Family Background to and Personal Characteristics Underlying Teenage Smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rantakallio
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Excessive Drinking ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Poor School Performance ◽  
The Family

Smoking habits at the age of 14 were studied in a series of about 11000 children in Northern Finland. This cohort study was started before the birth of the child as a family inquiry. 6.4% of the children smoked every day and 59.5% were non-smokers. Of the family background variables, parents' smoking, a one-parent family, and number of children in the family had the strongest association with juvenile smoking. Family background variables explained only 6.5% of the total variance in smoking among the girls and 3.5% among the boys, but when characteristics of the children themselves were also introduced into the analyses, 55.7% and 42.7% of the variance respectively could be explained. Juvenile smoking had the strongest association with drinking and excessive drinking of alcohol, poor school performance, less frequent participation in sports and greater body height.

TERTIARY EDUCATION, GENDER AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

1994 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 473-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
AZLAN GHAZALI ◽  
SOON BENG CHEW ◽  
B C GHOSH ◽  
RICHARD S T TAY
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Employment Decision ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Binary Probit

This study empirically analyses the determinants of Singapore’s university graduates’ employment decision between self-employment and salaried-employment. The binary probit model is used to estimate the effect of three main groups of variables on the employment decision. The thee main groups of variables are the personal characteristics, experience and education, and family background of the graduate. A mailed questionaire survey was carried out on 7300 university graduates in Singapore. A final number of 2486 (34.1%) usable questionaire was obtained. The findings of this study suggest that the personal characteristics and the education and experience of the graduates are significant determinants of the employment decision. However, the family background of the individual was found to be insignificant.

scholarly journals Perilaku Sosialisasi Anak Ditinjau dari Latar Belakang Keluarga

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Rida Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Child Socialization ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Making Friends

The article entitled "The Behavior of Children Socializing Viewed by Family’s Background" focuses on the social behavior of children carried out in Integrated Bina Kasih Kindergarten in Rumah Sumbul Village, Sibolangit. The research method used a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection through observation and interviews with parents. Observation using observation sheets. Child socialization behavior observed in children based on family background, namely adjusting the place, making friends, sympathy and empathy, cooperative, and manners. While the family background is focused on parental education, employment, income, parental integrity, and a number of children. This study found that children with a good family background were found to have a tendency towards good socialization behavior and children who had a poor family background tended to have poor socialization behavior. This shows that family background has a strong relationship in the development of children's socialization behavior. The existence of parents really determines the way they treat children and that too is then embedded and developed in children.AbstrakArtikel yang berjudul ”Perilaku Sosialisasi Anak Ditanjau Dari Latar Belakang Keluarga”  fokus pada perilaku sosial anak  yang dilakukan di Taman Kanak-Kanak Bina Kasih Terpadu di Desa Rumah Sumbul, Sibolangit. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan dan wawancara kepada orang tua. Pengamatan menggunakan lembar observasi. Perilaku sosialisasi anak yang diamati dalam diri anak berdasarkan latar belakang keluarga, yaitu penyesuaian tempat, berteman, simpati dan empati, kooperatif, dan sopan santun.  Sedangkan latar belakang keluarga difokuskan pada pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan, penghasilan, keutuhan orang tua, dan jumlah anak. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa anak dengan latar belakang keluarga yang baik didapati memiliki kecenderungan perilaku sosialisasi baik dan anak yang latar belakang keluarga kurang baik cenderung memiliki perilaku sosialisasi yang kurang baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang keluarga memiliki hubungan yang kuat dalam perkembangan perilaku sosialisasi anak. Keberadaan orang tua sangat menentukan cara mereka memperlakukan anak dan hal itu pula yang kemudian tertanam dan berkembang dalam diri anak.

scholarly journals Co-Creating Desired Outcomes and Strengthening the Resilience of Multi-Challenged Families

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Nina Mešl ◽  
Tadeja Kodele
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Poor School Performance ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

