scholarly journals Calcareous nannofossils from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn as palaeoenvironmental indicator, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-437
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kędzierski
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Photic Zone ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Influx ◽  
Terrestrial Material

ABSTRACT Kędzierski, M. 2012. Calcareous nannofossils from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn as palaeoenvironmental indicator, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (3), 421-437. Warszawa. Qualitative and quantitative studies on calcareous nannofossils have been carried out on the Middle-Upper Bathonian succession of Gnaszyn (Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Częstochowa region). The nannofossil assemblages are moderately or well-preserved and are dominated by Watznaueria britannica; also common are Staurolithiteslumina and Zeugrhabdotus erectus. The presence of delicate nannofossil forms together with dissolution- resistant taxa shows that the changes in composition of some of the nannoplankton assemblages reflect original variations. The frequency and diversity changes of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages have been interpreted in relation to fluctuations of sedimentation rate versus changes in trophic conditions within the photic zone. The highest diversity assemblages contain a high percentage of palaeofertility indicators, and are impoverished in the genus Watznaueria. This is interpreted as a reflection of a lower sedimentation rate and more stable, possibly mesotrophic conditions within the photic zone. On the other hand, W. britannica-dominated assemblages with low species diversity may represent more unstable environments with a high influx of terrestrial material related to a high sedimentation rate and a high nutrient influx, i.e. eutrophic conditions in the photic zone.

scholarly journals Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gedl ◽  
Andrzej Kaim ◽  
Paulina Leonowicz ◽  
Andrzej Boczarowski ◽  
Teresa Dudek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Photic Zone ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Organic Particles

ABSTRACT Gedl, P., Kaim, A., Leonowicz, P., Boczarowski, A., Dudek, T., Kędzierski, M., Rees, J., Smoleń, J., Szczepanik, P., Sztajner, P., Witkowska, M. and Ziaja, J. 2012. Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Krakow-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62(3), 463-484. Warszawa. Multidisciplinary studies of the Middle-Upper Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn revealed variable palaeoenvironmental conditions during the deposition of this seemingly monotonous sequence. We interpret the conditions in the bottom environment and the photic zone, and also evaluate the influence of the adjacent land areas, based on sedimentology, geochemistry, sporomorphs and palynofacies composition, benthic (foraminifera, gastropods, bivalves, scaphopods, echinoderms), planktonic (calcareous nannoplankton, dinoflagellate cysts), and nektonic (sharks) fossils. The Gnaszyn succession originated relatively close to the shore, within reach of an intense supply of terrestrial fine clastic and organic particles. The latter are mainly of terrestrial origin and range from 1.5 to 2.5 wt.%. The precise water depth is difficult to estimate but most likely ranges from several tens of metres to a few hundred metres. All fossil groups show minor changes throughout the succession. As the climate seems to have been quite stable during this period we consider sea-level fluctuations to have been the main factor responsible for the changes. The terrestrial input, including freshwater and land-derived clastic and organic particles (sporomorphs and cuticles), increased during periods of sea-level lowstand. As a consequence, stress conditions (lower salinity, higher nutrient availability, lower water transparency) in the photic zone caused blooms of opportunistic planktonic taxa. Furthermore, a faster sedimentation rate led to oxygen depletion and deterioration of the living conditions in the bottom environment due to an increased accumulation of organic matter. As a result, the benthic biota became taxonomically impoverished and commonly dominated by juvenile forms. During periods of high sea level, the source areas were shifted away from the basin, resulting in a decrease in the terrestrial influx, increase in the salinity of surface waters, the appearance of more diverse phytoplankton assemblages, a lower sedimentation rate, and an improvement of living conditions at the bottom.

