scholarly journals The potential protective effects of malacca (Phyllanthus emblica L.) extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
ETRINA MELINDA ◽  
ERMI GIRSANG ◽  
ALI NAPIAH NASUTION
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Sample Extract ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Doxorubicin as a chemotherapy agent is most widely used in cancer treatment. Long-term use at a predetermined dose has a side effect, namely cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is considered to be caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is also characterized by increasing CK-MB enzyme levels in the blood. To reduce the impact of doxorubin-induced toxicity, a study was conducted on natural antioxidant sources with cardioprotective capabilities in vivo. Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit was used as a sample for a natural source of antioxidants extracted using ethanol. Then performed a phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites contained in it. This extract was administered orally in various doses to the experimental animal Wistar rats and the induced doxorubicin to these animals. The CK-MB enzyme levels were measured, and the heart organ histopathology test was performed. The results of this study indicate that P. emblica L. fruit extract contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and triterpenoids compounds. Extract treatment at a 400 mg/kg BW dose showed the best reduction in CK-MB levels with great improvements in regular arrangement and shape of myocardial muscle cells of cardiac tissue. The sample extract at a 400 mg/kg BW dose showed remarkably decreasing of CK-MB great improvements of heart tissue on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. This study showed the potential protective effect of P. emblica L. against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of amifostine in protection against doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxic effects in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Dragojevic-Simic ◽  
Silva Dobric ◽  
Vesna Jacevic ◽  
Dubravko Bokonjic ◽  
Ivica Milosavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Antitumor Action ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rat Myocardium ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background/Aim. Amifostine (AMI) is a broad-spectrum cytoprotector which protects against variety of radio- and chemotherapy-related toxicities without decreasing their antitumor action. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential protective effects of AMI against acute cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in male Wistar rats. Methods. AMI (300 mg/kg ip) was given 30 min before DOX (6 mg/kg and 10mg/kg b.w., iv). The evaluation of DOXinduced cardiotoxic effects, as well as cardioprotective efficacy of AMI was performed 48 h after their administration by determining serum activities of enzymes known to be markers of cardiac damage (creatine kinase - CK, aspartate aminotransferase - AST, lactate dehydrogenase - LDH, and its isoenzyme ?-hydroxybutirate dehydrogenase - ?- HBDH), as well as the histopathological and ultrastructural analysis of the heart tissue. Results. AMI successfully prevented a significant increase in serum activity of CK, AST, LDH and ?-HBDH in animals treated with DOX in the dose of 6 mg/kg (121.14 ? 18.37 vs 167.70 ? 44.24; 771.42 ? 161.99 vs 1057.00 ? 300.00; 3230.00 ? 1031.73 vs 4243.10 ? 904.06; 202.57 ? 42.46 vs 294.90 ? 80.20 UI/l, respectively), and ameliorated DOX-induced structural damage of the rat myocardium. Pretreatment with AMI in rats given 10 mg/kg DOX reduced the cardiac damage score (CDS) from 2.62 ? 0.51 to 1.62 ? 0.51, i.e. to the CDS value obtained with the lower dose of DOX (6 mg/kg). The ultrastructural analysis of the rat myocardium showed that AMI successfully protected the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes and reduced mitochondria damage induced by DOX given in the dose of 6 mg/kg. Besides, capillaries were less morphologically changed and apoptosis of endothelial cells was extremely rare in AMI-protected animals. AMI itself did not cause any prominent changes in the examined parameters in comparison with the control rats. Conclusion. AMI provided a significant protection against DOX-induced acute cardiotoxic effects in rats. This finding implies its potential to be a successful cardioprotector in patients treated with DOX due to malignant diseases.

scholarly journals Toxicity Effects of Intraperitoneal Injection of Biochemical Nanosilver on Cardiac Tissue Structure Following Aerobic Training in Male Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
Forogh Javaheri Houshi ◽  
◽  
Asieh Abbassi-Daloii ◽  
Ahmad Abdi ◽  
Seyed Javad Ziaolhagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Aims Silver nanoparticles are among the most valuable products of nanoscale technology, widely used in various sciences. The present study investigated the effects of biochemical silver nanoparticles on the structure of the heart tissue of non-observatory rats in the course of aerobic training. Methods & Materials In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 8 to 12 weeks and weighing 34.9±202 g were studied. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of control, aerobic training, aerobic training, and nanobiological injection, aerobic and-nanochemical injection, nanobiological injection, and nanochemical injection. Chemical and biological silver was injected intraperitoneally after a period of aerobic training. The specimens were discarded after 48 hours, and the heart tissue was removed. Findings The obtained results revealed the tissue changes, including irregularities and the convergence of chemical nanosilver group significantly increased, compared to the controls. Additionally, in the biological group, there was a slight dispersion of blood in some areas. Following the aerobic training and injection of toxic nanosilver, there was no irregularities, detachment, and hypertension. Only in some areas, sporadically, the accumulation of blood cells was observed in the aerobic training and nanochemical groups. Conclusion More tissue damage occurred in chemical silver nanoparticles, than the biological nanoparticle. Possibly, aerobic training can be highly predictive of these effects.

