scholarly journals Floral Phenology, Nectar Secretion Dynamics, and Honey Production Potential, of Two Lavender Species (Lavandula Dentata, and L. Pubescens ) in Southwestern Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adgaba Nuru ◽  
Ahmad A. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Yilma T. Tena ◽  
Awraris G. Shenkut ◽  
Mohammad J. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to determine the floral phenology, nectar secretion dynamics, and honey production potentials of two naturally growing lavender species (L. dentata and L. pubescens), in southwestern Saudi Arabia. In both species, flowering is continuous. This means that, when open flowers on a spike are shaded, new flowers emerge. Such a flowering pattern might be advantageous to the plant to minimise competition for pollinators and promote efficient resource allocation. The flowering periods of the two species overlap. Both species secreted increasing amounts of nectar from early morning to late afternoon. The mean maximum volumes of accumulated nectar from bagged flowers occurred at 15:00 for L. pubescens (0.50 ± 0.24 μL/flower) and at 18:00 for L. dentata (0.68 ± 0.19 μL/flower). The volume of the nectar that became available between two successive measurements (three-h intervals) varied from 0.04 μL/flower to 0.28 μL/flower for L. pubescens and from 0.04 μL/flower to 0.35 μL/ flower for L. dentata, This variation reflects the differences in the dynamics of nectar secretion by these species, and indicates the size of the nectar that may be available for flower visitors at given time intervals. The distribution of nectar secretions appears to be an adaptation of the species to reward pollinators for longer duration. Based on the mean amount of nectar sugar secreted by the plants, the honey production potentials of the species are estimated to be 4973.34 mg and 3463.41 mg honey/plant for L. dentata and L. pubescens, respectively.

scholarly journals Nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potentials of some major honey plants in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuru Adgaba ◽  
Ahmed Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Yilma Tadesse ◽  
Awraris Getachew ◽  
Awad M. Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Honey Production

scholarly journals Flowering, Forage Value, and Insect Pollination in Borage (Borago Officinalis L.) Cultivated in Se Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Ernest Stawiarz ◽  
Anna Wróblewska ◽  
Marzena Masierowska ◽  
Dagmara Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Forage Value

AbstractThe three-year study on borage was conducted in Lublin, SE Poland. The aims were to investigate the flowering pattern and abundance, and the attractiveness (in terms of nectar and pollen production) for flower-visiting insects, mainly bees. Insect visitation and the effect of pollinators on fruit set and seed set were assessed as well. Flowering of borage started in the latter half of June and lasted eight weeks. The mean number of flowers · m−2 of the crop was 4570 per season. A borage flower produced on average 4.0 mg of nectar with a mean sugar concentration of 31.5%. The mean total sugar amount secreted in nectar was 1.2 mg. The pollen amount · flower−1 was 1.1 mg. A borage plant can supply insects with 1.1 g of nectar sugars and 1.1 g of pollen. The estimated nectar sugar yield and pollen yield per 1 m2 of the crop were similar, i.e. 5.2 g. Bees accounted for 73.0% of all insect visits to the borage flowers. The presence of insect pollinators increased the fruit set by 43.3% and seed set by 26.8%.

Nectar secretion strategy in three Japanese species: changes in nectar volume and sugar concentration dependent on flower age and flowering order

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Kato ◽  
Satoki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Flower Age ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean

We explored how changes in nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration depend on flower age and flowering order in Gentiana triflora Pallas var. japonica (Kusnez.) Hara, Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb., and Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et Mey. var. esculenta (Koidz.) Ohwi. In G. triflora var. japonica and H. middendorffii var. esculenta, change in nectar volume was small, whereas larger changes in nectar sugar concentration occurred depending on flower age. In L. sessilifolia, both the mean nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration clearly decreased with flower age. In all species, the mean nectar volume of the early-flowering group per plant was high. In terms of the change in sex allocation, the investment in male and female organs of the early-flowering group was high in G. triflora var. japonica and L. sessilifolia. We suggest that plants of G. triflora var. japonica and H. middendorffii var. esculenta secrete floral nectar for up to several days to sustain nectar volume to keep attracting pollinators while simultaneously reducing resource usage. Greater nectar secretion in the early-flowering group, in which flowers have more pollen and ovules, may contribute to greater reproductive success and may be effective for pollinators in learning the location of the plants and flowers. In addition, learning by pollinators should result in increased reproductive success of the later blooming flowers.

scholarly journals Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd (Rhamnaceae): Dynamics of Secretion and Potential for Honey Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adgaba Nuru ◽  
Awad M. Awad ◽  
Ahmad A. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alqarni ◽  
Sarah E. Radloff
Keyword(s):  
High Potential ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Nectar Sugar