Nutrient Input and Trophic Status of the “Neue Donau”, a High-Water Control System along the River Danube in Vienna, Austria

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dokulil ◽  
G. A. Janauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control System ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
High Water ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
River Danube ◽  
High Nutrient

The system “Neue Donau” functions as a control system for high waters of the river Danube and is an important recreational area for many people. Water quality and trophic status of the water body is thereforeof prime importance. The high nutrient concentrations of the river Danube (P-tot 238±41µg/l, N-tot 2.53±0.78 mg/l) reach the system via groundwater seepage. Present conditions in the basin of Neue Donau are,as a result of this nutrient in-flux,eutrophic to hypertrophic. Average values during the summer period have declined from 366 µg/l total phosphorus to 78 µg/l, and from 86 µg/l chlorophyll-a tol7µg/l between the years 1985 and 1988. However, a dam which is planned in the river at Vienna will permanently raise the water level of the river thus increasing the the groundwater flow in the direction to the Neue Donau and therefore the nutrient input which will enhance trophic conditions in the impoundment. Since macrophytes play an important role in one part of the system macrophyte management together with measures along the river are some of the suggested strategies to keep the system Neue Donau at acceptable trophic conditions and good water quality.

scholarly journals A reassessment of ‘<i>Globigerina bathoniana</i>’ Pazdrowa, 1969 and the palaeoceanographic significance of Jurassic planktic foraminifera from southern Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm B. Hart ◽  
Wendy Hudson ◽  
Christopher W. Smart ◽  
Jarosław Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Geological Record ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Southern Poland

Abstract. ‘Globigerina Ooze’, Foraminiferal Ooze or Carbonate Ooze as it is now known, is a widespread and highly characteristic sediment of the modern ocean system. Comparable sediments are much less common in the geological record although, as we describe here, a number of Middle Jurassic carbonate sediments with distinctive assemblages from Central Europe fulfil many of the criteria. One important component of these assemblages in the Middle Jurassic is ‘Globigerina bathoniana’ Pazdrowa, 1969, first described from the Bathonian sediments near Ogrodzieniec (Poland). The generic assignment of this species and other coeval Jurassic taxa is discussed. This species and many of the other early planktic foraminifera evolved in the Aragonite ll Ocean, together with the other two oceanic carbonate producers: the calcareous nannofossils and the calcareous dinoflagellates. The preservation of carbonate sediments with abundant planktic foraminifera on the sea floor indicates that, by the mid-Jurassic, the carbonate/aragonite compensation depths (and associated lysoclines) must have developed in the water column.

Palaeoenvironmental significance of iron carbonate concretions from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Iron Carbonate ◽  
Reactive Iron ◽  
Carbonate Concretions ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Textural Relationship ◽  
Redox Boundary ◽  
Sediment Layers

ABSTRACT Witkowska, M. 2012. Palaeoenvironmental significance of iron carbonate concretions from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Krakow-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (3), 307-324. Warszawa. Iron carbonate concretion horizons are characteristic features of the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) claystone-mudstone succession at Gnaszyn. They occur in single horizons, which generally represent the same genetic type. The siderite concretions are the main type of iron carbonate concretions at Gnaszyn; a second type is represented by phosphate-siderite concretions. On the basis of the fieldwork, and their petrographical and mineralogical characteristics, the genesis of the concretions and their palaeoenvironmental significance is discussed. The results of this study (based on the localization, mode of occurrence, mineralogy of iron carbonate concretions and also the textural relationship between the concretions and host sediment layers) suggest an early diagenetic origin of the concretions. The preferential occurrence of the concretion horizons in single layers in the ambient sediments was associated with particular conditions of their deposition and early diagenesis, favored by a slower sedimentation rate and more intense bioturbation, and related primarily to the greater availability of reactive iron ions. From the viewpoint of physicochemical conditions the horizons with iron carbonate concretions in the study area reflect the redox boundary between oxic/bioturbated and anoxic/non-bioturbated zones. The conditions favoring the formation of such horizons was possibly due to longer periods of diminished sedimentation rate when the redox boundary remained in the same position within the sediment.

