scholarly journals Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd (Rhamnaceae): Dynamics of Secretion and Potential for Honey Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adgaba Nuru ◽  
Awad M. Awad ◽  
Ahmad A. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alqarni ◽  
Sarah E. Radloff
Keyword(s):  
High Potential ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Nectar Sugar

Abstract The nectar secretion of Ziziphus flowers was studied by removing and measuring the nectar every four hours, for two consecutive days, from 88 flowers of four trees (‘repeated sampling’). In another 120 flowers from the same trees, the accumulated sugar was measured at the end of the flowering stage. The mass of the nectar sugar was determined following the washing technique. The total amount of sugar per tree was calculated by multiplying the number of flowers per tree by the average mass of nectar sugar secreted per flower. The average mass of sugar produced per flower in repeated sampling was 0.79±0.54 mg/flower (range 0.09 - 2.48 mg). The average mass of sugar per flower for each of the four investigated trees was 1.43±0.53 mg, 0.72±0.27 mg, 0.94±0.39 mg and 0.37±0.26 mg, respectively. The differences among trees was statistically significant. For accumulated nectar, the overall average mass of sugar per flower was 0.55±0.23 mg (range 0.06 - 1.29 mg) and the average values for flowers on the investigated trees of Z. spina-christi were 0.69±0.26 mg, 0.41±0.16 mg, 0.51±0.16 mg and 0.53±0.21 mg; these variations were statistically significant. The average mass of nectar sugar calculated for the flowers with accumulated nectar sampling was significantly lower than the average mass of sugar recorded for repeated nectar sugar samplings (0.79±0.54 mg). According to this study, one Ziziphus tree is estimated to produce 3.6 kg of honey (range 2.2 - 5.2 kg), equivalent to about 900 kg of honey/ha (range 550 - 1300 kg). These figures indicate the high potential value of the plant for honey production. Nectar secretion was positively correlated with temperature, indicating the adaptation of the tree to hot climates.

scholarly journals Floral Phenology, Nectar Secretion Dynamics, and Honey Production Potential, of Two Lavender Species (Lavandula Dentata, and L. Pubescens ) in Southwestern Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adgaba Nuru ◽  
Ahmad A. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Yilma T. Tena ◽  
Awraris G. Shenkut ◽  
Mohammad J. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to determine the floral phenology, nectar secretion dynamics, and honey production potentials of two naturally growing lavender species (L. dentata and L. pubescens), in southwestern Saudi Arabia. In both species, flowering is continuous. This means that, when open flowers on a spike are shaded, new flowers emerge. Such a flowering pattern might be advantageous to the plant to minimise competition for pollinators and promote efficient resource allocation. The flowering periods of the two species overlap. Both species secreted increasing amounts of nectar from early morning to late afternoon. The mean maximum volumes of accumulated nectar from bagged flowers occurred at 15:00 for L. pubescens (0.50 ± 0.24 μL/flower) and at 18:00 for L. dentata (0.68 ± 0.19 μL/flower). The volume of the nectar that became available between two successive measurements (three-h intervals) varied from 0.04 μL/flower to 0.28 μL/flower for L. pubescens and from 0.04 μL/flower to 0.35 μL/ flower for L. dentata, This variation reflects the differences in the dynamics of nectar secretion by these species, and indicates the size of the nectar that may be available for flower visitors at given time intervals. The distribution of nectar secretions appears to be an adaptation of the species to reward pollinators for longer duration. Based on the mean amount of nectar sugar secreted by the plants, the honey production potentials of the species are estimated to be 4973.34 mg and 3463.41 mg honey/plant for L. dentata and L. pubescens, respectively.

