scholarly journals USE OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG, CARBOWAX) AS AN EMBEDDING MEDIUM PRODUCES RESULTS COMPARABLE TO PARAFFIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. Romanov ◽  
K. Ly ◽  
B. Kirchoff
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Paraffin Embedding ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Musa Velutina ◽  
Embedding Medium

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a non-carcinogenic, water-soluble polymer of ethylene oxide that has found wide applicability in industry and medicine, and has been used to embed and section small animal and plant tissues. Here we investigate the use of PEG for the rapid embedding of larger plant tissues. Ovaries of Musa velutina, Heliconia psittacorum and eight other species were embedded with a mixture of PEG 1450 and PEG 4000. It was found that tissues up to 6.5 × 10 mm could easily be embedded and sectioned in PEG. Embedded tissues could be stored at room temperature for up to 5 days with no detrimental effects. Sections were easily cut at 8–15 μm on a rotary microtome. PEG embedding resulted in equal or better tissue differentiation, better retention of cell inclusions, and reduced shrinkage compared with paraffin embedding. The process was also faster, requiring only 3–6 h compared with the 2 days needed for paraffin embedding. PEG is a rapid-embedding medium suitable for use with even large plant tissues.

scholarly journals A simplified method for obtaining 0.5-microns sections of small tissue specimens embedded in PEG.

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Holtham ◽  
N B Slepecky
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Subcellular Resolution

We describe a new method for embedding small specimens in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. This method preserves cell morphology and provides sensitive immunocytochemical labeling with excellent subcellular resolution. Small tissues are embedded in agarose so that they can be grouped together and oriented for sectioning before infiltration with PEG 4000, a water-soluble polymer. Fixation, embedding, sectioning, and staining can be performed in 1 day. Results from immunocytochemical studies localizing actin and tubulin on 0.5-micron sections of PEG-embedded specimens are compared with those obtained on semi-thin sections of araldite-embedded specimens and demonstrate the ease, speed, and increased sensitivity of this embedding method.

A highly selective and reversible water-soluble polymer based-colorimetric chemosensor for rapid detection of Cu2+ in pure aqueous solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 4513-4518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Li ◽  
Farong Tao ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Zhuang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Polymer ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Colorimetric Chemosensor ◽  
Pure Aqueous Solution

A novel reversible colorimetric chemosensor based on polyethylene glycol has been developed to detect Cu2+ ions in pure aqueous solution.

scholarly journals POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AS AN EMBEDDING MEDIUM FOR LIPID AND ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
NED FEDER
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Enzyme Histochemistry ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Good Preservation ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
Polar Water

Polyvinyl alcohol is a highly polar, water-soluble resin. Fixed, washed specimens are soaked in a mixture of 15% polyvinyl alcohol, 15% glycerol and 70% water, which is then allowed to dry at room temperature to a hard, sectionable block. Sections 1-100 µ thick are floated on water, dried on glass slides and stained. There is good preservation of tissue and cell structure, and of many lipids and enzymes.

scholarly journals IN VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDY OF GLIMEPIRIDE FROM BINARY AND TERNARY SOLID DISPERSION FORMULATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akhter ◽  
Md. Sajjad Hossen ◽  
Md. Salahuddin ◽  
Muazzem Ahmed Sunny ◽  
Farzana Akther Sathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Ternary Solid Dispersion ◽  
E Mail

Glimepiride (GMP) is poorly water soluble drug, so solubility is the main constraint for its oral bioavailability. Because, poor aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate of the glimepiride lead to irreproducible clinical response or therapeutic failure in some cases due to sub therapeutic plasma drug levels. In this study, binary and ternary solid dispersion of glimepiride were prepared with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) at different weight ratios using the solvent evaporation and melting method. It was found the drug was released 0.46% after 5 minutes and only 15.83% within 60 minutes from active glimepiride on the other hand the release pattern of glimepiride from the binary formulation containing PEG 4000 in 1:5 (Formulation coding: G5) showed the best result. It was found that the ternary different SD formulation containing(PEG4000:Glimepiride:Povidone) In ratio 1:1:0.25 (Formulation coding were : G13) showed the best result. The drug was changed to amorphous form after solid dispersion. Itwas also evident that solid dispersions improve solubility of drug particles thus enhancing dissolution characteristics of drugs they increase the oral bioavailability. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Mohammed Abdel-Wahab Sayed Abourehab  Affiliation: Umm Al-Qura University;  Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Evren Alğin Yapar Affiliation: Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkiye E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s):

scholarly journals A new protein crystal mounting method using humid air and glue coating

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1146-C1146
Author(s):  
Seiki Baba ◽  
Takashi Kumasaka
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soluble Polymer ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Limited Protein

