scholarly journals Unemployment in the Polish countryside and its effect on the development and rate of maturation of rural girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Olszewska ◽  
Teresa Łaska-Mierzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Working Fathers

Unemployment in the Polish countryside and its effect on the development and rate of maturation of rural girlsThe aim of this study is to assess the biological status of girls from landless rural families - daughters of working fathers, and those of unemployed fathers. The measures include age at menarche, body height and weight, and the body mass index (BMI). The study of rural girls was conducted in 2001; a total of 9599 girls aged 9-18 were examined. The material used in the present article only embraces girls from non-farming rural families (N = 4476). It was divided into daughters of working fathers (86.5%) and those of unemployed fathers (13.5%). Daughters of working fathers mature earlier than those of unemployed fathers. The difference in the age at menarche is 0.39 years and is statistically significant. The age at menarche of daughters of unemployed fathers approximates the menarchal age of daughters from farming families with many children (5 or more) in which both parents have elementary education. In groups similar in terms of the father's education and the number of children in the family, daughters of unemployed fathers display a later age at menarche and a lower body height and weight. These results support the statement that a father's lack of employment affects the biological status of his daughters.

Isolation and immunity within the family: Commuter marriages in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 001139212097214
Author(s):  
Veronica L Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Ideologies ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Family Ideology ◽  
Commuter Marriages

This article examines the gendered subjectivities and family ideologies of commuter wives and commuter husbands in Southeast Asia, in relation to being part of bilateral households and multigeneration extended families. It emphasizes that, first, the understanding of gendered subjectivities should come from looking at femininities alongside masculinities, and second, despite criticisms, there is still value in using family ideology in examining family life that is consistently experiencing changes within the broader socio-political contexts. The article analyzes ethnographic accounts and in-depth interviews with rural families in Malaysia and the Philippines by engaging with the concepts of transient subjectivities and particular family ideology. While literature on commuter marriages sees the phenomenon as middle class, career driven, and temporary, the article reveals that the case is different for societies where jobs are almost constantly precarious and where couples do not have the luxury of time to settle for a transitory lifestyle. It proposes the concepts of ‘family isolation’ and ‘family immunity’ as a result of multiple gendered subjectivities and discusses their formation in line with the particular family ideologies that farming families in Southeast Asia adhere to.

The Burden of Schizophrenia on the Family

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Martyns-Yellowe
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference

The burden of schizophrenia on rural and urban Nigerian families was studied using a standardised questionnaire. Rural families experienced more burden; however, the difference was significant only in respect of financial burden. Rural families of schizophrenics were shown to be more prone to minor psychiatric morbidity than urban families. Policies should be instigated to reduce such burden.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic Allometry of Body Height and Body Mass of Girl in Baduy, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Eneng Nunuz Rohmatullayaly ◽  
Alex Hartana ◽  
Yuzuru Hamada ◽  
Bambang Suryobroto
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Trajectory ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Ontogenetic Allometry

Several small-scale populations exhibited phenotypic plasticity whereby growth spurt of body height occurred much earlier than age at menarche and this was not followed by same early spurt of body weight. This leads to question whether growth trajectory of stature follow the same growth trajectory of body mass and whether the trajectory itself is associated to sexual maturity. We evaluated developmental plasticity observed in Baduy girl, a traditional population in Indonesia, in facing strenuous environmental and biocultural conditions. We measured stature and body mass cross-sectionally. We determined age at menarche as population average of age of girls that had already got their first menstruation. Growths of body fat and weight followed a same mode and timing and their spurts pivoted on the age at menarche. In contrast, growth spurt of body height occurred four years earlier than menarche and velocity curve of body linearity progressed in opposite direction to that of body ponderality. The prevailing poor nutrition and high physical activity elicited principle of ontogenetic allometry to synchronize the acceleration and deceleration of growths in body linearity and ponderality whereby growth in body height functions to reach the body size target and to provide skeletal framework for development of body mass. The biocultural conditions lead to slow bodily growth rate with low spurt resulting in the characteristics of Baduy girl that was small in size and late in both sexual maturity and full-grown ages.

scholarly journals Body structure and maturation – the association with environmental factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka ◽  
Anna Siniarska ◽  
Aneta Sikorska ◽  
Sławomir Kozieł
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Body Proportion ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Number Of Children