Families facing poverty suffer from many other stresses. Children’s school performance is one of the common topics. A life of poverty and the related unfavourable circumstances should not define children’s life stories, which is also the responsibility of professionals working with families. It is important to overcome the problem of the frequently dispersed help given to multi-challenged families. We proceed from the premise that the vicious circle of failures can be terminated by support and help to the family and by a co-creative working relationship involving all the participants in a joint working project. The results of the plural case study confirmed the importance of working with multi-challenged families, which includes dealing with the children’s poor school performance, in their homes. They also showed the inadequacy of the often dominant discourse claiming that families do not want to receive help. The results prioritise the role of social workers and the relationship established at the beginning of the collaboration with the family. The presence of a social worker who persist on a joint project even in the case of failure represents an important new experience for families. Although multi-challenged families are resilient, they sometimes need an interlocutor to help them recognise and strengthen that resilience.

scholarly journals Factors affecting school performance in children with rheumatic heart disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Arief Hermanu S. ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Bambang Madiyono ◽  
Ismet N. Oesman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

The aim of this study was to determine the association between school performance and age, sex, duration of illness, educational achievement prior to illness, socioeconomic status of family, parent’s educational level, number of children in the family and severity of the disease of patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Subjects were patients with RHD treated at the Division of Cardiology, Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. The parameters of school performance were educational achievement, absent of school and dropout. All data were processed by using Epi-Info program to find out bivariate analysis and Statistic Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) for multivariate analysis. We obtained 80 patients with RHD; most of them were of mild severity (64 of 80%) and the remainder 16 (20%) with severe disease. There were 44 (55%) males and 36 (45%) females. Most parents (42 or 53%) had junior high school educational level, most of them, 23 (29%) had elementary school education, and 3 (4%) illiterate. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that severity of disease and parental educational level were associated withschool performance of patients with RHD, but age, sex, duration of disease, premorbid educational achievement, socio-economic level of the family and number of children in family were not.  

scholarly journals PREFERENSI PEMILIHAN CALON PASANGAN HIDUP DITINJAU DARI KETERLIBATAN AYAH PADA ANAK PEREMPUAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
ANNA ARMEINI RANGKUTI ◽  
DEVI OKTAVIANI FAJRIN
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
The Family

This study aims to determine the effect of father involvement on mate selection preferences in his young adult daughters. Researcher used scale quantitative methods psychology. Researcher used adapted instrument, namely Nurturant Fathering Scales and Father Involvement Scale subscale Reported Father Involvement Scale for variable of father involvement and used instrument created by researcher for variable mate selection preferences. There are 96 samples which is a father who has daughters ages 18-25 and is unmarried with accidental sampling. The data processing used in the testing of hypotheses analytics logistic regression. The result of this research is there is no influence of father involvement on mate selection preferences in his young adult daughters. But when viewed from the value of Odds Ratio of 2,571 indicates that the father has opportunity to choose the family background preferences of the prospecive life partner of his daughters of 2,571 times compared of the personal characteristics preference of the prospecive life partner of his daughters. That is the father has opportunity to choose the family background preference of their prospecive life partner of his daughters compared of their personal characteristics preference even though the value is only 2,571.

scholarly journals Unemployment in the Polish countryside and its effect on the development and rate of maturation of rural girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Olszewska ◽  
Teresa Łaska-Mierzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Working Fathers

Unemployment in the Polish countryside and its effect on the development and rate of maturation of rural girlsThe aim of this study is to assess the biological status of girls from landless rural families - daughters of working fathers, and those of unemployed fathers. The measures include age at menarche, body height and weight, and the body mass index (BMI). The study of rural girls was conducted in 2001; a total of 9599 girls aged 9-18 were examined. The material used in the present article only embraces girls from non-farming rural families (N = 4476). It was divided into daughters of working fathers (86.5%) and those of unemployed fathers (13.5%). Daughters of working fathers mature earlier than those of unemployed fathers. The difference in the age at menarche is 0.39 years and is statistically significant. The age at menarche of daughters of unemployed fathers approximates the menarchal age of daughters from farming families with many children (5 or more) in which both parents have elementary education. In groups similar in terms of the father's education and the number of children in the family, daughters of unemployed fathers display a later age at menarche and a lower body height and weight. These results support the statement that a father's lack of employment affects the biological status of his daughters.

