scholarly journals INTERVENSI KOGNITIF PERILAKU DALAM KELOMPOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF-ESTEEM PADA MAHASISWI YANG TINGGAL DI ASRAMA UNIVERISTAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Gilberta Permata Mahanani ◽  
Fivi Nurwianti
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

Self-esteem merupakan sebuah proses kognitif akan evaluasi seseorang akan seberapa berharga atau bernilai dirinya sebagai individu. Pendekatan kognitif perilaku merupakan pendekatan yang paling sering digunakan dalam berbagai intervensi terkait permasalahan self-esteem. Fokus dalam intervensi kognitif perilaku adalah mengubah persepsi individu, sehingga diasumsikan dapat sesuai untuk menangani permasalahan self-esteem. Pelaksanaan intervensi dalam kelompok dipilih karena memungkinkan partisipan untuk mengatasi masalah secara bersama-sama sehingga setiap partisipan akan memperoleh dampak positif dari interaksi yang muncul dalam kelompok.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efektivitas pelaksanaan intervensi kognitif-perilaku yang diterapkan dalam kelompok untuk meningkatkan self esteem. Peneliti menggunakan desain penelitian one group before-and-after study dalam tiga sesi intervensi kognitif-perilaku. Partisipan adalah 4 orang mahasiswi yang tinggal di Asrama Universitas X (M= 18.5 tahun) dengan tingkat self-esteem rendah. Pengukuran self-esteem dilakukan pada proses pre, post dan follow-up menggunakan Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 3 dari 4 partisipan mengalami peningkatan self-esteem. Peneliti mengasumsikan bahwa peningkatan self-esteem juga didukung oleh manajemen tugas yang baik dan kemampuan keterampilan sosial.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with morbid obesity: Five years of follow-up, a before and after study

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Cristobalina Rodríguez- Álvarez ◽  
Alfonso Orelve Acosta-Torrecilla ◽  
Enrique González- Dávila ◽  
Ángeles Arias
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

scholarly journals Changes in Speech Acts During Study Abroad Programs: Japanese Students Studying in the United States and Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Emi Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Abroad Programs ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study ◽  
Explicit Feedback

This paper details an exploration into changes in speech acts and interactions in English (i.e., requests and refusals) in nonclassroom interactions before and after study abroad programs. I transcribed role-plays of two Japanese students before and after they completed study abroad programs in the United States and Australia, carried out periodic online interviews during their stays overseas, and conducted follow-up interviews once they returned to Japan. The results show that changes in the use of expressions occurred for three reasons: 1) input-initiated changes from noticing form–meaning–function relationships, 2) instruction-initiated changes, and 3) output-initiated changes. Because some of the changes were problematic and led to misunderstandings or impoliteness, I conclude that learning from natural input alone is not sufficient to learn how to navigate between function and situation. Therefore, the results suggest that explicit feedback and instructions in classrooms are important before and during study abroad programs. 本論文は留学前後の教室外のインタラクションにおける、英語での発話行為（依頼と断り）とインタラクションの変化を探る。アメリカとオーストラリアへ留学前後の2名の日本人学生のロールプレイを書き起こし、留学中に定期的なオンラインインタビューを実施し、帰国後にフォローアップインタビューを行った。その結果、言語使用の変化には3つの理由があることが示された：1）表現形式・意味・機能の気づきから起こるインプットによる変化、2）指導による変化、3）アウトプットによる変化である。これらの変化の中には誤解や失礼さを招くという問題も見られることから、機能と状況のバランスの取り方を学ぶためには自然なインプットだけでは不十分であると言える。したがって、本研究の結果は留学前と留学中に教室での明示的なフィードバックと指導が重要であることを示唆し

scholarly journals Impact of Hearing Aids on Poverty, Quality of Life and Mental Health in Guatemala: Results of a before and after Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Spreckley ◽  
David Macleod ◽  
Brenda González Trampe ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Hannah Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

