scholarly journals PENGUATAN QUADRICEPS MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN LEBIH MENJAGA SUDUT QUADRICEPS (Q ANGLE) DIBANDING DENGAN OPEN KINETIC CHAIN PADA SUBJEK DENGAN ABNORMAL SUDUT QUADRICEPS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Johan Romadhon ◽  
I Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽  
Muh. Ali Imron ◽  
Wayan Weta ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Inten Dwi Primayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
T Test ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Open Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Quadriceps strengthening usualy find in fitness center or clinical rehabilitation physiotherapy programs, there are two methods in strengthening quadriceps programs, closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain methods, several researchers use to used these methods for reducing pain intensity, improve functional ability and reducing quadriceps angle, indeed these methods can be used to prevent patellofemoral pain syndrome risk in asymptomatic person with abnormal q angle. Purpose: Purpose of this study is to study the difference of closed and open kinetic chain to maintain quadriceps angle on subject with abnormal quadriceps angle. Method: This experimental study is to compare closed and open kinetic chain to maintain quadriceps angle in subject with abnormal quadriceps angle, thirty six males samples 15 to 21 years old devided into two Groups, Group 1 applied a treatment with closed kinetic chain methods using barbell squat training and the second group have applied a treatment with open kinetic chain method using leg extension training, quadriceps angle measured before and after treatment to each Group, Result: Both quadriceps strengthening methods, closed and open kinetic chain has same beneficial to maintain quadriceps angle, Group 1 after analyzed by paired t test show the mean right quadriceps angle 13.38 ± 2.93 degree and the mean of left quadriceps angle 12.88 ± 2.44 degree, with significancy value p = 0.001, likewise in Group 2 after analyzed by paired t test show the mean of right quadriceps angle 15.66 ± 2.74 degree and the mean of left quadriceps angle is 15.38 ± 3.22 degree, with significancy value p = 0.001, but closed kinetic chain method is more effective than open kinetic chain in maintaining quadriceps angle with p < 0.05. Conclusion: Therefore this result of study can be reference for reader as an athlete, fitness instructor and physiotherapist in order to get better understanding to choose and create best training program for quadriceps strengthening. Therefore it’s been suggest to someone if they have abnormal quadriceps angle, they must choose the closed kinetic chain exercise as the main program in quadriceps training program

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ACCURACY OF RECORDING BLOOD PRESSURE EITHER BY AUTOMATED OSCILLOMETRIC METHOD OR BY SPHYGMOMANOMETER IN BOTH NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS - A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sobana R ◽  
Parthasarathy S
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Oscillometric Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

 Objectives: Automatic devices based on oscillometric principle are widely used for the estimation of blood pressure (BP). Mercury sphygmomanometer mean systolic BP (MSBP) and its derived cuff pressure are the traditional mode of estimation which is a validated and authenticated procedure. Automated machines using oscillometric method are slowly replacing the conventional technique. This study was done to compare the BP recorded by the mercury sphygmomanometer MSBP and the automated technique using oscillometric method automated office BP (AOBP).Methods: Two hundred subjects aged 40–65 years with mid-arm circumference 27–34 cm were recruited. MSBP and AOBP were recorded adhering to guidelines given by the American Heart Association Joint National Committee. The subjects were divided into two groups as normotensive (Group 1) and hypertensive (Group 2), and statistical analysis was performed.Results: The mean systolic and diastolic pressures estimated by oscillometric method and sphygmomanometer were calculated and compared with each other by paired t-test separately for Groups 1 and 2. In mormotensives (Group 1), the mean systolic pressure MSBP was 114.21±7.5 mmHg and AOBP was 118.24±11.0 mmHg. The mean diastolic MSBP was 72.1±3.5 mmHg and AOBP was 76.4±1.2 mmHg. Subjects of Group 2 (hypertensive) showed mean systolic pressure MSBP of 144.42±18.5 mm Hg and AOBP of 159.74±22 mmHg. The mean diastolic MSBP was 87.2±9.5 mmHg and AOBP was 96.9±9.2 mmHg. In Group 1, the difference was statistically not significant, while in Group 2, comparison by paired t-test showed a mean difference of systolic pressure by 15.32±1.25 (p<0.005), and mean difference of diastolic pressure by 8.9±5.8 (p<0.005).Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that oscillometric pressure recordings by the automated device are closer to manual measurements in normotensives but showed a significant high value in hypertensives. We suggest caution in treating hypertensives with values derived from automated machines only.