Effects of Proposed Passamaquoddy Power Project on Anadromous Fishes in Canadian Waters

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Kerswill
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Sport Fishery ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Power Project

Atlantic salmon, smelt, alewives, shad, eastern brook trout, and introduced brown trout occur in waters that will be affected by the Passamaquoddy power project. The first four species are taken occasionally in herring weirs but total annual landed values did not exceed $6,000 in the period 1937 to 1956. Salmon and trout have high potential value for angling, subject to improvements in local river management.Construction of tidal power dams should overcome the present lack of typical estuarine conditions in the Passamaquoddy area and favour production of anadromous species. An improved sport fishery for sea-run trout could develop. Realization of the potential production of Atlantic salmon, alewives and shad, but possibly not sea-run trout, would depend on satisfactory access from the Bay of Fundy to the impounded areas.

scholarly journals Nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potentials of some major honey plants in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuru Adgaba ◽  
Ahmed Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Yilma Tadesse ◽  
Awraris Getachew ◽  
Awad M. Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Honey Production

Discrete Construction of Compoundly Weighted Voronoi Diagram

2013 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 545-548
Author(s):  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Voronoi Diagram ◽  
Voronoi Diagrams ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Graphic Display ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Discrete Algorithms ◽  
Traditional Algorithm ◽  
Definition Of

Compoundly weighted Voronoi diagram is difficult to construct because the bisector is fairly complex. In traditional algorithm, production process is always extremely complex and it is more difficult to graphic display because of the complex definition of mathematic formula. In this paper, discrete algorithms are used to construct compoundly weighted Voronoi diagrams. The algorithm can get over all kinds of shortcomings that we have just mentioned. So it is more useful and effective than the traditional algorithm. The results show that the algorithm is both simple and useful, and it is of high potential value in practice.

scholarly journals Continental Public Finance: Mapping and Recovering a Tradition

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen G. Backhaus ◽  
Richard E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Public Economic ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Fiscal Sociology

Abstract This essay surveys some general features of continental public finance analysis, emphasizing its distinctiveness from Anglo-Saxon public economic theory. Starting from the cameralist origins of public finance, we examine the science-of-state approach, the catallactical approach to public finance associated with Knut Wicksel, the Italian fiscal scholarship, and the fiscal sociology. The purpose of this essay is to introduce the reader to a tradition in public finance analysis that, while having experienced a diminished presence in contemporary textbook treatments, nonetheless offers high potential value for fiscal scholarship.

scholarly journals Nectar secretion of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, Myrtaceae: Potential for honey production

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Tura Bareke ◽  
◽  
Tesfaye Abera ◽  
Admassu Addi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Honey Yield

The honey production capacity of bee flora is used to estimate the optimum colony carrying capacity of given area that helps to harvest the best honey yield. The research was conducted to quantify the nectar secretion pattern, the effect of temperature and humidity on dynamics of nectar secretion, and honey production capacity of Callistemon citrinus. One day before nectar collection, five inflorescences were enclosed with mesh bags on different branches of the tree. From these, twenty flowers were randomly selected per tree for the measurement of nectar volume. Additionally, nectar volume and concentration, temperature, and air humidity were measured with an interval of one hour. One way ANOVA and linear regression were used for data analysis. The average amount of nectar and its concentration were different significantly within the time of the day. Nectar amount was correlated positively with humidity while concentration was negatively correlated with temperature. The average nectar volume (µl) per flower in 24 hours, sugar amount per tree (kg), honey yield per individual tree (kg) and honey production capacity of Callistemon citrinus per hectare were 10.9+0.4, 0.65, 0.79, and 1264 kg (46-3808 kg), respectively. The real expected honey yield was 632 kg ha-1. Total financial return was estimated to be $4424 based on a value of $7 kg-1 of Callistemon citrinus honey. Therefore, the multiplication and plantation of this plant are suggested for honey production.

