scholarly journals Eski-Crimea: Introduction to the Historical Topography of the City of the Crimean Khanate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Sergei G. Bocharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Development History ◽  
General Plan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The paper addresses the main points of the development history of a Crimean Khanate town of Eski-Crimea (Old Crimea), and a graphic reconstruction of its general plan for the last quarter of the 18th century – the final stage of the state’s existence. The reconstruction of the historical topography of the late medieval town was carried out on the basis of three arrays of sources – written, cartographic and archaeological. All essential elements of the historical topography of the late medieval town were recreated. The plan of the quarter development and the street network was reconstructed. Town mosques, a bathhouse, fountains which supplied the townspeople with water, hotels – caravanserais, and shopping arcades were localized. The location of the town market and an early mosque built in 1263 was determined. It is suggested that the area around them marks the early region from where the town began to expand and where it is possible to find the earliest cultural layers associated with the emergence of the town. By the final stage of the existence of Crimean Khanate, the area of urban development in Eski-Crimea was about 29 hectares.

scholarly journals Karasubazar: Historical Topography of the City of the Crimean Khanate in the 16th-18th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Sergei G. Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Planning History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article covers the main points of the town-planning history of Karasubazar, the city of the Crimean khanate, and, most importantly, offers a graphic reconstruction of its master plan for the last quarter of the 18th century, the final stage of the state’s existence. Reconstruction of the historical topography of the late medieval city was carried out for the first time on the basis of three types of sources – written, cartographic, and archaeological. All the basic elements of the city’s historical topography as well as the plan of quarterly residential development and a network of streets are reconstructed. Characteristic features of the location of the quarters inhabited by the Greek, Armenian and Jewish population among the main population of the Tatar inhabitants are revealed. City mosques, bathhouses, fountains supplying the citizens with water, hotels-caravanserais, shopping malls, and production workshops are localized. It is found out that Karasubazar was the second largest settlement in the state, its capital Bakhchisarai being the largest one. By the final stage of the Crimean khanate’s existence the area of the urban development of Karasubazar was 109.0 hectares

A jogi oktatás kezdetei Egerben: a Foglarianum

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Levente Linczenbold
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Administrative Task ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Anyone who examines the history of the city of Eger will inevitably meet the so-called “university idea” which caught fire in the 18th century but only became a reality in the 21st century. Eger not only plays an important role in the political history of the country, but also represents lasting values in its cultural history. One of this, doomed by the past, is its activity on law education which flourished between the 18th and 20th century, however, due to social and political changes, it suffered decline and eventually ceased to exist. The modernization aspirations of the Habsburg Empire, the tensions between national and imperial intentions, the social and political crises, the turning points towards the end of the 19th century, made possible a form of training that, despite political debates, supplied the legal and administrative task required by the state of that era to function. In this study, we explore the essential elements of 209 years, especially the early times, and place them in the historical process. The particular motive of the topic selection was the fact that the intention of the founder has been finally realized: Eger’s institution of higher education became a university and will hopefully receive the Catholic denotation one day.

Leaving the Market, Taking the Square: Space and Mobility in the Revolts of Late Medieval Tournai

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Pablo Gonzalez Martin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Urban Places ◽  
The Town

Abstract This article studies the relation between the movement of people and objects and the use of urban places during revolts in late medieval Tournai. It posits that fixed locations were but one ingredient in the construction of medieval spaces of protest and contestation, and that most other essential elements, such as people, objects, and performances, were in fact mobile. As shown here through the case of Tournai, the mobile nature of these elements allowed rebels to transform urban space and its meanings as they moved across the town. The first part of the article looks at how rebels utilized mobility to disrupt and re-appropriate ordinary itineraries. The second part focuses on the “Becquerel revolts,” a series of uprisings that took place in a small, peripheral square. This is to show how urban guilds, by effectively managing to move people, objects, and performances to unexpected locations, not only took control of specific places, but also created their own spaces of contestation.

scholarly journals Traces of French Culture in Palanga: The Historical Context of Palanga Botanical Park, Personalities, and Memory