Digital volumetric measurements based on 3D scans of the lower limb: A valid and reproducible method for evaluation in lymphedema therapy. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schiltz ◽  
Natalie Kiermeier ◽  
Dominik Eibl ◽  
Christoph Koch ◽  
Karolina Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
T Test ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Volumetric Measurements

BACKGROUND Exact quantification of volumetric changes of the extremities is difficult. There are several direct and indirect methods to assess extremity volume. As water displacement volumetry is rarely viable in a clinical setting and circumference measurements are prone to errors due to poor reproducibility and high inter- and intra-observer variability, an objective and easily reproducible method is indispensable. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish a standardized method based on 3D scans with defined caudal and cranial landmarks of the lower leg which allows for measurements of exactly the same body area. Furthermore, this study tests the method in terms of reproducibility and evaluates volume changes after surgical therapy in patients suffering from lymphedema. METHODS 3D-scans of the lower limb were performed with a mobile 3D-scanner. Volumetric calculation was done digitally. “Repeatability“ and “Inter-observer reliability” of digital volumetry were tested. Furthermore, the method was applied on 31 patients suffering from chronic lymphedema. ANOVA (analyses of variance) was conducted to compare the digital volumetric measurements. To assess the sensitivity to changes in digital volumetry, the mean volume of 31 patients before and 3 months after therapy were compared by a paired t-Test. RESULTS Calculations of repeatability of the volume based on 20 3D-scans of the same lower leg showed a mean volume of 2,488 ± 0,011 liters (range: 2,470 – 2,510). The mean volume of the 7 measurements of the 3 examiners did not differ significantly (F(2,18) = 1,579, p = .233). The paired t-Test showed a significant mean volume decrease of 375ml (95% CI = 245/505ml) between pre and post treatment (t (30) =5,892, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS 3D-Volumetry is a noninvasive, easy and quick method to assess volume changes of the lower leg. Other than the costs, it is reproducible and precise and therefore ideal for evolution of therapy in lymphedema.

scholarly journals KEBUGARAN FISIK SISWA RETARDASI MENTAL RINGAN SEKOLAH DASAR LUAR BIASA KUNCUP BUNGA DENPASAR LEBIH TINGGI SESUDAH MELAKUKAN PELATIHAN SENAM PINGUIN DARI PADA SENAM RIA ANAK INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Putu Eka Jaya ◽  
Nyoman Mangku Karmaya ◽  
Made Jawi ◽  
Wayan Weta ◽  
Ida Bagus Ngurah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Test Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Group 1

Physical fitness is ability to perform the activity or activities without feeling tired excessively. Physical fitness associated with a person`s organs to carry out its tasks properly every day without experiencing significant fatigue. In a child’s mental retardation with a les mobile lifestyle that will affect his physical fitness. The purpose of this study to determine which type of gymnastic exercise better to the physical fitness on the students in Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa Kuncup Bunga Denpasar.This research used experimental method using Randomized study Pre and Post Test Group Design. The subjects in this study were students in Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa Kuncup Bunga Denpasar. There were 18 students which is divided into two groups: group-1 is senam penguins and group-2 is senam ria anak Indonesia. Data were obtained after a six-week training analyzed by paired t-test and unpaired t-test.The results of physical fitness test before training with Senam Penguins was 23.39 ± 1.69 and the test results after the training was 27.87 ± 3.28. the physical fitness test in group-2 before training with Senam Ria anak Indonesia was 22.69 ± 1.76 and the results after training was 24.64 ± 2.11. Paired t-test in both group before and after training showed significant differences after training in group-1 and group-2 with a value of p > 0.05 with an increase in physical fitness test results of (19.15) in group-1 and (8.64) in group-2. The percentage increase physical fitness test results of group-1 with senam penguins is higher than those in group-2 with senam ria anak Indonesia.So we can conclude that the training of senam penguin in Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa Kuncup Bunga Denpasar improved the physical fitness test results higher than senam ria anak Indonesia.