Cryopreservation of protein crystals are a useful to reduce radiation damage for synchrotron experiments, the cryoloop mounting method using cryoprotectant agents is the widely used. However, Protein crystals are fragile, and they have often trouble to find a condition suitable for cryo-cooling. X-ray diffraction experiments at room temperature can evaluate the quality of the protein crystal and perform structural analysis without being affected shrink of the crystal by cryo-cooled and addition cryoprotectant agents. And, conventional humidity controlled method is possible to improve resolution of limited protein crystals [1]. However, protein crystals of these diffraction experiments cannot apply same mounting method. We developed a new crystal mounting method, the humid air and glue-coating (HAG) mounting method, which involves a combination of controlled adjustable humid air and water-soluble polymer glue for crystal coating [2]. By coating with the water-soluble polymer glue, most crystals exposed to the controlled humid air were stable at room temperature and could be cryocooled under optimized humidity without additional cryoprotectant agents. For example, the crystals of the bacterial hydrolase RsbQ was mechanically very fragile and sensitive to environmental changes. Thus, RsbQ crystal cannot apply cryoloop mount with cryoprotectant agents. By using the HAG method, we were able to obtain 1.4 Å data and solve its structure. For another example, membrane protein crystal was improved resolution to optimize humidity. The crystals by using HAG method reproducibly showed crystal lattice transformation in response to a change in humidity, thus using this method a series of isomorphic crystals can be prepared. We introduce HAG method, and demonstrate its success with various protein crystals.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Exposure with Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated (rurioctocog alfa pegol) and Other Parenteral Therapies Indicated for the Pediatric Population: History and Safety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Stidl ◽  
Michael Denne ◽  
Jimena Goldstine ◽  
Bill Kadish ◽  
Katherine I. Korakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Population History ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Prescribing Information ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an inert, water soluble polymer, used for decades in pharmaceuticals. Although PEG is considered safe, concerns persist about the potential adverse effects of long-term exposure to PEG-containing therapies, specifically in children, following the introduction of PEGylated recombinant factor products used for the treatment of hemophilia. Given the absence of long-term surveillance data, and to evaluate the potential risk, we estimated PEG exposure in the pediatric population receiving US Food and Drug Administration-approved parenteral therapies with pediatric indications. We used a range of pediatric weights and doses based on prescribing information (PI) or treatment guidelines. PIs and reporting websites were searched for information about adverse events (AEs). For a child weighing 50 kg on the highest prophylactic dose of a FVIII product, the range of total PEG exposure was 40–21,840 mg/year; for FIX products, the range was 13–1342 mg/year; and for other products, the range was 383–26,743 mg/year, primarily as a derivative excipient. No AE patterns attributable to PEG were found for any of these products, including potential renal, neurological, or hepatic AEs. Our analyses suggest the pediatric population has had substantial exposure to PEG for several decades, with no evidence of adverse consequences.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Glycol Exposure with Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated (rurioctocog alfa pegol) and Other Therapies Indicated for the Pediatric Population: History and Safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Stidl ◽  
Michael Denne ◽  
Jimena Goldstine ◽  
Bill Kadish ◽  
Katherine Korakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Population History ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Prescribing Information ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an inert, water soluble polymer, used for decades in pharmaceuticals. Although PEG is considered safe, concerns persist about the potential adverse effects of long-term exposure to PEG-containing therapies, specifically in children, following the introduction of PEGylated recombinant factor products used for the treatment of hemophilia. Given the absence of long-term surveillance data, and to evaluate the potential risk, we estimated PEG exposure in the pediatric population receiving PEGylated therapies with pediatric indications administered intravenously or intramuscularly. We used a range of pediatric weights and doses based on prescribing information (PI) or treatment guidelines. PIs and reporting websites were searched for information about adverse events (AEs). For a child weighing 50 kg on the highest prophylactic dose of a FVIII product, the range of total PEG exposure was 40–21,840 mg/year; for factor IX (FIX) products, the range was 13–1342 mg/year; and for other products, the range was 383–26,743 mg/year, primarily as a derivative excipient. No AE patterns attributable to PEG were found for any of these products, including potential renal, neurological, or hepatic AEs. Our analyses suggest the pediatric population has had substantial exposure to PEG for several decades, with no evidence of adverse consequences.

scholarly journals LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF ANTIGENS IN TISSUES EMBEDDED IN POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL WITH A PEROXIDASE-LABELED ANTIBODY METHOD

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 969-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH E. MAZURKIEWICZ ◽  
PAUL K. NAKANE
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Electron Microscopic Localization

Tissues embedded in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used for the immunocytochemical localization of cellular antigens at the light and electron microscopic level. For demonstration of the method, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone were localized in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat embedded in PEG, using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. PEG is water-soluble, has a low melting temperature yet is firm enough to be sectioned at room temperature. Preservation of cellular ultrastructure is good. The use of PEG-embedded tissue permits precise correlation of light and electron microscopic observations of the same tissue section.

Study on Elimination of Surface-Exfoliation and Crack of ZrO2 Green Body of Gelcasting with Water-Solubility Macromolecule

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1317-1320
Author(s):  
Zhong Zhou Yi ◽  
Shi-en Wang ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Rheological Property ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Body ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Gelation Behavior ◽  
New System

Ceramic gelcasting has to be performed in nitrogen to avoid surface-exfoliation and crack of the green body. The rapid drying of gelled bodies can cause nonuniform shrinkage. Non-uniform drying in various regions due to the solvent gradient, induces structural and residual stresses which cause defects, such as cracking, warpage and the other malformations. These malformations can be minimized or eliminated via adding a proper amount of water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol(PEG).This study concentrates attention on dispersion, rheological property and gelation behavior in the new system, The flexural strength and microstructure of ZrO2 green bodies were measured and observed.

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