There are 466 million people globally with disabling hearing loss, many of whom can benefit from hearing aids. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of providing hearing aids on poverty, mental health, quality of life, and activities, among adults in Guatemala. A nonrandomised before and after study was conducted, with a comparison group to assess for secular trends. Adult cases with bilateral hearing impairment were identified within 150 km of Guatemala City, as well as age- and sex-matched comparison subjects without disabling hearing loss. All participants were interviewed with a semistructured questionnaire, and cases were offered hearing aids. Participants were reinterviewed 6–9 months later. We interviewed 135 cases and 89 comparison subjects at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, cases were poorer than comparison subjects with respect to individual income (p = 0.01), household income (p = 0.02), and per capita expenditure (PCE) (p = 0.003). After provision of hearing aids, median household income improved among cases (p = 0.03). In the comparison group, median individual income (p = 0.01) and PCE (p = 0.03) fell between baseline at follow-up. At follow-up, there were also improvements in productive time use, quality of life, and depressive symptoms among cases, but these were less apparent in the comparison group. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a positive effect of hearing aids in improving quality of life, economic circumstances and mental health among Guatemalan adults.

scholarly journals Effect of Aerobics Exercise on Self-Esteem in Iranian Female Adolescents Covered by Welfare Organization

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Hasanpour ◽  
Mansooreh Tabatabaei ◽  
Mousa Alavi ◽  
Vahid Zolaktaf
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Deprivation of parents might decrease self-esteem (SE) and result in affective and social incompatibility. In this randomized control trial, we examined the effect of aerobics exercise on SE among female adolescents living with no natural family.Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of all female adolescents aged 13 to 19 years (n: 72) who were covered by Isfahan Welfare organization. Participants were assigned into intervention and control groups by matched random sampling. Intervention included 8 weeks of aerobics exercise. Coppersmith SE inventory was administered before and after intervention as well as after one month follow-up.Results. No significant difference was seen between pre-SE scores of intervention(32.7±8.4)and control(33.0±6.7)groups (t=.16,P=.87). A significant difference was obtained in post-SE scores (40.2±5.7versus34.7±6.8,t=3.58,P=.001) and in one month follow-up scores (36.4±5.2versus33.0±5.2,t=2.25,P=.03).Discussion. The results demonstrated a low level of pre-SE in both groups. However, a significant improvement was seen in posttest of intervention group which persisted even one month after intervention. It supports the use of aerobics for female adolescents deprived from family life.

scholarly journals Effects of a demand-led evidence briefing service on the uptake and use of research evidence by commissioners of health services: a controlled before-and-after study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M Wilson ◽  
Kate Farley ◽  
Liz Bickerdike ◽  
Alison Booth ◽  
Duncan Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Apply Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Before And After Study ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Use Of Research

BackgroundThe Health and Social Care Act 2012 (Great Britain.Health and Social Care Act 2012. London: The Stationery Office; 2012) has mandated research use as a core consideration of health service commissioning arrangements. We evaluated whether or not access to a demand-led evidence briefing service improved the use of research evidence by commissioners, compared with less intensive and less targeted alternatives.DesignControlled before-and-after study.SettingClinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in the north of England.Main outcome measuresChange at 12 months from baseline of a CCG’s ability to acquire, assess, adapt and apply research evidence to support decision-making. Secondary outcomes measured individual clinical leads’ and managers’ intentions to use research evidence in decision-making.MethodsNine CCGs received one of three interventions: (1) access to an evidence briefing service; (2) contact plus an unsolicited push of non-tailored evidence; or (3) an unsolicited push of non-tailored evidence. Data for the primary outcome measure were collected at baseline and 12 months post intervention, using a survey instrument devised to assess an organisation’s ability to acquire, assess, adapt and apply research evidence to support decision-making. In addition, documentary and observational evidence of the use of the outputs of the service was sought and interviews with CCG participants were undertaken.ResultsMost of the requests were conceptual; they were not directly linked to discrete decisions or actions but were intended to provide knowledge about possible options for future actions. Symbolic use to justify existing decisions and actions were less frequent and included a decision to close a walk-in centre and to lend weight to a major initiative to promote self-care already under way. The opportunity to impact directly on decision-making processes was limited to work to establish disinvestment policies. In terms of impact overall, the evidence briefing service was not associated with increases in CCGs’ capacity to acquire, assess, adapt and apply research evidence to support decision-making, individual intentions to use research findings or perceptions of CCGs’ relationships with researchers. Regardless of the intervention received, at baseline participating CCGs indicated that they felt that they were inconsistent in their research-seeking behaviours and their capacity to acquire research remained so at follow-up. The informal nature of decision-making processes meant that there was little or no traceability of the use of evidence.LimitationsLow baseline and follow-up response rates (of 68% and 44%, respectively) and missing data limit the reliability of these findings.ConclusionsAccess to a demand-led evidence briefing service did not improve the uptake and use of research evidence by NHS commissioners compared with less intensive and less targeted alternatives. Commissioners appear to be well intentioned but ad hoc users of research.Future workFurther research is required on the effects of interventions and strategies to build individual and organisational capacity to use research. Resource-intensive approaches to providing evidence may best be employed to support instrumental decision-making. Comparative evaluation of the impact of less intensive but targeted strategies on the uptake and use of research by commissioners is warranted.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals Feasibility of working with a wholesale supplier to co-design and test acceptability of an intervention to promote smaller portions: an uncontrolled before-and-after study in British Fish & Chip shops