scholarly journals Perubahan nilai laktat serum dan nilai leukosit pasca penanganan pasien multitrauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Koan ◽  
Laurens T. B. Kalesaran ◽  
Heber B. Sapan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
T Test ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract: Available laboratory markers in the early stage of injury are very helpful for the clinicians to predict the diturbances in cellular level concerning prevention of early decompensation, therefore, vital condition of the patient can improve faster. Lactate and leucocyte levels are assumed as sensitive markers of metabolic changes that occur at the time of injury. This study aimed to obtain the changes of lactate and leukocyte levels in multitraumatic patients after resusitation at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from August to September 2015. This was an observational analytical study. The results showed that there were 36 multitraumatic patients in this study, consisted of 27 males and 9 females. One patient died during this study. The mean decrease of blood lactate was 1.4611 mmol/L, meanwhile, of leukocytes was 5582.2000/mm3. The paired T test showed very significant changes of blood lactate and leukocyte levels (P < 0.001) after resusitation. Conclusion: Achievement of resusitation and improvement in cellular level could be monitored by using lactate and leukocyte levels after resusitation of multitraumatic patients although the definitive aim of the trauma was not final yet.Kata kunci: lactate, leukocyte, multitraumatic patientsAbstrak: Tersedianya penanda laboratorik pada fase awal cedera dapat memudahkan klinisi memrediksi kelainan yang terjadi di tingkat sel untuk mencegah terjadinya fase dekompensasi secara dini sehingga dapat memperbaiki kondisi vital pasien dengan segera. Kadar laktat dan jumlah leukosit telah lama dianggap sebagai salah satu penanda yang sensitif terhadap perubahan metabolisme yang terjadi saat cedera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai serum laktat dan leukosit darah yang terjadi pada pasien multitrauma setelah penanganan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado sejak bulan Agustus sampai dengan September 2015. Jenis penelitian ini observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terdapat 36 pasien multitrauma, terdiri dari 27 laki-laki dan 9 perempuan. Selama penelitian didapatkan 1 pasien meninggal saat penanganan. Pada pasca penanganan, rerata penurunan nilai asam laktat darah sebesar 1,4611 mmol/L dan nilai leukosit sebesar 5582,2000/mm3. Hasil uji T berpasangan memperlihatkan perubahan nilai laktat darah dan leukosit pasca penanganan yang sangat bermakna (P < 0,001). Simpulan: Tercapainya resusitasi dan perbaikan di tingkat sel dapat dimonitor dari nilai laktat dan leukosit darah pasca penanganan pasien multitrauma walaupun penanganan belum sampai pada tujuan definitif trauma.Kata kunci: asam laktat, leukosit, multitrauma

scholarly journals Buzz Group Technique to Promote Students Reading Comprehension

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
T Test ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Group Technique