Lituanistica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Paškevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
Seaside Resort ◽  
French Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article focuses on the origins of French culture in Palanga, a Lithuanian seaside resort, that go back to the years of the rule of the Tyszkiewicz family. The emphasis is put on Palanga Botanical Park (created before the end of the nineteenth century) as the most significant trace of French culture present in the resort and the seaside region until now. The specific symbols in the park created according to the will of the Counts Tyszkiewicz reflect the actualities of French culture. The importance of this space in the city is revealed, and Édouard François André’s principles of park creation are discussed in a new context. They are related to the dialogue that has been established between the residents of Palanga, the park, its creator, and his granddaughter Florence André since the first years of the independence of Lithuania. In order to give a meaning to Édouard André’s creation and to the relationship between the two countries, the correspondence between the great-granddaughter of the famous French landscape designer and the former director of the park, Antanas Sebeckas, is disclosed. It reflects the endeavour of these two personalities and its value for the international relations in representing French culture to the public. Florence André’s letters to the author of this article are also an important resource as she explains the reasons why the park plays an essential role in Palanga. It is shown how certain personal life events (Florence André’s wedding ceremony in Palanga, the park created by her great-grandfather) have become an inclusive part of the history of the town and represent intercultural relations and exchanges. The article is also based on some memories and narratives of the members of the local community in which the park features as a symbol and tradition of the city.

Educational Functions of Cultural Heritage in Tourism

2018 ◽  
pp. 136-150
Author(s):  
Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska ◽  
Krzysztof Widawski ◽  
Piotr Oleśniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Pedagogical Training ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Diverse Cultures

The cultural heritage of the city of Wrocław provides a perfect opportunity to practice educational tourism. It can serve to shape the desirable attitudes of acceptance and tolerance based on closer cognition of diverse cultures. The aim of this chapter is to indicate the tourist potential inherent in the Jewish cultural heritage of Wrocław. The culturally complex history of the city is analyzed, and then the most essential elements of the cultural output of Wrocław are presented in order to better recognize the background of the Jewish heritage. The following step is to locate the presented assets within the operating tourist products fulfilling educational function assumed to be within the city's tourist strategy. The products arise the interest of receivers of any age: from kindergarten children to seniors. Also, in this chapter, the authors observe good practices of the Four Denominations District (depicting a close coexistence of the Jewish heritage and the Christian world – Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox) or the City Museum of Wrocław, with the Old Jewish Cemetery as its division. The pedagogical, training, and cultural educational functions fulfilled with the implementation of the cultural product are emphasized.

Understanding software evolution with software cities

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Steinbrückner ◽  
Claus Lewerentz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Software Evolution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Development History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The City

Software cities are visualizations of software systems in the form of virtual cities. They are used as platforms to integrate a large variety of product- and process-related analysis data. Their usability, however, for real-world software development often suffers from their inability to appropriately deal with software changes. Even small structural changes can disrupt the overall structure of the city, which in turn corrupts the mental maps of its users. In this article we describe a systematic approach to utilize the city metaphor for the visualization of evolving software systems as growing software cities. The main contribution is a new layout approach which explicitly takes the development history of software systems into account. The approach has two important effects: first, it creates a stable gestalt of software cities even when the underlying software systems evolve; thus, by preserving its users’ mental maps these cities are especially suitable for use during ongoing system development. Second, it makes history directly visible in the city layouts, which allows for supporting novel analysis scenarios. We illustrate such scenarios by presenting several thematic cities’ maps, each capturing specific development history aspects.

scholarly journals Provincial Land Use Planning Initiatives in the Town of Kapuskasing

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
O. W. Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
World War I ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Kapuskasing, Ontario warrants special mention in the history of Canadian land use planning. The town first acquired special prominence immediately following World War I when it was the site of the first provincially-planned resource community in Canada. The early layout of the settlement reflected the imprints of both the "city beautiful" and "garden city" movements. After 1958, the resource community then became the focus for an important experiment in urban "fringe" rehabilitation at Brunetville, a suburban area situated just east of the planned Kapuskasing townsite. The author suggests that the role of the Brunetville experiment in helping to change the focus of urban renewal in Canada from redevelopment to rehabilitation has not been fully appreciated.

