), and delineate their origin as well as compare the As and Zn content in soil with criteria recorded in the literature. For this purpose, the geomorphological settings, the land use, and the soil physicochemical properties were mapped and evaluated, including soil texture and concentrations of aqua-regia extractable As and Zn. The concentration of elements was spatially correlated with the land use and the geology of the study area, while screening values were applied to assess land suitability. The results reveal that 72% of the total study area has a very gentle slope. This relief favors urban and agricultural activity. Thus, the urban and agricultural land used cover 92% of the total area. The spatial distribution for As and Zn in the soil of the study area is located on very gentle slopes and is strongly correlated with the geological parent materials and human-induced contamination sources. Arsenic and Zn can be considered enriched in the soil of the area studied. The median topsoil contents (in mg kg−1) for As (agricultural soil 16.0; urban soil 17.8) and Zn (agricultural soil 92.0; urban soil 95.0) are higher compared to the corresponding median values of European topsoils. Land evaluation suitability concerning criteria given from the literature is discussed. The proposed work may be helpful in the project of land use planning and the protection of the natural environment.

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Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Bean Crop Soil in Trichoderma spp. Development

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽

Alejandra J. Porteous-Álvarez ◽

Sergio Mezquita-García ◽

Álvaro Rodríguez-González ◽

Guzmán Carro-Huerga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Species

Spain has ranked 6th on the harvested bean area and 8th in bean production in the European Union (EU). The soils of this area have mixed silt loam and sandy loam texture, with moderate clay content, neutral or acidic pH, rich in organic matter and low carbonate levels, providing beans with high water absorption capacity and better organoleptic qualities after cooking. Similar to other crops, it is attacked by some phytopathogens. Hitherto, chemical methods have been used to control these organisms. However, with the Reform of the Community Agrarian Policy in the EU, the number of authorized plant protection products has been reduced to prevail food security, as well as to be sustainable in the long term, giving priority to the non-chemical methods that use biological agents, such as Trichoderma. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of various crop soil parameters in the adaptation of Trichoderma spp. autoclaved soils (AS) and natural soils (NS) from the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) “Alubia La Bañeza—León” that were inoculated with Trichoderma velutinum T029 and T. harzianum T059 and incubated in a culture chamber at 25 °C for 15 days. Their development was determined by quantitative PCR. Twelve soil samples were selected and analyzed from the productive zones of Astorga, La Bañeza, La Cabrera, Esla-Campos and Páramo. Their physicochemical characteristics were different by zone, as the texture of soils ranged between sandy loam and silt loam and the pH between strongly acid and slightly alkaline, as well as the organic matter (OM) concentration between low and remarkably high. Total C and N concentrations and their ratio were between medium and high in most of the soils and the rest of the micronutrients had an acceptable concentration except for Paramo’s soil. Both Trichoderma species developed better in AS than in NS, T. velutinum T029 grew better with high levels of OM, total C, ratio C:N, P, K, Fe, and Zn than T. harzianum T059 in clay soils, with the highest values of cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, Ca, Mg and Mn. These effects were validated by Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), texture, particularly clay concentration, OM, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH (physical parameters) and B and Cu (soil elements) are the main factors explaining the influence in the Trichoderma development. OM, EC, C:N ratio and Cu are the main soil characteristics that influence in T. velutinum T029 development and pH in the development of T. harzianum T059.

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A Comparison of Approaches to Regional Land-Use Capability Analysis for Agricultural Land-Planning

Land ◽

10.3390/land10050458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 458

Author(s):

Tara A. Ippolito ◽

Jeffrey E. Herrick ◽

Ekwe L. Dossa ◽

Maman Garba ◽

Mamadou Ouattara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Arable Land ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Field Samples ◽

Agricultural Potential ◽

Fertility Data ◽

Using Data

Smallholder agriculture is a major source of income and food for developing nations. With more frequent drought and increasing scarcity of arable land, more accurate land-use planning tools are needed to allocate land resources to support regional agricultural activity. To address this need, we created Land Capability Classification (LCC) system maps using data from two digital soil maps, which were compared with measurements from 1305 field sites in the Dosso region of Niger. Based on these, we developed 250 m gridded maps of LCC values across the region. Across the region, land is severely limited for agricultural use because of low available water-holding capacity (AWC) that limits dry season agricultural potential, especially without irrigation, and requires more frequent irrigation where supplemental water is available. If the AWC limitation is removed in the LCC algorithm (i.e., simulating the use of sufficient irrigation or a much higher and more evenly distributed rainfall), the dominant limitations become less severe and more spatially varied. Finally, we used additional soil fertility data from the field samples to illustrate the value of collecting contemporary data for dynamic soil properties that are critical for crop production, including soil organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen.

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Chemical and Phytocoenological Characteristics of Two Different Slovak Peatlands

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1290

Author(s):

Danica Fazekašová ◽

Gabriela Barančíková ◽

Juraj Fazekaš ◽

Lenka Štofejová ◽

Ján Halas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Point Of View ◽

Statistical Testing ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Chemical Parameters

This paper presents the results of pedological and phytocoenological research focused on the detailed research of chemical parameters (pH, organic carbon, and nutrients), risk elements (As-metalloid, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and species composition of the vegetation of two different peatlands on the territory of Slovakia—Belianske Lúky (a fen) and Rudné (a bog). Sampling points were selected to characterize the profile of the organosol within the peatland, the soil profile between the peatland and the agricultural land, and the soil profile of the outlying agricultural land, which is used as permanent grassland. Based on phytocoenological records, a semi-quantitative analysis of taxa in accordance with the Braun–Blanquet scale was performed. The study revealed that the thickness of the peat horizon of the fen in comparison with the bog is very low. In terms of the quality of organic matter, the monitored peatlands are dominated by fresh plant residues such as cellulose and lignin. Differences between individual types of peatlands were also found in the soil reaction and the supply of nitrogen to the organic matter of peat. The values of the soil exchange reaction were neutral on the fen, as well as slightly alkaline but extremely low on the bog. A significantly higher nitrogen supply was found in the organic matter of the fen in contrast to the bog. At the same time, extremely low content of accessible P and an above-limit content of As in the surface horizons were also found on the fen. From the phytocoenological point of view, 22 plant species were identified on the fen, while only five species were identified on the bog, which also affected the higher diversity (H’) and equitability (e). The results of the statistical testing confirmed the diversity of the studied peatlands and the different impact of environmental variables on plant diversity.

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