scholarly journals The acute toxicity of clove oil to fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Oil Composition

Clove oil (active substance eugenol) is an anaesthetic used in aquaculture for stress prevention and prevention of mechanical damage during veterinary procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of clove oil in two aquarium fish species - zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata), which are considered the most commonly used model organisms in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD no. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test) was used for testing the toxicity of clove oil for juvenile fish. A series of 5 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The results obtained (number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 program in order to determine 96hLC50 clove oil values. The significance of the difference between 96hLC50 values in D. rerio and P. reticulata was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The 96hLC50 mean value for clove oil was 18.2 ± 5.52 mg·l–1 in juvenile D. rerio and 21.7 ± 0.8 mg·l–1 in P. reticulata. In spite of variability in clove oil composition, acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile stages of both fish species were comparable. The results did not show different sensitivities to clove oil in tested fish species. This is the first similar study in these fish species.

scholarly journals Nitrite toxicity assessment in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Species Specific

Nitrite is a natural component of the nitrogen cycle in the environment. Although it usually occurs in low concentrations, elevated concentrations caused by effluents or affected nitrification process can lead to serious health deterioration of fish. Two aquarium fish zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata) are recommended to use as model organisms in toxicity tests. However, their sensitivity to nitrite can differ. The aim of this study was to define acute toxicity of nitrite by the semistatic method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test). The series of 4 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The 96hLC50 NO2- value for D. rerio and P. reticulata was 242.55 ± 15.79 mg·l-1 and 30.2 ± 8.74 mg·l-1, respectively. We have proved significant difference (p < 0.05) in sensitivity between D. rerio and P. reticulata. The results showed different sensitivities to nitrites in tested fish species, which could be related to species-specific branchial chloride uptake mechanism. This is the first study on this fish species.

Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Praskova ◽  
E. Voslarova ◽  
Z. Siroka ◽  
L. Plhalova ◽  
S. Macova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests

Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) The aim of the study was to compare the acute toxicity of diclofenac to juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute toxicity tests were performed on the aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The tests were performed using a semi-static method according to OECD guideline No. 203 (Fish, acute toxicity test). Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in compliance with OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme to determine 96hLC50 and 144hLC50 (median lethal concentration, 50% mortality after a 96 h or 144 h interval, respectively) values of diclofenac. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of Danio rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme. The LC50 mean value of diclofenac was 166.6 ± 9.8 mg/L in juvenile Danio rerio, and 6.11 ± 2.48 mg/L in embryonic stages of Danio rerio. The study demonstrated a statistically higher sensitivity to diclofenac (P<0.05) in embryonic stages compared to the juvenile fish.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of the Preparation PAX-18 for Juvenile and Embryonic Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Zuzana Široká ◽  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment

The preparation PAX-18 is a coagulation agent, which is used in water and wastewater treatment facilities and for the treatment of natural waters. The active compound is polyaluminium chloride (9% of Al). The application to the water environment could present a potential risk to different developmental stages of fish. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the toxicity of the preparation PAX-18 for embryonic and juvenile developmental stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The acute toxicity tests with juvenile fish aged 2–3 months were conducted according to the method OECD No. 203 in 5 series. For embryo toxicity test the method OECD No. 212 was used in 5 series. The semistatic methods were selected. The results of toxicity tests (the number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme to determine LC50 values of PAX. The LC50 mean value of PAX for juvenile D. rerio was 749.7 ± 30.6 mg·l-1 (67.5 ± 2.8 mg·l-1 of Al) and 731.5 ± 94.1 mg·l-1 (65.8 ± 8.5 mg·l-1 of Al) for embryonic stages of D. rerio. The sensitivity of juvenile and embryonic stages to PAX were comparable (p > 0.01). The acute toxicity values of PAX-18 found in tests on D. rerio were 6–13 × higher than the concentration which is usually applied to waters (5–10 mg·l-1 of Al). Therefore, the acute toxicity effect on fish can be considered minimal.