Abstract The nectar secretion of Ziziphus flowers was studied by removing and measuring the nectar every four hours, for two consecutive days, from 88 flowers of four trees (‘repeated sampling’). In another 120 flowers from the same trees, the accumulated sugar was measured at the end of the flowering stage. The mass of the nectar sugar was determined following the washing technique. The total amount of sugar per tree was calculated by multiplying the number of flowers per tree by the average mass of nectar sugar secreted per flower. The average mass of sugar produced per flower in repeated sampling was 0.79±0.54 mg/flower (range 0.09 - 2.48 mg). The average mass of sugar per flower for each of the four investigated trees was 1.43±0.53 mg, 0.72±0.27 mg, 0.94±0.39 mg and 0.37±0.26 mg, respectively. The differences among trees was statistically significant. For accumulated nectar, the overall average mass of sugar per flower was 0.55±0.23 mg (range 0.06 - 1.29 mg) and the average values for flowers on the investigated trees of Z. spina-christi were 0.69±0.26 mg, 0.41±0.16 mg, 0.51±0.16 mg and 0.53±0.21 mg; these variations were statistically significant. The average mass of nectar sugar calculated for the flowers with accumulated nectar sampling was significantly lower than the average mass of sugar recorded for repeated nectar sugar samplings (0.79±0.54 mg). According to this study, one Ziziphus tree is estimated to produce 3.6 kg of honey (range 2.2 - 5.2 kg), equivalent to about 900 kg of honey/ha (range 550 - 1300 kg). These figures indicate the high potential value of the plant for honey production. Nectar secretion was positively correlated with temperature, indicating the adaptation of the tree to hot climates.

scholarly journals Floral phenology, floral rewards and insect visitation in an ornamental species Geranium platypetalum Fisch. and C. A. Mey., Geraniaceae

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Masierowska
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ornamental Species

This 4-year study examined the flowering pattern, floral display, nectar and pollen production as well as insect visitation to a perennial <i>Geranium platypetalum</i> Fisch. and C. A. Mey. <i>G. platypetalum</i> bloomed from the end of May until the end of June. The pattern of flowering shows the skewed distribution with a tendency towards a more symmetrical curve. The flower display size fluctuated during the flowering season. The most intense blooming fell in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> flowering week. The flowers exhibit incomplete protandry. Nectar productivity differed significantly between and stage of flower development. Ten and flowers secreted 29.8 mg and 17.6 mg of nectar, on average, respectively, with mean sugar content of 33.9% and 43.1%. The mean total sugar mass in nectar was similar for both stages and the values were 10.2 mg and 8.2 mg, respectively. Pollen mass per 10 flowers was 19.06 mg. Bees (Apoidea) were the principal visitors on <i>Geranium</i> flowers. The peak of daily activity of visitors occurred between 10.00 and 14.00 hrs. The insects gathered mainly nectar. The mean visiting rate was 0.149 visit per flower×min<sup>-1</sup>. Increased use of <i>G. platypetalum</i> in parks and gardens is recommended in order to enrich the nectar pasture for <i>A. mellifera</i> and wild Apoidea.

Thermoregulatory responses to cold water at different times of day

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
James E. Kain ◽  
Michael N. Sawka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
The Mean

This study examined how time of day affects thermoregulation during cold-water immersion (CWI). It was hypothesized that the shivering and vasoconstrictor responses to CWI would differ at 0700 vs. 1500 because of lower initial core temperatures (Tcore) at 0700. Nine men were immersed (20°C, 2 h) at 0700 and 1500 on 2 days. No differences ( P > 0.05) between times were observed for metabolic heat production (M˙, 150 W ⋅ m−2), heat flow (250 W ⋅ m−2), mean skin temperature (T sk, 21°C), and the mean body temperature-change in M˙(ΔM˙) relationship. Rectal temperature (Tre) was higher ( P < 0.05) before (Δ = 0.4°C) and throughout CWI during 1500. The change in Tre was greater ( P < 0.05) at 1500 (−1.4°C) vs. 0700 (−1.2°C), likely because of the higher Tre-T skgradient (0.3°C) at 1500. These data indicate that shivering and vasoconstriction are not affected by time of day. These observations raise the possibility that CWI may increase the risk of hypothermia in the early morning because of a lower initial Tcore.

scholarly journals Disease phenotype analyses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Canada and Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S32-S32
Author(s):  
M Alluqmani ◽  
M Alqermli ◽  
G Blevins ◽  
B Alotibi ◽  
F Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits a spectrum of clinical findings, especially in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS). To assess the effects of geographic location and ethnicity on RR-MS phenotype, we investigated RR-MS patients in Canada and Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients receiving active care in MS Clinics was performed in Medina, Saudi Arabia and Edmonton, Alberta. Demographic and clinical data was collected for each patient. Results: 98 patients with treated RR-MS were recruited (n=51, Medina; n=47, Edmonton); 40 patients were Caucasian (Edmonton) while 46 patients were Bedouin (Medina). Although the disease duration was longer in the Edmonton (5.7+2.3 yr) compared to the Medina group (4.4+1.4 yr) (p<0.05), the mean age of RR-MS onset, relapse rate and EDSS change were similar. The female:male ratio was comparable in Edmonton (35:12) and Medina (32:19), as was the risk of optic neuritis. The likelihood of an infratentorial lesion-associated presentation differed (Edmonton, n=23; Medina; n=13) among groups (p<0.05). Spinal cord lesions on MRI were more frequent in Edmonton (n=18) compared to Medina (n=1) patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Despite differences in location, ethnicity, and a predominance of infratentorial lesion burden the Edmonton group, the RR-MS phenotype displayed similar disease severity and trajectory in these cohorts.