This present study was quasi experiment research. This study aimed to find out whether or not there is any the improvement of the students’ reading comprehension by using buzz group technique. The population of the study was all the eighth grade students of SMP SENTOSA BAKTI BATURAJA in Academic Year 2019/ 2020. The sample was taken by using cluster random sampling. The sample is divided by two experimental class and control group. The try-out was done at VIII. C with 22 respondents. The data was collected by using test. The reliability of the data was taken through Alpha Cronbach. The data were analyzed by using paired T-test of control class and paired t-test of experimental class and independent t-test too. The result showed that from the mean score was 71 improved to be 84, 6 and based on independent T-test the value of T obtained was 8,122 as significant level of 0.05 for 2 tailed testing and degree of freedom (df) was 48 the critical value of T table 3, 425. The value was higher than T table (8,122>3,425) and the value sig, (2 tailed)= 0.000 less than the value of significant level (0.05).  It mean that there was significant improvement the students who was taught by using buzz group technique and those who was not at SMP SENTOSA BAKTI Baturaja. It concluded that Buzz group technique was effective to promote students’ reading comprehension at the Eighth Grade students of SMP SENTOSA BAKTI BATURAJA.

scholarly journals A comparison between orthodontic model analysis using conventional methods and iModelAnalysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Vita Previa Indirayana ◽  
Gita Gayatri ◽  
N. R. Yuliawati Zenab
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Dental Casts

Background: Model analysis constitutes an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnostic practice. Pavan has developed an application to simplify the mathematical calculations employed in orthodontic model analysis. Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain the differences in results and time periods of model analysis using conventional means and iModelAnalysis. Methods: The research represented a comparative analytic study. The populations comprised dental casts dating from 2014 in the Orthodontics Laboratory of Padjadjaran University. The samples comprised 31 dental casts which were subjected to a total sampling method consisting of two treatments; a conventional method calculation and one using iModelAnalysis. A normality test was conducted and processed using a paired t-test with α=0.05. Results: The means of arch length discrepancies were 1.64±2.63 mm and 1.37±3.07 mm for the conventional methods and 1.65±2.43mm and 1.42±3.04mm for iModelAnalysis. The results of a Bolton analysis for conventional methods were 78.05±2.69% and 91.93±1.29%, while those for iModelAnalysis were 77.91±2.70% and 91.96±2.13%. A Howes analysis of conventional methods produced a result of 45.56±2.83%, while for an iModelAnalysis one of 45.56±2.85%. Pont analysis for conventional methods was 39.35±0.04 mm and 49.17±2.55 mm, while for iModelAnalysis it was 39.35±0.07 mm and 49.19±2.57mm. The mean of the duration of analysis using conventional methods was 1703.81±56.46 seconds, while for iModelAnalysis it was 990.06±34.87 seconds. A normality test confirmed that the data was normally distributed (p>0.05). The results of a paired sample t-test with p>0.05 showed that there was no significant difference between the results of each analysis, while there was significant difference in the time period of analysis. Conclusion: There was no difference in the analysis results. However, there was difference in the time period of analysis between conventional methods and that of iModelAnalysis.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO LEVELS OF SUCTION PRESSURE ON OXYGEN SATURATION IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-696
Author(s):  
Muhaji Muhaji ◽  
Bedjo Santoso ◽  
Putrono Putrono
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pressure Group ◽  
Endotracheal Suctioning ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: Endotracheal suctioning is one of the common supportive measures in intensive care units (ICU), which may be related to complications such as hypoxia. However, a questionable efficacy is still identified to choose suctioning pressure between 130 mmHg and 140 mmHg that is effective for patients with endotracheal tube.Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 130 mmHg and 140 mmHg suctioning pressure on oxygen saturation in patients with endotracheal tube.Methods: This research used a quasy experimental design with pretest and posttest group. The study was conducted from 31 January to 1 March 2017 in the Hospital of Panti Wilasa Citarum and Hospital of Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang. There were 30 samples recruited using consecutive sampling, with 15 assigned in the 130 mmHg and 140 mmHg suctioning pressure group. Pulse oximetry was used to measure oxygen saturation. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results: Findings showed that there was a statistically significant effect of 130 and 140 mmHg suctioning pressure on oxygen saturation in patients with ETT with p-value <0.05. There was a significant mean difference of oxygen saturation between 130 mmHg and 140 mmHg suctioning pressure group with p-value 0.004 (<0.05). The mean difference of oxygen saturation between both groups was 13.157.Conclusion: The 140 mmHg suctioning pressure is more effective compared with 130 mmHg suctioning pressure in increasing oxygen saturation in patients with ETT.