scholarly journals Historicodogmatic Treatise by Elias Meniates and its 18th-century Serbian Translators from Greek

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzhamilia N. Ramazanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Translation ◽  
The One ◽  
Catholic Churches

The article discusses the history of translation by the 18th-century Serbian translators of the Greek treatise “Πέτρα σκανδάλου” (“Rock of Offence”) written by the theologian and preacher Elias Meniates (1667–1714) in which he deals with the causes of interconfessional polemic between the Orthodox and the Catholic Churches. The history of these translations is placed within the context of interest in Meniates’ works, evidenced in Europe and in the Christian East throughout the 18th century. The vivid style and argumentation of Meniates inspired Stefan Pisarev, inter alia, to translate “Πέτρα σκανδάλου” into Russian, which he did in 1744. In the focus of our research are manuscripts stored in several Serbian libraries and archive collections, namely, manuscripts of “Πέτρα σκανδάλου” translations made by Jovan Mladenović (in 1742) and Vićentije Rakić (in 1797/98). In the study we present, the biographies of the two authors of these unpublished translations are traced and defined more accurately. At the final stage of the study, we correlate the historical settings and probable reasons motivating Mladenović and Rakić to make the Serbian translations of the Greek treatise “Πέτρα σκανδάλου”, on the one hand, and the factors leading to the emergence of a Russian translation of the same treatise by Pisarev, on the other. As believed by the author of this article, the aforementioned translations will serve as a valuable linguistic source for historians of Slavic languages and letters in their comparative studies.

scholarly journals THE SACRED PLACES OF THE KAZAKH HISTORY:MARTOBE AND KULTOBE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Kozha ◽  
◽  
K.M. Zhetibaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Documentary Data ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The article discusses the sacred places of the Kazakh history of the late Middle Ages: Martobe and Kultobe - historical places where the steppe elite once a year (usually in the fall) gathered for a general meeting and resolved issues - the conclusion of peace, the declaration of war, the redistribution of pastures, and the determination of nomadic routes. The article has collected and analyzed all known data from historical sources reporting on these places.Based on documentary data and a historiographic survey, the localization of the Martobe and Kultobe hills is presented. Archeology data and messages from representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia of the 19th and early 19th centuries. XX century together with information from Russian scholars and the results of research by modern historians, they can more reasonably localize the location of Kultobe near the late medieval city of Turkestan and Martobe near the city of Sairam, and make an assumption about the chronological framework for holding general Kazakh meetings in these places.

scholarly journals Zasób archiwum oraz biblioteki parafii św. Katarzyny w Wolbromiu

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Konrad Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

Resources of the archive and library of Saint Catherine’s parish in Wolbrom The article tries to take a closer look at the history of the archive and library of Saint Catherine’s parish in Wolbrom, describe the local conditions and briefly characterise the archival resources and library collection. The parish archive and library, originally part of the monastery, in Wolbrom have previously been the subject of only a few studies. Saint Catherine’s parish in Wolbrom was founded in the first half of the 14th century. At the beginning of the 1620s, it was handed over to the Canons Regular of the Lateran from the Corpus Christi Church in Kazimierz near Krakow. The first printed books almost certainly arrived in the town together with the founding of the parish, while the oldest mention of the parish book collection in Wolbrom comes from 1566. In the following centuries, the collection was successively enriched with donations from benefactors and the clergy. The main users of the collection were almost certainly the monks themselves, the heads of the parish schools and pupils. The rich collection in the parish library was not, however, always respected, especially in the 18th century when, after an inspection, attention was drawn to the terrible conditions in the library. Many valuable parts of the collection were also destroyed during wars and invasions. The Wolbrom parish archive was mentioned for the first time in the second half of the 17th century. Initially, the archive was located in the chambers of the prior, then in the monastery library above the church sacristy. The resources of the archive mainly include parish registers. Most of the documentation comes from the time of the partitions. The parish archive also contains documents not connected with the activities of the parish. There is even a royal document from the time of Stanislaw II August Poniatowski concerning the local guild of furriers. The observations carried out in the archive and library allow important recommendations to be made concerning the safeguarding of the collection with suitable storage conditions.

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