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e023441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Goffe ◽  
Frances Hillier-Brown ◽  
Natalie Hildred ◽  
Matthew Worsnop ◽  
Jean Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Exit Survey ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Before And After Study

ObjectivesTo explore the feasibility of working with a wholesale supplier to co-design and deliver, and to assess the acceptability of, an intervention to promote smaller portions in Fish & Chip shops.DesignUncontrolled before-and-after study.SettingFish & Chip shops in northern England, 2016.ParticipantsOwners (n=11), a manager and customers (n=46) of Fish & Chip shops; and intervention deliverers (n=3).InterventionSupplier-led, three-hour engagement event with shop owners and managers, highlighting the problem of excessive portion sizes and potential ways to reduce portion sizes; provision of box packaging to serve smaller portions; promotional posters and business incentives.Data collectionIn-store observations and sales data collected at baseline and postintervention. Exit survey with customers. Semistructured interviews with owners/managers and intervention deliverers postintervention.ResultsTwelve Fish & Chip shops were recruited. Observational data were collected from eight shops: at baseline, six shops did not promote the availability of smaller portion meals; at follow-up, all eight did and five displayed the promotional poster. Seven out of 12 shops provided sales data and all reported increased sales of smaller portion meals postintervention. Of 46 customers surveyed: 28% were unaware of the availability of smaller portion meals; 20% had bought smaller portion meals; and 46% of those who had not bought these meals were interested to try them in the future. Interviews revealed: owners/managers found the intervention acceptable but wanted a clearer definition of a smaller portion meal; the supplier valued the experience of intervention co-production and saw the intervention as being compatible with their responsibility to drive innovation.ConclusionsThe co-design of the intervention with a supplier was feasible. The partnership facilitated the delivery of an intervention that was acceptable to owners and customers. Sales of smaller meal packaging suggest that promotion of such meals is viable and may be sustainable.

Counseling Adolescents With Hearing Loss Using a Narrative Therapy Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Nelson Crowell ◽  
Julie Hanenburg ◽  
Amy Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Narrative Therapy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Therapy Approach ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Counseling Adolescents

Abstract Audiologists have a responsibility to counsel patients with auditory concerns on methods to manage the inherent challenges associated with hearing loss at every point in the process: evaluation, hearing aid fitting, and follow-up visits. Adolescents with hearing loss struggle with the typical developmental challenges along with communicative challenges that can erode one's self-esteem and self-worth. The feeling of “not being connected” to peers can result in feelings of isolation and depression. This article advocates the use of a Narrative Therapy approach to counseling adolescents with hearing loss. Adolescents with hearing loss often have problem-saturated narratives regarding various components of their daily life, friendships, amplification, academics, etc. Audiologists can work with adolescents with hearing loss to deconstruct the problem-saturated narratives and rebuild the narratives into a more empowering message. As the adolescent retells their positive narrative, they are likely to experience increased self-esteem and self-worth.

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