Youth Culture Features in the Light of Preferred Role Models and Life Styles

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Amel Alić ◽  
Haris Cerić ◽  
Sedin Habibović
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
General Data ◽  
The University

Abstract The aim of this research was to determine to what extent different variables describe the style and way of life present within the student population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this sense, in addition to general data on examinees, gender differences were identified, the assessment of parental dimensions of control and emotion, overall family circumstances, level of empathy, intercultural sensitivity, role models, preferences of lifestyles, everyday habits and resistance and (or) tendencies to depressive, anxiety states and stress. The survey included a sample of 457 examinees, students of undergraduate studies at the University of Zenica and the University of Sarajevo, with a total of 9 faculties and 10 departments covering technical, natural, social sciences and humanities. The obtained data give a broad picture of the everyday life of youth and confirm some previously theoretically and empirically justified theses about the connection of the family background of students, everyday habits, with the level of empathy, intercultural sensitivity and preferences of the role models and lifestyles of the examinees.

Organization of Individual Counselling of Children Brought up in Foster Families (on the example of the «Family» Centre»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Aygul Fazlyeva ◽  
Aliya Akhmetshina
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Individual Counselling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

Children, brought up in foster families, experience various problems (diffi culties in interpersonal relationships with parents, diffi culties in communicating with peers, emotional instability), which lead to confl icts, quarrels, running away from home, destructive phenomena, etc. One of the eff ective forms of working with children brought up in foster families is individual counselling. Individual counselling is used by various specialists (psychologists, educators, psychotherapists), where a special place is taken by a social educator. His or her activity involves the implementation of social-protective, preventive, educational, informational, advisory functions. In the process of organizing individual counseling, the social educator takes into account the social situation of the family and the child, personal characteristics, social conditions, social and cultural characteristics and the nature of the relationship with the social environment. To organize individual counseling, a social educator needs to master various and eff ective techniques, and take into account a number of recommendations. An analysis of the literature and practical socio-pedagogical experience led to an understanding of the insuffi cient degree of elaboration of this issue. The purpose of this article was the solution to this problem.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Ann E. Dickerson ◽  
E. Perry Crump ◽  
Carrell P. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Family ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
Mother's Educational Level ◽  
Social Area

Within the framework of a project designed to study the growth and development of Negro children, a longitudinal study was conducted for the purpose of analyzing the child-training practices of a group of mothers whose children were subjects of the project, and comparing these findings with those from related investigations. The study was focused upon the child-training practices of 144 mothers in the areas of toileting, feeding, and dressing when their children were between 15 and 30 months of age. The data for this study were obtained when the psychologist interviewed the mothers during the administration of the Gesell Developmental Schedules. Assessment of progress in the areas of toileting, feeding and dressing is included in the personal-social area of the Gesell Schedules. It is apparent from the results of this study that mothers encouraged self-help and independence in the areas of dressing and feeding, with the exception of the use of a bottle. However, in the category of toileting this was not true, inasmuch as emphasis upon self-management in daily toilet habits seemed to be at a minimum. These findings indicate that the mothers were permissive with regard to toilet-training and weaning. These practices and their patterns of breast-feeding agree with those practices advocated by the most recent edition of Infant Care. The mother's educational level, the sex of the child, or the number of children in the family were not found to be significantly related to the child-training practices used by the mothers in this study. The data in this study are in agreement with White's finding that there is "a need for revising our ideas about social class differences in child-rearing practices." It is, of course, recognized that the lack of significant differences or relationships in this study does not prove that no such differences or relationships exist. It does, however, indicate that none can be recognized for this population from the available data. Differences in attitude as well as practice, on the part of the mothers, may well be prevalent; but they apparently are not reflected in the development of the children in the areas of toiletry, feeding and dressing as measured by the Gesell Schedules.

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