scholarly journals TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH CONCEPT ORIENTED READING INSTRUCTION (CORI) STRATEGYTO THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 13 LUBUKLINGGAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Ardayati Ardayati ◽  
Herlina Herlin
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Test Calculation ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Paired T Test

The problem of this research was to find out whether or not it is significantly effective to improve reading comprehension through Concept Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI) Strategy to the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 13 Lubuklinggau in the academic year 2016/2017. The strategy applied was pre experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design.. The sample was taken through cluster random sampling. The result was VIII.2 class with the total number of 28 students. The data were collected through test consisted of 25 items of multiple choices. The data were analyzed through four techniques: 1) Students’ Individual Score, 2) Minimum Mastery Criteria, 3) Normality and 4) Paired t-test calculation. The result of this study: (1) The mean students’ score in the pre-test was 64.00, (2) The mean score of post-test was 76.00 and (3) the result of paired t-test was 11.43, which was higher than 1.703 value of the t-table of 27 (28-1) with 95% significant level for one tailed-test. In this research the researcher formulated two hypotheses. They were null hypothesis (Ho) and alternative hypothesis (Ha). Based on the result of the paired t-test calculation showed that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that it was significantly effective to Teach Reading Comprehension through Concept Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI) Strategy to the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 13 Lubuklinggau in the academic year of 2016/2017

Parabrachial gustatory neural activity during licking by rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishijo ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses ◽  
Paired T Test

1. A total of 51 single neurons was recorded from the pontine parabrachial nuclei of three rats being given sapid stimuli either via intraoral infusions or during spontaneous licking behavior. In 46 neurons, sapid stimuli elicited significant taste responses; of these, 28 responded best to NaCl, 15 to sucrose, 2 to citric acid, and 1 to quinine HCl. The remaining five neurons responded significantly only to water. The mean spontaneous rate of taste neurons during the intraoral infusion and licking sessions was 11.1 +/- 1.1 and 10.8 +/- 1.2 (SE) spikes/s, respectively. 2. Of the 39 neurons tested during both licking and intraoral infusions, four responded significantly only to water via either route. The remaining 35 neurons responded significantly to at least some sapid stimuli. The best-stimulus categories remained the same regardless of the route of fluid delivery (24 NaCl best, 10 sucrose best, 1 citric acid best). When the rats were licking the stimuli, nine taste neurons responded significantly to only one sapid chemical [6 Na specific (Ns) and 3 sucrose specific (Ss)] but were more broadly tuned during intraoral infusions. Conversely, three taste neurons that responded specifically during intraoral infusions (3 Na specific) were not as specific when the animal licked the same fluids. 3. Thirty-five taste neurons were tested via both stimulus routes. These data were compared in three ways. First, for each neuron, the responses elicited during licking and intraoral infusions were compared for each of the four standard sapid stimuli. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the 35 taste neurons ranged from 0.9997 to 0.6785, with a mean at 0.953 +/- 0.012 (SE). The second comparison was between stimulus routes across chemicals. With the use of raw responses, the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl ranged from 0.925 to 0.778 (t test, P less than 0.0001). With the activity elicited by water subtracted (corrected responses), the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl were 0.900, 0.795, 0.369, and 0.211, respectively. The coefficient for QHCl was not significant (t test, P greater than 0.05). Finally, the mean responses to NaCl, sucrose, and citric acid delivered by both routes were compared and found not to differ (paired t test, P greater than 0.05). 4. In separate hierarchical cluster analyses for the licking and infusion data, the largest cluster in each contained all of the Na-best neurons and the next largest, all of the sucrose-best cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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