Nectar Secretion Dynamics and Honey Production Potential of Croton macrostachyus L., Euphorbiaceae

Bee World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Tura Bareke ◽  
Tolera Kumsa ◽  
Kasim Roba ◽  
Admassu Addi
Keyword(s):  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus

STUDIES OF NECTAR SECRETION IN EXCISED FLOWERS: I.THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL CONDITIONS ON QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF NECTAR

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Nectar Sugar

Nectar secretion was studied in excised flowers of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) grown in culture solution during the secretory period. The supply of sugar to the flower was regulated by varying the sugar concentration of the culture medium or the volume of medium entering the flower. Nectar sugar yield, as well as flower dry weight, was closely related to the sugar supply. Concentration of sugar in the nectar was almost identical with that of the medium, suggesting that osmotic work was not done by the nectaries. Sucrose consistently supported much higher yields of nectar than any of the other sugars tested, though many of the other sugars appeared to be assimilated as readily by the flower as sucrose. Sugar transformations occurred in nectar of flowers cultured on sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and raffinose, but not in flowers supplied with xylose or sorbose. Sucrose spots were usually found in chromatograms of nectar in which transformations occurred. Despite the lack of evidence for the performance of osmotic work, the data are considered to support the recent suggestion by Frey-Wyssling that secretion results from metabolic activity in the nectary.

Evaluation of the apicultural value of sunflower hybrids

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zajácz ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
G. Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Partial Data ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Production Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Sunflower is one of the most important bee-pasture crops and the leading oil crop plant in Hungary. There are very few studies concerning the nectar production of the plant, most of which consist only of partial data that show the apicultural value of sunflower under intensive cultivation conditions.The nectar production and nectar sugar concentration of six sunflower hybrids, Arena, Alexandra, Cledor, Coriste, Hysun 321 PR and Louidor, were examined in Mezőhegyes (south-east Hungary) from 2002 to 2004. The aim was to determine the nectar production and overall apicultural value of the hybrids. In the experiment the agroecological conditions were also examined and recorded. These agroecological conditions showed a distinctive effect on the consistency of the apicultural values of the hybrids.It can be determined from the results that the nectar production and its sugar content can be modified measurably by external factors. The nectar quantity was measurably increased by abundant precipitation during flowering, while an increase in the nectar sugar content was caused by excessively low air temperature. During these three years the average nectar production of the hybrids was 0.147 mg/floret, with a sugar content of 48.8%. Significant differences were found between the hybrids in nectar production and in the nectar sugar concentration.Averaged over three years Coriste displayed the best apicultural value. Its nectar production was stable and high (0.167 mg/floret). Its high sugar content (49.1%) also proved to be attractive to honey bees (sugar value 0.082). The lowest apicultural value was displayed by the hybrid Alexandra, with a sugar value of 0.059. This suggests that the honey production value of the individual hybrids should be taken into consideration during the selection of bee pastures.

scholarly journals An economic analysis of blast fishing on Indonesian coral reefs

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PET-SOEDE ◽  
H.S.J. CESAR ◽  
J.S. PET
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Blast Fishing

Characteristics, impacts and economic costs and benefits of blast fishing have been little investigated and they were therefore studied in Indonesia, at the scale of individual fishing households and of Indonesian society as a whole. Although illegal and highly destructive to coral reefs, blast fishing provides income and fish to a vast number of coastal fishers who claim that they have no alternative to make a living. Crew members in small-, medium- and large-scale blast fishing operations earned net incomes per month of US$55, 146 and 197 respectively. Boat owners in the same types of operations earned US$55, 393 and 1100 respectively. These incomes were comparable to the highest incomes in the conventional coastal fisheries. At the individual household level, the differences between the three types of operations show clear incentives for scale enlargement. The cost-benefit balance at the society level was calculated with an economic model. This analysis showed a net loss after 20 years of blast fishing of US$306 800 per km2 of coral reef where there is a high potential value of tourism and coastal protection, and US$33 900 per km2 of coral reef where there is a low potential value. The main quantifiable costs are through loss of the coastal protection function, foregone benefits of tourism, and foregone benefits of non-destructive fisheries. The economic costs to society are four times higher than the total net private benefits from blast fishing in areas with high potential value of tourism and coastal protection. This analysis of characteristics, impact and economics of blast fishing should help to raise the political will to ban blast fishing from Indonesian waters. Moreover, it allows for an evaluation of possible management solutions, taking into account their costs and the socio-economic framework that caused coastal fishers to start using explosives.

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