scholarly journals Effects of systemic glycine on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels and ethanol intake in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Olsson ◽  
Helga Höifödt Lidö ◽  
Klara Danielsson ◽  
Mia Ericson ◽  
Bo Söderpalm
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Glycine Transporter 1 ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Reward Pathway

AbstractApproved medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) display modest effect sizes. Pharmacotherapy aimed at the mechanism(s) by which ethanol activates the dopamine reward pathway may offer improved outcomes. Basal and ethanol-induced accumbal dopamine release in the rat involve glycine receptors (GlyR) in the nucleus accumbens (nAc). Glycine transporter 1 (GlyT-1) inhibitors, which raise extracellular glycine levels, have repeatedly been shown to decrease ethanol intake in the rat. To further explore the rational for elevating glycine levels in the treatment of AUD, this study examined accumbal extracellular glycine and dopamine levels and voluntary ethanol intake and preference in the rat, after systemic treatment with glycine. The effects of three different doses of glycine i.p. on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels were examined using in vivo microdialysis in Wistar rats. In addition, the effects of the intermediate dose of glycine on voluntary ethanol intake and preference were examined in a limited access two-bottle ethanol/water model in the rat. Systemic glycine treatment increased accumbal glycine levels in a dose-related manner, whereas accumbal dopamine levels were elevated in a subpopulation of animals, defined as dopamine responders. Ethanol intake and preference decreased after systemic glycine treatment. These results give further support to the concept of elevating central glycine levels to reduce ethanol intake and indicate that targeting the glycinergic system may represent a pharmacologic treatment principle for AUD.

scholarly journals Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Ana Santos ◽  
Yongjun Jang ◽  
Inwoo Son ◽  
Jongseong Kim ◽  
Yongdoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.

scholarly journals The impact of indole-3-lactic acid on immature intestinal innate immunity and development: a transcriptomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyang Huang ◽  
Ky Young Cho ◽  
Di Meng ◽  
W. Allan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn excessive intestinal inflammatory response may have a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants. Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) of breastmilk tryptophan was identified as the anti-inflammatory metabolite involved in probiotic conditioned media from Bifidobacteria longum subsp infantis. This study aimed to explore the molecular endocytic pathways involved in the protective ILA effect against inflammation. H4 cells, Caco-2 cells, C57BL/6 pup and adult mice were used to compare the anti-inflammatory mechanisms between immature and mature enterocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results show that ILA has pleiotropic protective effects on immature enterocytes including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and developmental regulatory potentials in a region-dependent and an age-dependent manner. Quantitative transcriptomic analysis revealed a new mechanistic model in which STAT1 pathways play an important role in IL-1β-induced inflammation and ILA has a regulatory effect on STAT1 pathways. These studies were validated by real-time RT-qPCR and STAT1 inhibitor experiments. Different protective reactions of ILA between immature and mature enterocytes indicated that ILA’s effects are developmentally regulated. These findings may be helpful in preventing NEC for premature infants.

