scholarly journals Iranian Women’s Veiling as a Gender Performance: Since Premodern Era to the Current Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
L. Khadem Makhsuos Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Iranian women’s veiling, as one of the major concerns of both women and the state, has been the subject of various studies. The present study in its broad range of investigation covers discussion of Iranian women’s hijab since pre-modern Iran to the current age. Meanwhile, it is more than a new historicist reflection on the way discourses construct norms. Here, within the framework of Butler’s performative theory, veiling is approached as a gender performance, which constructs and represents the identity of the wearer. The question is how Iranian women’s veiling as a gender performance is associated with competing discourses, and how recitations of veiling give them agency. It is hypothesized that women are not simply imposed the norm of veiling by the dominant discourses; rather, as active agents they can change the norms as they perform deviated recitation of norm of veiling. Veiling as a signifier has given different significations in each era, ranging from modesty, backwardness, nationalism, revolutionary, to displaying protest. We address the meanings that different dressing styles represent in three eras of pre-constitutional, post-constitutional, and postrevolutionary in Iran. Homogenized imposed veiling by Islamic authorities in pre-modern Iran, withdrew with secularization of state, was invoked as sign of revolution against the state, re-imposed by the state and ultimately fashioned by women. Thus, veiling in Iran is burdened with more cultural and even political meaning. In each discourse, the performance of veiling style defines women’s subjectivity as normal or abject. Women to be identified as viable subject perform the norms of religious or secularized modern discourse. The two produced binary polar, representing two kinds of subjectivities produced a gap between veiled, unveiled women or properly veiled and misveiled women. The imposed, removed and re-imposed hijab has not been the terminal decision of discourses. It is confirmed that today, Iranian women, supplied with education and global media can reflexively consider and fashion their identity. Nowadays, Iranian women’s fashion hijab is a deviated recitation of the idealized norm to resist the imposed norm. Fashion hijab as a deviated recitation of originally intended hijab by Islamic state is a threat to the Islamic discourse. Therefore, it is regarded as soft war imposed by Western culture on Iran. It is concluded that there has been a dialectical relationship between veiling performance of subjects as agents and viability of the dominant discourse.

Democracy and Civic Culture

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Sabetti
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This article attempts to take stock of the state of research on democracy and culture by providing answers to several sets of questions. It seeks to improve the understanding of the relationship between culture and action, and between political culture and democratic outcomes. The article begins by exploring the way the literature has dealt with the possible meaning of culture and political culture and their relationship to action. It also suggests why there has been little contribution to democracy derived from political culture research, and identifies how the efforts to rethink how and why the subject matter is approached in certain ways led many analysts to break out of established epistemological demarcations. This eventually led to the reinvigorated tools of investigation and research on democracy and civic culture. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications of improved tools of investigation for future research.

scholarly journals Art. XVII.—On the Cotton Trade of India

1860 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 346-387
Author(s):  
J. A. Mann
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way ◽  
Cotton Trade

The great and increasing importance attaching to the question of Cotton supply renders any remarks which may throw light on the subject, of peculiar interest; the fact that the value of our cotton manufacture now exceeds sixty million pounds sterling annually— consuming therein upwards of four hundred thousand tons of the simple fibre—employing nearly one hundred million pounds sterling of capital—and giving employment directly and indirectly to about four millions of our countrymen, is alone so startling and withal so colossal as almost to defy comprehension. That a fibre so simple, and with us but a century since so little known and appreciated, should now give rise to such wealth and comfort, almost partakes of fiction; and one knows not how sufficiently to praise the ingenuity of Wyatt, Kay, Hargreaves, Arkwright, and Crompton, who led the way to raise the manufacture in little more than a century to its present prodigious proportions. But the extension, not to say the sustenance, of this trade, is primarily dependent upon the supply of the raw material: upon this, the one hundred millions of our capital, and the livelihood of near four millions of our countrymen is dependent, a matter so serious and of such magnitude, as to make the question one of the State; the appalling result only contemplated of one year's stoppage of the supply, is sufficient to force a dread of the slender basis upon which the magnificent fabric depends. Our legislators are however now fully alive to its importance, and it is pleasing to mark the attention the matter receives amid the turmoil of our immense governmental affairs.