AbstractThe main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between physique, maturation and some environmental factors. The study was conducted in Warsaw, between 2012 and 2013 in randomly selected schools. The material included 171 girls, aged 12-20 years. Body height and weight, upper and lower extremity length, subcutaneous fat folds on arm, subscapular and abdominal, circumferences of arm, chest, waist and hip were measured. Body proportion indices were calculated. The questionnaire form provided information on parental education and profession, and the number of children in family. Girls were asked about age at menarche, number of daily meals, level of physical activity, participation is sport, and level of stress at home and at school. The principal component analysis was applied and 4 factors were extracted from the set of living condition characteristics (F1 - Parental education & father’s occupation, F2 - Mother’s occupation and the number of children, F3 - Stress, F4 - Physical activity and number of daily meals). Regression analysis allowed to evaluate the association of body build characteristics and age at menarche with the four factors. Factor 1 and 4 were the only ones which showed a statistically significant association with body build. The results showed that girls who were taller, with smaller arm and waist circumferences and less adiposity came from families with higher parental education and better father’s profession. Taller stature, longer legs and less adiposity characterized girls who were more physically active and consumed more than three meals a day.

Morphological diversity of larval skeletons in the sea urchin family Echinometridae (Echinoidea: Echinodermata)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonoko Kinjo ◽  
Tsuyoshi Uehara ◽  
Ikuko Yazaki ◽  
Yoshihisa Shirayama ◽  
Hiroshi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bottom Width ◽  
The Difference

To clarify the morphological variety of larval skeletons, a detailed morphological comparison among the species of the family Echinometridae was performed. Through conspecific comparison of larval skeletons among different ages, we found five skeletal characters of the body skeleton that are stable in the four-armed pluteus and thus useful in homologous comparison among the species. The morphological variation was summarized as the difference in the number of spines and posteroventral transverse rods, and differences in the shape of the body skeleton. Significant correlations were found between some skeletal characters, such as between upper body length and bottom width of body skeleton and between lower body length and the number of spines. We found that the larval skeletons of tropical species tend to have fewer spines and rods than those of temperate species, which is consistent with the hypothesis that a reduction in skeletal elements decreases the specific gravity of larvae as an adaptation to tropical waters.

scholarly journals Chemoecological Study of Trophic Interaction Between Pseudosphinx Tetrio L. Larvae and Allamanda Cathartica L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA MATIGNON ◽  
MAME E MARIETOU LO ◽  
MAURO VICENTINI ◽  
DROCHS PETRI VALENCIA ◽  
MARCOS V. PALMEIRA-MELLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract The larval caterpillar Pseudosphinx tetrio L. is a species that feeds specifically on plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The genus Allamanda includes many shrubs or flowering trees which are grown throughout the tropical regions and are well known due their several biological properties. This work explores the interaction between the caterpillar and this plant using several analytical techniques such as thin layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. Further, a multivariate data analysis was performed in attempt to obtain better insights regard the samples. The results point out the similar profile between the health and herbivore Allamanda cathartica L.’s leaves and the caterpillars’ faeces. The similar analytical profile between the leaves of A. cathartica and the faeces of P. tetrio, as well as the difference with the caterpillar’s bodies suggest a selective excretion of compounds by the caterpillar. These compounds found selectively in the faeces (and not in the body) can explain that P. tetrio can feed this toxic Apocynaceae species.

Family Background to and Personal Characteristics Underlying Teenage Smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rantakallio
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Excessive Drinking ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Poor School Performance ◽  
The Family

Smoking habits at the age of 14 were studied in a series of about 11000 children in Northern Finland. This cohort study was started before the birth of the child as a family inquiry. 6.4% of the children smoked every day and 59.5% were non-smokers. Of the family background variables, parents' smoking, a one-parent family, and number of children in the family had the strongest association with juvenile smoking. Family background variables explained only 6.5% of the total variance in smoking among the girls and 3.5% among the boys, but when characteristics of the children themselves were also introduced into the analyses, 55.7% and 42.7% of the variance respectively could be explained. Juvenile smoking had the strongest association with drinking and excessive drinking of alcohol, poor school performance, less frequent participation in sports and greater body height.

scholarly journals Social distances decrease of body height and the maturation rate of Polish girls in urban and rural population in the period 1967–2009

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Łaska-Mierzejewska ◽  
Janusz Dobosz ◽  
Sylwia Nowacka-Dobosz ◽  
Elżbieta Olszewska ◽  
Adam Wilczewski
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Probit Method