scholarly journals Exogenous Alginate Protects Staphylococcus aureus from Killing by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Price ◽  
Dustin G. Brown ◽  
Dominique H. Limoli ◽  
Vanessa V. Phelan ◽  
George A. O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alginate Production ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus have worse health outcomes than patients who are monoinfected with either P. aeruginosa or S. aureus. We showed previously that mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa can coexist with S. aureus in vitro due to the transcriptional downregulation of several toxic exoproducts typically produced by P. aeruginosa, including siderophores, rhamnolipids, and HQNO (2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide). Here, we demonstrate that exogenous alginate protects S. aureus from P. aeruginosa in both planktonic and biofilm coculture models under a variety of nutritional conditions. S. aureus protection in the presence of exogenous alginate is due to the transcriptional downregulation of pvdA, a gene required for the production of the iron-scavenging siderophore pyoverdine as well as the downregulation of the PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal) (2-heptyl-3,4-dihydroxyquinoline) quorum sensing system. The impact of exogenous alginate is independent of endogenous alginate production. We further demonstrate that coculture of mucoid P. aeruginosa with nonmucoid P. aeruginosa strains can mitigate the killing of S. aureus by the nonmucoid strain of P. aeruginosa, indicating that the mechanism that we describe here may function in vivo in the context of mixed infections. Finally, we investigated a panel of mucoid clinical isolates that retain the ability to kill S. aureus at late time points and show that each strain has a unique expression profile, indicating that mucoid isolates can overcome the S. aureus-protective effects of mucoidy in a strain-specific manner. IMPORTANCE CF patients are chronically infected by polymicrobial communities. The two dominant bacterial pathogens that infect the lungs of CF patients are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, with ∼30% of patients coinfected by both species. Such coinfected individuals have worse outcomes than monoinfected patients, and both species persist within the same physical space. A variety of host and environmental factors have been demonstrated to promote P. aeruginosa-S. aureus coexistence, despite evidence that P. aeruginosa kills S. aureus when these organisms are cocultured in vitro. Thus, a better understanding of P. aeruginosa-S. aureus interactions, particularly mechanisms by which these microorganisms are able to coexist in proximal physical space, will lead to better-informed treatments for chronic polymicrobial infections.

Anti-diabetogenic and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata in alloxan-induced male Wistar rats

Biomarkers ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Akpotu E. Ajirioghene ◽  
Samuel I. Ghasi ◽  
Lawrence O. Ewhre ◽  
Olusegun G. Adebayo ◽  
Jerome N. Asiwe
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEGACOLON IN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTED RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Edmundo Rodrigues FONTES ◽  
Ana Paula de ABREU ◽  
Aretuza Zaupa GASPARIM
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Group B ◽  
Digital Caliper

ABSTRACT Background: Researches on Chagas disease still use several animals and rats, due to size and susceptibility were preferred by many authors. Aim: To develop an experimental model of megacolon in rats inoculated with the strain Y of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups inoculated with different inoculants: Group A: 600000, Group B: 1000000 and Group C: 1500000 blood trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Animals were sedated intramuscularly at zero inoculation time (T0) and 60 days after inoculation (T60), to perform the barium enema in order to evaluate the dilatation of the different segments of colon in a comparative study of the measurements obtained, using a digital caliper. Evidence of infection was performed by blood smear collected from the animal’s tail 18 days after inoculation with observation of blood forms. Results: Comparing the intestinal diameter of the inoculated animals with 60,0000 trypomastigotes in the T0 of infection with T60 days after the inoculation, significant dilatation was observed between the proximal, medial and distal segments (p<0.01), indicating the establishment of the megacolon model. In addition, comparing intestinal diameter between the different segments, with in the T0 of infection and the T60 after inoculation, significant alterations were observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The proposed model was possible for in vivo studies of alterations due to infection by T. cruzi and functional alterations of the colon. In addition, the changes manifested in the colon are not directly proportional to the size of the inoculum, but to the time of infection that the animals were submitted, since the animals inoculated with 60,0000 blood forms were the ones which presented the most significant alterations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe Vera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN ULSERASI MUKOSA MULUT PADA MALE WISTAR RATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Laila Fitrotuz Zahroh ◽  
Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih ◽  
Moh. Baehaqi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Oral mucosa ulceration which often occurs usually in the form of white-yellowish spot with concave surface, reddish edge and pain. Based on previous research, Aloe vera process anti-inflammation substance that could help quickening ulceration healing process. This research aims to know the effect of Aloe vera flesh extract on Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration in-vivo. Method: this research was quasi experimental research with the post-test only control group design using Male wistar rats as the testing animal. In the research, there were three treatment groups: The first groups which was given aquadest treatment, second groups with Aloe vera flesh extract, and third groups which was given chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% treatment. The data collecting was based on histopathology observation concerning the increase of fibroblast quantity. Result: The research result based on comparison test among the three groups with One Way Anova showed that on Day 3th, the average quantity of fibroblast didn't have significant difference between the treatment group and control group positive that was p>0,05, meanwhile on Day 7th every group showed significant difference p<0,05. Conclusion: It concluded that Aloe vera flesh extract has influence on the healing of Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration as shown by fibroblast increasing quantity.

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