Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Praskova ◽  
E. Voslarova ◽  
Z. Siroka ◽  
L. Plhalova ◽  
S. Macova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests

Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) The aim of the study was to compare the acute toxicity of diclofenac to juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute toxicity tests were performed on the aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The tests were performed using a semi-static method according to OECD guideline No. 203 (Fish, acute toxicity test). Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in compliance with OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme to determine 96hLC50 and 144hLC50 (median lethal concentration, 50% mortality after a 96 h or 144 h interval, respectively) values of diclofenac. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of Danio rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme. The LC50 mean value of diclofenac was 166.6 ± 9.8 mg/L in juvenile Danio rerio, and 6.11 ± 2.48 mg/L in embryonic stages of Danio rerio. The study demonstrated a statistically higher sensitivity to diclofenac (P<0.05) in embryonic stages compared to the juvenile fish.

scholarly journals The acute toxicity of clove oil to fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Oil Composition

Clove oil (active substance eugenol) is an anaesthetic used in aquaculture for stress prevention and prevention of mechanical damage during veterinary procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of clove oil in two aquarium fish species - zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata), which are considered the most commonly used model organisms in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD no. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test) was used for testing the toxicity of clove oil for juvenile fish. A series of 5 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The results obtained (number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 program in order to determine 96hLC50 clove oil values. The significance of the difference between 96hLC50 values in D. rerio and P. reticulata was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The 96hLC50 mean value for clove oil was 18.2 ± 5.52 mg·l–1 in juvenile D. rerio and 21.7 ± 0.8 mg·l–1 in P. reticulata. In spite of variability in clove oil composition, acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile stages of both fish species were comparable. The results did not show different sensitivities to clove oil in tested fish species. This is the first similar study in these fish species.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of the Preparation PAX-18 for Juvenile and Embryonic Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Zuzana Široká ◽  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment

The preparation PAX-18 is a coagulation agent, which is used in water and wastewater treatment facilities and for the treatment of natural waters. The active compound is polyaluminium chloride (9% of Al). The application to the water environment could present a potential risk to different developmental stages of fish. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the toxicity of the preparation PAX-18 for embryonic and juvenile developmental stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The acute toxicity tests with juvenile fish aged 2–3 months were conducted according to the method OECD No. 203 in 5 series. For embryo toxicity test the method OECD No. 212 was used in 5 series. The semistatic methods were selected. The results of toxicity tests (the number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme to determine LC50 values of PAX. The LC50 mean value of PAX for juvenile D. rerio was 749.7 ± 30.6 mg·l-1 (67.5 ± 2.8 mg·l-1 of Al) and 731.5 ± 94.1 mg·l-1 (65.8 ± 8.5 mg·l-1 of Al) for embryonic stages of D. rerio. The sensitivity of juvenile and embryonic stages to PAX were comparable (p > 0.01). The acute toxicity values of PAX-18 found in tests on D. rerio were 6–13 × higher than the concentration which is usually applied to waters (5–10 mg·l-1 of Al). Therefore, the acute toxicity effect on fish can be considered minimal.

Acute Toxicity Testing with Juvenile White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Bennett ◽  
A.P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Testing

Abstract The primary goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of using early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) (eggs, larvae and fry) as a species relevant to the Fraser River, B.C., for the acute and sublethal toxico-logical testing of forest industry effluents. Here we report the first successful acute toxicity tests for 8-day-old larvae and 42-day-old fry exposed to several chemicals known to be released into the Fraser River (i.e., 6 monochlorovanillin [6 MVAN], 4,5 dichloroguaiacol [4,5 DCG], 4,5 dichlorocatechol [4,5 DCAT], pentachlorophenol [PCP], and didecyldimethylammonium chloride [DDAC]). In most cases, white sturgeon fry were at the lower end of the range for acute toxicity values for chlorinated phenolic compounds, when compared with other juvenile fish species, and they were extremely sensitive to DDAC. The larval stage was usually more sensitive than the fry stage. Acute toxicity tests with fertilized eggs were unsuccessful. A postexposure growth study was inconclusive because neither control nor toxicant-exposed larvae and fry withstood the additional handling used for measuring body mass. At 62-days-old, fry were more tolerant of handling. This allowed measurement of their swimming performance. Although we have concerns about the reliability of using larvae for acute toxicity testing at this time, 60-day-old white sturgeon fry would appear to be both a sensitive and relevant species for assessing environmental impacts relevant to the Fraser River.

scholarly journals Nitrite toxicity assessment in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Species Specific

Nitrite is a natural component of the nitrogen cycle in the environment. Although it usually occurs in low concentrations, elevated concentrations caused by effluents or affected nitrification process can lead to serious health deterioration of fish. Two aquarium fish zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata) are recommended to use as model organisms in toxicity tests. However, their sensitivity to nitrite can differ. The aim of this study was to define acute toxicity of nitrite by the semistatic method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test). The series of 4 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The 96hLC50 NO2- value for D. rerio and P. reticulata was 242.55 ± 15.79 mg·l-1 and 30.2 ± 8.74 mg·l-1, respectively. We have proved significant difference (p < 0.05) in sensitivity between D. rerio and P. reticulata. The results showed different sensitivities to nitrites in tested fish species, which could be related to species-specific branchial chloride uptake mechanism. This is the first study on this fish species.