AbstractThe aim of the study is to present social distances in biological development of youth in the period of changes in economic and political situation in Poland.Material and methods: 1. Nationwide study of children and adolescents aged 7.5 to 19.5 years started in 1979 and repeated every decade till 2009, 2. Survey conducted in the region of eastern Poland in 1987 and 2007, 3. Study of rural girls repeated four times between 1967 and 2001. The differences in body height and age at menarche between the inhabitants of towns and rural areas, as well as the differences between rural girls determined by diversified source of income for the family, will be presented. The age at menarche (AM) in each study was calculated using probit method. A monotonic decrease in body height differences between the inhabitants of towns, and girls living in rural areas was observed. On the basis of nationwide studies arithmetic means of the differences in terms of age were 1.9 cm in 1979 and 0.82 in 2009. At the same time, differences in the AM among girls in compared agglomerations decreased from 0.36 to 0.26, respectively. In eastern region of Poland the difference in body height between the residents of towns and villages in 1987 was 1.76 cm, and in 2007, only 0.38 cm; the difference of AM decreased from 0.41 to 0.14 years.The research conducted on inhabitants of rural areas has shown the earliest maturation and slightly greater body height for girls from landless families and the latest maturation and the smallest body height for the daughters of farmers. The differences in AM between the two groups decreased from 0.53 years in 1967 to 0.15 in 2001.The political transformation (1989) unequally influenced people on different levels of urbanization, different socio-professional groups and residents of various regions of the country, but was reflected in the results of anthropological research.The largest social advancement measured in terms of acceleration of maturation in the period covered by the research was characteristic for rural girls, especially the daughters of farmers.

scholarly journals Body Height of Elite Basketball Players: Do Taller Basketball Teams Rank Better at the FIBA World Cup?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Ivan Zarić ◽  
Filip Kukić ◽  
Nemanja Jovićević ◽  
Milan Zarić ◽  
Milan Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
The World ◽  
Basketball Team ◽  
The Difference

Body height is among the most important attributes of basketball players. Whether it differs among the basketball players who compete at the world basketball championship (FIBA-WC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the basketball players from the teams ranked 1–16 and those ranked below 16th place. The body heights of all players from the last three FIBA-WCs were collected and allocated according to the ranking at the FIBA-WC and analyzed by position in team. An independent sample t-test was conducted to analyze the difference in body height of players ranked 1–16 and players who ranked below 16th place. The players from the first 16 teams were significantly taller at three positions: point guards (Difference = 2.92 cm, p < 0.05), shooting guards (Difference = 2.16 cm, p < 0.05), and small forwards (Difference = 2.49 cm, p < 0.01). Body height seems to be an important factor for the performance of the basketball team at the FIBA-WC. Considering that all players at the FIBA-WC went through rigorous selection process to be in their national teams, body height of the higher-ranked players could be used as a reference value.

scholarly journals “Prevention of Death Anxiety by Familiarity with the Concept of Death”

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Minoo Asadzandi
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Cultures

Objectives Death is the only definitive phenomenon in life, and everyone is sure that it will happen in the future. Based on the philosophical perspective, the concept of death differs in different cultures. The purpose of this study was “explaining the difference between the concept of death from the perspective of theology and empirical science”. Methods In this qualitative evolutionary study, a targeted review was conducted to answer the question “what is the difference between the concept of death from the perspective of theology and empirical science?” Articles published between 1990 and 2018 were extracted from the PubMed, science direct, google scholar, SID, and Cochrane databases. At the same time, Islamic religious evidence (Quran and Hadiths) was investigated for understanding the concept of the death in Islam. The “Shia Seminary” research methodology was used to avoid interpretations of the Quran verses and to ensure the authenticity of the Hadiths. Findings Empirical sciences consider death as a biological phenomenon, which results from irreversible damage to cerebral hemispheres and brain stem (brain death) that causes grief process, fear, anxiety, and sadness. From the perspective of Islam, death is an existential phenomenon, the transfer of the soul from one world to another. Death is the complete reception of the soul from the body by the angels and the beginning of another life, in the "world of grief. Conclusion Given that in Islam, death does not mean destruction. It is imperative that the spiritual counselors teach the patient and the family about the life after death and the blessings of paradise. In pastoral care at the end of life, reducing patients’ anxiety and fear of death, with hope in God's mercy is necessary.

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