Faunal dynamics of foraminiferal assemblages in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Smoleń
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
South Central ◽  
Bottom Waters

ABSTRACT Smoleń, J. 2012. Faunal dynamics of foraminiferal assemblages in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62(3), 403-419. Warszawa. The faunal dynamics of benthic foraminifera in the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of Gnaszyn (Kraków- Częstochowa Upland, south-central Poland) are used to reconstruct sedimentary environments. Two types of foraminiferal assemblages, distinct in their quantitative and qualitative composition, were distinguished; type I assemblages, characterizing intervals between horizons with sideritic concretions; and type II assemblages, characterising horizons with sideritic concretions. Benthic foraminifers were further subdivided into eight ecological morphogroups, based on their morphological features and micro-habitats. Type I assemblages consist mostly of plano/concavo-convex, small-sized epifaunal morphotypes, with a restricted occurrence of shallow infaunal forms and a scarcity of deep infaunal taxa, which suggests low-oxygen conditions in both sediment and bottom waters, and a high sedimentation rate in an outer shelf environment. Type II assemblages are characterized by high taxonomic diversity, high specimen abundance and variability of epifaunal and infaunal morphotypes representing a mixed group of specialized feeding strategies. This suggests optimum living conditions controlled by a lower sedimentation rate, relatively well-oxygenated bottom waters and sufficient or high food supply.

The relationship between starch content in rhizomes of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and trophic conditions of habitat

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kubin ◽  
A. Melzer ◽  
H. Čižkova
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
One Year ◽  
Reed Decline ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisThe hypothesis of reed decline being a consequence of eutrophication has been proved. Rhizomes of P. australis from two habitats differing in nutrient availability were collected during one year. In the nutrient-poor habitat, less aboveground biomass and greater starch reserves were formed in comparison with the nutrient-rich one. In the stand with a high nutrient availability, a decrease in starch content was observed in horizontal rhizomes during autumn.

scholarly journals Reworked nannofossils from the Lower Miocene deposits in the Magura Nappe (Outer Western Carpathians, Poland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Oszczypko-Clowes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Calcareous Nannoplankton ◽  
Lower Miocene ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Outer Western Carpathians ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

Abstract Studies, based on calcareous nannofossils, proved that the level of reworked microfossils had so far been underestimated. More recently detailed quantitative studies of calcareous nannoplankton of the Magura, Malcov, Zawada and Kremna formations from the Magura Nappe in Poland documented a degree of nannofossil recycling among those formations. In the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene pelagic Leluchów Marl Member of the Malcov Formation the level of redeposition is very low (0-3.80 %), however, in the flysch deposits of the Malcov Formation reworking increased to 31.4 %. Late Oligocene through Early Miocene “molasse” type deposits of the Zawada and Kremna formations contain 43.7-69.0 % of reworked nannofossils. Quantitative analyses of the reworked assemblages confirmed the domination of Paleogene nannofossil species over Cretaceous ones. The most abundant, reworked assemblages belong to the Early- Middle Eocene age.

scholarly journals Evidence of high Sr/Ca in a Middle Jurassic murolith coccolith species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Suchéras-Marx ◽  
Fabienne Giraud ◽  
Alexandre Simionovici ◽  
Rémi Tucoulou ◽  
Isabelle Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Photic Zone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Continuous Record ◽  
The Common ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Paleoceanographical reconstructions are often based on microfossil geochemical analyses. Coccoliths are the most ancient, abundant and continuous record of pelagic photic zone calcite producer organisms. Hence, they could be valuable substrates for geochemically based paleoenvironmental reconstructions but only Sr/Ca is exploited even if it remains poorly understood. For example, some murolith coccoliths species have very high Sr/Ca compared to the common 1-4 mmol/mol recorded in placolith coccoliths. In this study, we analyzed the elemental composition of the Middle Jurassic murolith Crepidolithus crassus by synchrotron-based nanoXRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy) mapping focusing on Sr/Ca and compared the record to two placolith species, namely Watznaueria contracta and Discorhabdus striatus. In C. crassus, Sr/Ca is more than ten times higher than in both placoliths and seems higher in the proximal cycle. By comparison with the placoliths analyzed in the same analytical set-up and from the same sample, we exclude the impact of the diagenesis and seawater Sr/Ca to explain the high Sr/Ca in C. crassus. Based on comparisons to Pontosphaera discopora and Scyphosphaera apsteinii which also have high Sr/Ca, it seems more likely that high Sr/Ca in C. crassus is either due to the vertical elongation of the R-units of the proximal cycle or related to the action of the special polysaccharide controlling the growth of those vertically elongated R-units that may have affinities to Sr2+. In order to apply the Sr/Ca proxy to muroliths, further investigations are needed on cultured coccoliths.

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