scholarly journals Comparison of Terbutryn Acute Toxicity to Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Petr Maršálek ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare acute toxicity of terbutryn in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata, and in two different developmental stages of D. rerio – embryonic and juvenile. Acute toxicity tests were performed according to OECD methodology. The LC50 values were assessed by probit analysis using EKO-TOX 5.2 programme. The 96hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 5 tests was 2.85 ± 0.75 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of P. reticulata and 5.71 ± 0.46 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of D. rerio. For the embryonic stage of D. rerio the 144hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 6 tests was estimated as 8.04 ± 1.05 mg·l-1. The study proved significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of D. rerio to terbutryn compared to the embryonic stage of D. rerio and significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of P. reticulata to terbutryn compared to the juvenile stage of D. rerio. herbicides. This study documented differences in sensitivity of several fish species and different developmental stages of fish to one of triazine.

scholarly journals Use of artificial sediment to assess toxicity of chromium on Chironomus xanthus, Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Fernanda Campagna ◽  
Beatriz Kawamura Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol ◽  
Nelsy Fenerich Verani ◽  
Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Chromium Toxicity ◽  
Artificial Sediment ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Artificial Sediments

AIM: Artificial sediments with simple formulations were used to assess the toxicity of Cr to C. xanthus, D. rerio and P. reticulata. METHODS: The organisms were exposed to two sediment formulations: one without organic matter (S0) and one with 1% organic matter (SIII), both contaminated with Cr at concentrations of 90, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 mg/kg for the assays with C. xanthus, and 375, 750, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg for those with the two fish species. Chromium was obtained from the potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). RESULTS: The results of the acute toxicity tests demonstrated a reduction of up to four times in toxicity with the presence of OM, consisting of biodegradable detritus, even at the low concentration used (1%), and that C. xanthus was most sensitive to the metal. The reduction in the chromium toxicity was indicated by the LC50 values, which were higher in SIII (1234.43 mg/kg; 2263.54 m/kg; 2244.48 mg/kg) than in S0 (340.56 mg/kg; 1731.04 mg/kg; 1733.55 mg/kg) for C. xanthus, D. rerio and P. reticulata, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the repeatability of the results obtained, the artificial sediments with simple formulations were satisfactory to assess toxicity and can thus provide reliable results in ecotoxicological studies

scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata to silver nitrate in short-term tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zebra Fish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

Comparison of the sensitivity ofDanio rerioandPoecilia reticulatato silver nitrate in short-term testsThe aim of this study is to assess the acute toxicity of silver nitrate in adult zebra fish and adult guppies and to compare the sensitivity of these species to this compound. Silver is a naturally occurring element in our environment and it combines with other elements such as sulfide, chloride, and nitrate. Silver, in the form of silver nitrate, is one of the most toxic metals affecting freshwater fish. Industry, particularly photographical and electrotechnical, is the major contributor of silver that is released into the environment. Tests of acute toxicity were performed on the most common species of aquarium fish,Danio rerioandPoecilia reticulata.Both zebra fish and guppies were exposed to progressive concentrations of silver nitrate; a semi-static method according to OECD 203 was used. In each test series, 6 tests of acute toxicity were conducted, with 10 fish used for each separate concentration and for the control group. The results (number of fish deaths in the individual test concentrations) were subjected to probit analysis (EKO-TOX 5.1 software) to determine the 96hLC50AgNO3values. The 96hLC50AgNO3value for the zebra fish was (mean ± SEM) 15 ± 0.52 μg/l and for the guppies was (mean ± SEM) 17.14 ± 5.43 μg/l. We didn't find any statistically significant difference between the sensitivity of zebra fish and guppies. The results reported in this study are in agreement with LC50values published in peer-reviewed literature, and conclude that AgNO3is one of the most toxic compounds known to fishery.