scholarly journals Calibration of the depth invariant algorithm to monitor the tidal action of Rabigh City at the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1666-1678
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Aljahdali ◽  
Mohamed Elhag
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
The Mean

AbstractRabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The city has suffered from shoreline destruction because of the invasive tidal action powered principally by the wind speed and direction over shallow waters. This study was carried out to calibrate the water column depth in the vicinity of Rabigh. Optical and microwave remote sensing data from the European Space Agency were collected over 2 years (2017–2018) along with the analog daily monitoring of tidal data collected from the marine station of Rabigh. Depth invariant index (DII) was implemented utilizing the optical data, while the Wind Field Estimation algorithm was implemented utilizing the microwave data. The findings of the current research emphasis on the oscillation behavior of the depth invariant mean values and the mean astronomical tides resulted in R2 of 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. Robust linear regression was established between the astronomical tide and the mean values of the normalized DII (R2 = 0.81). The findings also indicated that January had the strongest wind speed solidly correlated with the depth invariant values (R2 = 0.92). Therefore, decision-makers can depend on remote sensing data as an efficient tool to monitor natural phenomena and also to regulate human activities in fragile ecosystems.

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Saudi Arabia: A 30-Month Prospective Surveillance

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Almuneef ◽  
Ziad A. Memish ◽  
Hanan H. Balkhy ◽  
Hala Alalem ◽  
Abdulrahman Abutaleb
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prior Antibiotic Therapy

AbstractObjective:To describe the rate, risk factors, and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in pediatric patients.Methods:This prospective surveillance study of VAP among all patients receiving mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or more admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Saudi Arabia from May 2000 to November 2002 used National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System definitions.Results:Three hundred sixty-one eligible patients were enrolled. Most were Saudi with a mean age of 28.6 months. Thirty-seven developed VAP. The mean VAP rate was 8.87 per 1,000 ventilation-days with a ventilation utilization rate of 47%. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 21 days for VAP patients and 10 days for non-VAP patients. The mean PICU stay was 34 days for VAP patients and 15 days for non-VAP patients. Among VAP patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Other gram-negative organisms were also encountered. There was no significant difference between VAP and non-VAP patients regarding mortality rate. Witnessed aspiration, reintubation, prior antibiotic therapy, continuous enteral feeding, and bronchoscopy were associated with VAP. On multiple logistic regression analysis, only prior antibiotic therapy, continuous enteral feeding, and bronchoscopy were independent predictors of VAP.Conclusions:The mean VAP rate in this hospital was higher than that reported by NNIS System surveillance of PICUs. This study has established a benchmark for future studies of VAP in the pediatric intensive care population in Saudi Arabia. Additional studies from the region are necessary for comparison and development of preventive measures.

scholarly journals Clinical and histopathological pattern of colorectal malignancies, the experience in a tertiary hospital in south-western region, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4684
Author(s):  
Majed Saleh M. Aldayhum ◽  
Anas Abdullah R. Alshehri ◽  
Dlaim H. AlQahtani ◽  
Eman Yahia Alfussaily ◽  
Suha Abdulrahman S. Althibait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Common Grade ◽  
The Mean

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer all over the world and the second leading cause of the cancer death in both sexes. CRC is the second most common cancer in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. However, this aspect was not recently studied.Methods: This is a retrospectively cohort based study. We collected and analyzed the records of the patients with CRC diagnosed at Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia from January 2008 to June 2016. A pre-specified data sheet was used to collect information regarding socio-demographics, age, Altitude, site of tumor, clinical presentation, outcome and prognosis as well as histopathological pattern of cancer and the stages of disease. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS.Results: A total of 291 cases of CRC were registered in the Aseer Central Hospital. 171 cases 58.87% were males while 120 cases 41.2% were females. The mean age of patients (SD) at the time of diagnosis was 59.38 years. At the time of diagnosis, 219 patients 84.6% presented with early stage disease and 40 15.4% had distant metastasis advanced stage. The most frequent CRC located in sigmoid 26.5%, rectal 23.7%and 14% in ascending. The moderately differentiate adenocarcinoma grade of tumor is being the most common grade among all variants 75.6%.Conclusions: In this study, we have nearly similar results found in previously published study by Alshehri et al. Males considered most affected, most of the patients were more than 50 years, 84.6% of the patients came with early stage disease. Left side colon were the most common site of CRC.

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