scholarly journals The Fragility of Identity and the Imagination of Otherness in Bai Hua’s novel The Remote Country of Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Tânia Ganito ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Chinese Author ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Drawing on The Remote Kingdom of Women (1988), the novel written by Chinese author Bai Hua (1930-2019), this essay examines how post-Mao China articulated the notions of memory and identity, as well as of belonging and othering, as an attempt to overcome the state of fragility caused by the trauma of the Cultural Revolution and the post-revolutionary growing influence of Western culture. It proposes to explore the way some of the literary works produced during this period were to promote an encounter between a fragmented yet hegemonic culture and the cultures of the internal ethnic Other, and how this encounter between majority and minority subjects was to highlight precisely the condition of fragility that underlies the very concept of identity. Keywords: China; Literature; Bai Hua; Identity; Majority; Minorities.

scholarly journals Market Basket Analysis in a Financial Institution

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Rezende ◽  
Marcelo Ladeira
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Preparation ◽  
Market Basket Analysis ◽  
Market Basket ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Way

This article demonstrates a study on Market Basket Analysis of a financial institution, showing rules of personal consumer association of the state of São Paulo. A concept about three association algorithms is presented, but a study with only one is performed. The paper is divided into an introduction, describing a brief account of the reason for choosing the subject. Understanding the business, where it is explained about the financial institution and the importance of the study to the institution. The way the data are handled is demonstrated in Understanding the Data, just as the Data Preparation is described in the sequence, putting all the filters and treatments that were done on the data. In the following, it is described the Modeling, which reports on algorithms of association rules and on examples of these algorithms, as well as which algorithm was chosen to be treated in the paper. Evaluation explains on the results obtained with the study and the Implementation as it was done all the analysis of the data and the results obtained. Finally, we have the Conclusion about the learning obtained with the article and what future work to do. 

scholarly journals Más allá de Piaget: cognición adulta y educación

10.14201/2845 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Víctor Martín García
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pedagogical Theory ◽  
Adult Cognition ◽  
The Way

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este artículo es intentar una aproximación a la descripción del tipo de pensamiento que utilizan los adultos. Partimos de la base en nuestro trabajo de que el conocimiento sobre el modo como piensan las personas adultas se presenta como un aspecto clave para la teoría pedagógica y especialmente para la práctica, cuando se orienta hacia este tipo de alumnos. Para ello, organizamos el texto integrando el concepto de pensamiento en un constructo más amplio y comprensivo como es el de cognición. Desde ese marco realizamos, en primer lugar, una síntesis crítica de la teoría piagetiana en lo referente al desarrollo cognitivo por cuanto representa el modelo, ya clásico, más elaborado sobre el tema, y en segundo, un análisis de algunas de las formulaciones teóricas y empíricas recientes más importantes sobre la cognición adulta, como por ejemplo las derivadas del procesamiento de la información, de la perspectiva del Life-span, o del denominado modelo de encapsulación. Terminamos intentando ofrecer el estado de la cuestión en relación con los aspectos nucleares del pensamiento adulto. Todo ello con vistas a apoyar procesos de intervención e investigación educativa en este campo.ABSTRACT: The aim this article is to attempt an approach to a description of the type of thought that adults use. We take for granted in our paper that knowledge about the way adults think is a key aspect in pedagogical, theory and especially in terms of practice when it is directed towards this type of students. With this in mind we organize the text integrating the concept of thought in a wider an more comprehensive construct which is cognition. From this framework we make, first of all, a critical synthesis of the Piaget theory related to cognitive development in as far as it represents the now classical model, but more developed on the subject and, secondly an analysis of some of the most important of the recent theoretical and empirical formulation of adult cognition, such as those derived from information process and from the Lifespan perspective. We finish attempting to offer the state of the question in relation to nuclear aspects of adult thought. The aim of all this is to support processes of educational intervention and research in this field.

scholarly journals Islamic View of Women Leadership as Head of the State: A Critical Analysis