scholarly journals Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of polyethylene microbeads found in facial wash products in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C. De Guzman ◽  
Patricia Anne P. Chua ◽  
Franceska S. Sedano
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fish Embryo

AbstractUse of polyethylene beads in facial cleansers has been continuously questioned by scientific communities for they adversely affect aquatic organisms once these beads find their way into their habitats. This study specifically aims to determine Danio rerio mortality rate using lethal endpoints and to evaluate sublethal teratogenic effects in Danio rerio due to polyethylene microbead exposure. Danio rerio, a model organism for ecotoxicology, was subjected to the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test. Embryos were exposed to polyethylene microbead suspensions (PE-MBS) of varying concentrations (i.e., 20 μg/L, 200 μg/L, 2000 μg/L). They were also exposed to 5% ethanol (positive control), reconstituted water (negative control), 0.01% Tween 80 (emulsifier control), and 1% DMSO (solvent control). Toxicological endpoints (i.e., egg coagulation, lack of somite formation, non-detachment of tail, and lack of heartbeat) were observed every 24 hours until the 96th hour exposure. Hatching was observed from 48 hpf while teratogenicity was observed at 144 hpf. Significant differences between means and variances were observed for all treatment groups in relation to the negative control. For all groups, 0.01% Tween 80, 1% DMSO and 20 μg/L PE-MBS did not significantly differ with the negative control due to negligible concentration but 5% ethanol and higher concentrations of PE-MBS did. This indicated that high concentrations of PE-MBS exposure may induce early hatching, mortality, increased malformation, and increased heart rate. Tukey Kramer post hoc Test substantiated that PE-MBS toxicity is dose dependent since embryotoxicity and teratogenicity increases at higher concentrations. LC50 obtained using probit analysis based on experimental data was 2455.096 μg/L, and was higher than the concentrations used in this study. Further studies should be conducted to know more about the adverse effects of polyethylene microbeads to the biota.Author SummaryMargaret De Guzman, MSc, Patricia Chua, and Franceska Sedano have all equally contributed to this work in conceptualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, and investigation. All authors have also equally headed project administration, procurement of resources and writing.

scholarly journals Comparison of Terbutryn Acute Toxicity to Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Petr Maršálek ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare acute toxicity of terbutryn in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata, and in two different developmental stages of D. rerio – embryonic and juvenile. Acute toxicity tests were performed according to OECD methodology. The LC50 values were assessed by probit analysis using EKO-TOX 5.2 programme. The 96hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 5 tests was 2.85 ± 0.75 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of P. reticulata and 5.71 ± 0.46 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of D. rerio. For the embryonic stage of D. rerio the 144hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 6 tests was estimated as 8.04 ± 1.05 mg·l-1. The study proved significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of D. rerio to terbutryn compared to the embryonic stage of D. rerio and significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of P. reticulata to terbutryn compared to the juvenile stage of D. rerio. herbicides. This study documented differences in sensitivity of several fish species and different developmental stages of fish to one of triazine.

Study on the Safety of Mineral and Synthetic Oil Added Commonly Used Extreme Pressure Additives

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1386-1389
Author(s):  
Zhuo Jun Chen ◽  
Long Long Feng ◽  
Bao Liang Li ◽  
Jin Jin Yue ◽  
Ying Liang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene (T321), Five Sufides Dialkyl(RC2540) and Star of Phosphorus(P110) as the additives,Neopentyl Polyol Ester(NPE) and mineral oil N32 as base oil. Compound above additives and base oil for the four levels. A sample: adding 4% T321 additive in NPE. B sample: adding 4% T321 additive in N32. C sample: adding 4% RC2540 additive in NPE. D sample: adding RC2540, T321 and P110 additives in NPE (all is mass fraction). The oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests were conducted in above samples. The test results show that. The mineral oil, it’s not only toxic then synthetic oil but also has a poor lubricating ability compare with the same percent additive in synthetic oil. In oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests, Toxic reaction of mineral N32+4%wt Sulphide Isobutene (T321) obviously from other oil samples.

scholarly journals Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Fazlina Hashim ◽  
Irence John ◽  
Intan Faraha A Ghani ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Cyprinid Species ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of Terminalia catappa leaves extract on three cyprinid species; carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) through the acute toxicity test. The leaves of T. catappa were extracted with methanol and prepared in various immersion concentrations (40, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg/L). These extracts were immersed in the aquarium and left for 24 h before performing the acute toxicity test. The water quality was also analyzed before and after adding the extract immersions into the aquarium. The acute toxicity test conducted for 96 h with 10 fishes of each cyprinid species (4.0-6.0 cm length) in 30 L water capacity aquarium. The mortality of each cyprinid species was recorded at 24 h time interval and LC50 of the extracts throughout 96 hours was determined through the probit analysis application. Specifically, the LC50 of T. catappa leaves extract were 349.89, 338.65 and 318.48 mg/L exhibited for carp, goldfish and tiger barb, respectively. A high concentration range of any plant-based extract has the potential to become toxic to particular fishes. Thus, it is an effort from this study to identify the safety margin of T. catappa leaves extract before its therapeutic values can be further manipulated and elucidated in aquaculture research.

Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Hikmat Kasmara ◽  
Desti Pratiwi ◽  
Sundoro Yoga Azhary ◽  
Eko Sulistyo ◽  
Camellia Panatarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Before And After

Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.

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