Acute Toxicity Testing with Juvenile White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Bennett ◽  
A.P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Testing

Abstract The primary goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of using early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) (eggs, larvae and fry) as a species relevant to the Fraser River, B.C., for the acute and sublethal toxico-logical testing of forest industry effluents. Here we report the first successful acute toxicity tests for 8-day-old larvae and 42-day-old fry exposed to several chemicals known to be released into the Fraser River (i.e., 6 monochlorovanillin [6 MVAN], 4,5 dichloroguaiacol [4,5 DCG], 4,5 dichlorocatechol [4,5 DCAT], pentachlorophenol [PCP], and didecyldimethylammonium chloride [DDAC]). In most cases, white sturgeon fry were at the lower end of the range for acute toxicity values for chlorinated phenolic compounds, when compared with other juvenile fish species, and they were extremely sensitive to DDAC. The larval stage was usually more sensitive than the fry stage. Acute toxicity tests with fertilized eggs were unsuccessful. A postexposure growth study was inconclusive because neither control nor toxicant-exposed larvae and fry withstood the additional handling used for measuring body mass. At 62-days-old, fry were more tolerant of handling. This allowed measurement of their swimming performance. Although we have concerns about the reliability of using larvae for acute toxicity testing at this time, 60-day-old white sturgeon fry would appear to be both a sensitive and relevant species for assessing environmental impacts relevant to the Fraser River.

scholarly journals Guanicid and PHMG Toxicity Tests on Aquatic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Eva Poštulková ◽  
Radovan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Desmodesmus Communis ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae

The emergence and development of new algicidal products is caused by the ever increasing popularity of garden ponds as well as the use of these products in the fisheries sector, especially for disposal of cyanobacteria and algae. Most frequent means of combating cyanobacteria and algae are applications of algicidal substances. Newly developed algaecides include Guanicid and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). The aim of the study was to identify toxic effects of Guanicid and PHMG on zebrafish (Danio rerio) and green algae (Desmodesmus communis). We determined the acute toxicity in fish according to ČSN EN ISO 7346-1, and conducted the freshwater algae growth inhibition test according to ČSN ISO 8692 methodology. For inhibition tests with green algae we chose Guanicid and PHMG concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, and 0.010 ml/L. For fish short-term acute toxicity tests we chose Guanicid concentrations of 0.010, 0.050, 0.150, 0.200, 0.250, and 0.300 ml/L and PHMG concentrations of 0.010, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, and 0.125 ml/L. In case of zebrafish (Danio rerio), the LC50 value for Guanicid is 0.086 ml/L, while the LC50 value for PHMG is 0.043 ml/L. Effects of Guanicid on inhibition of green algae (Desmodesmus communis) appear highly significant (p < 0.010) at a concentration of 0.010 ml/L. For PHMG, these effects are highly significant (p < 0.001) at concentrations of 0.005 and 0.010 ml/L in 48 hours.

Esbiothrin’in Lepistes Balıkları (Poecilia reticulata) Üzerine Akut Toksik Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Two Stages

Objectives: Esbiothrin, a synthetic piretroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a result of agriculturalfacilities and human health issues can be reached. through rain and drain water, was investigated in the presentstudy. Material and Methods: Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), standart species for bioassays according to OECD, was selected as a test animal for determination of the acute toxicity of esbiothrin. Experiments were conducted in two stages as range finding test and main test. In each experiment, six different esbiothrin concentrations and two control groups have been used. The experiment has been carried out with static bioassay method on three series during 96 h. Datas were evaluated using the U.S.E.P.A. LC50 computer program based on Finney’s Probit Analysis Method. During the main tests, the behavioral changes of guppy in each concentration were observed. In addition, macroscopic signs were also evaluated after exposure to esbiothrin. Results: According to bioassay results 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 (95% confidence limits) values for guppy exposed to esbiothrin [(RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1R, 3R)-2,2 dimethyl -3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] were 173.57 (137.10-229.86) μg/L, 129.83 (98.33-162.27) μg/L, 106.71 (79.59-132.76) μg/L, 91.55 (67.19-115.78) μg/L, respectively. It has been observed that, contrary to control group, guppy exposed to different concentrations of esbiothrin were swimmed upside down, crowded at the water surface of the aquarium, some of them moved rapidly or slowly before death, and showed abnormal swimming. After death, some fish had swollen abdomen and hemorrhage at the base of the fins. Conclusion: Before pesticide manufacturing is allowed, its effects on the ecosystem and on non-target organisms need to be studied in detail. Keywords: Bioassay, esbiothrin, synthetic pyrethroid, guppy, Poecilia reticulata, acute toxicity

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