2012 ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Mohammad Elius
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic View

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the West, women have been given certain social, political and economic rights after decades of struggle which Islam had confirmed unequivocally fourteen hundred years ago. Islam has clarified the legal rights and obligations of both men and women in such a balanced way that women cannot complain about their weakness or inferiority and men cannot claim their superiority over women. But this position of women has been the subject to repeated controversy because of the misinterpretations of issues regarding women in our society. This paper deals with a very crucial point, women as head of the state in a Muslim/Islamic state in the light of the Holy Quran and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). An attempt has been made to find out the real position of women vis-à-vis the concept of leadership in Islam as objectively as possible to reach a balanced view. Before initiating the discussion on the main topic, that is, the leadership by women, we will give a brief description of women’s position in society and their participation in public life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12941 The Arts Faculty Journal Vol.4 July 2010-June 2011 pp.195-205

Denaturalising Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
Charlotte Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

This chapter assesses how security was established as the first absolute and natural right of the subject. Thomas Hobbes remains in focus, insofar as he articulated the furthest what had already become an established dogma of early modern thought, notably in natural right theories, and of nascent state practice. The chapter then considers the different kinds of natures that troubled the enterprise of naturalisation. For nature was also appearing, as a result of the scientific revolution, as a source of disorder. It was no longer simply the stable referent for the task of political ordering. This new, epochal instability in the constructions of nature and the way it was addressed by Hobbes in his epistemological writings contains resources for short-circuiting the naturalising work that Hobbes, amongst others, was engaged in. These resources include Hobbes’s nominalism, which marks him as the original constructivist, and his critique of universals, including ‘paternal dominion’, his term for patriarchy. Hence, the purpose of the chapter is to parse the initial naturalisation of security as the subject’s constitutive right, in order to denaturalise it. Ultimately, Hobbes played a central role, not only in theorising the state, but in securing what the author seeks to unsettle with this book: the body as history’s great naturaliser.

scholarly journals The Islamic concept of the Caliphate: basic principles and a contemporary interpretation

Islamology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Leonid Sykiainen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Contemporary Interpretation ◽  
The Way

This article studies the approach of Islamic legal thought to the idea of a Caliphate. The author explains the fundamental principles of the Islamic concept of the state as an instrument for defending and maintaining religion and dealing with worldly affairs. Modern Islamic thought, considering historical evolution of Islamic statehood under the influence of objective political circumstances, came to the key conclusion that an Islamic state is not restricted to a unified Caliphate (the Caliphate on the way of the prophecy). Other models of power are quite admissible if they meet the aims of the Caliphate.

scholarly journals Scientific-methodical activity of the pedagogues of the Special Piano Department of the State Conservatory of Chisinau during the years 1950–1970

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Irina Guzenco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

The article describes the methodological and scientific works of the Special Piano department teachers from the Chisinau State Conservatory, created in the period 1950–1970s. The most common type of unpublished articles are reviews of colleagues’ concerts, reports, abstracts, essays and musical collections. The most serious scientific plans of the teachers were related to the genre of the dissertation. In the 1960s. the scientific and methodological articles of teachers of the department of Special Piano begin to appear. The most significant part of them is formed by music collections, composed of the music of Moldovan composers. T. Voitsekhovskaya and A. Dailis compiled and edited musical aids for students of different ages. The uniqueness of these scientific and methodological opuses is due to the specifics of the material under study – the subject of a special piano, the subtleties of which are familiar to authors, pianists-teachers and performers from their direct professional activities. The named scientific publications opened the way for further research of pianists, who became especially numerous at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries.

2. Possession and title

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Gray ◽  
Susan Francis Gray
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the following: the way in which physical possession has traditionally provided not only the authentic root of ‘title’ to an ‘estate’ in land but also the basis on which various important rights can be vindicated against strangers; the modern transition towards a rather different world in which ‘title’ to an ‘estate’ is derived from the state-administered registration of abstract forms of proprietorship; and the gradual replacement of the old regime of unregistered title by a sophisticated (and increasingly electronic) scheme of registered title under the Land Registration Act 2002.

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