Leadership in public health

This chapter explores the concepts of leadership relevant to and as applied in public health practice. It looks at various concepts of leadership, frameworks for developing public health leaders, leadership development, and explores how one’s leadership practice and values evolve across their career and life course. It draws upon examples and case studies of public health leadership at global, national, and local levels; in a variety of organizations; and in various contexts to illustrate the diversity of leadership challenges, approaches, and applications. As with other public health skills, effective leadership may be taught, evaluated, and developed, with an individual’s comfort and competence with their preferred and alternative leadership styles evolving over time. This is however highly dependent upon one’s professional ambition, engagement, experience, environment, opportunities, and challenges, both in professional and private spheres. The chapter ends by exploring the principles of authentic leadership, reinforcing the importance of practitioners, at whatever phase in their career, understanding their core values, life purpose, and aligning with their day-to-day practices and the organization’s priorities. While not everyone will currently or ever be in a senior executive leadership role, many aspire to do so at some stage in their career, and everyone working in public health will be called upon to lead an activity at some stage—whether a project, administrative task, strategy, or analysis. So, leadership is ultimately everyone’s business, and the time to prepare by laying strong foundations is now. Leadership is a craft that can be learnt, nurtured, and shared, but it will be for the individual to decide when, where and how they are being called to do so, and ultimately what their answer will be.

Analysis of the investment potential of the Voronezh region

Investment processes, being an integral part of the market economy, have a significant impact on macroeconomic indicators, tax potential, financial stability, economic growth, competitiveness of the investment object, the region and the state as a whole. Therefore, such economic categories as "investment", "investment attractiveness", "investment climate" are of interest as an object of research for many theoretical scientists and practical economists. To a large extent, ensuring the economic security of the country is characterized by the creation of an effective system for organizing control over financial activities in the state, which limits the outflow of capital from the national economy. In this regard, a comprehensive solution to the legal, political and administrative task of protecting national interests is required. The priority in the national security system is the economic security of the state, characterized by the presence of a steadily developing economy. The key indicator of the "economic health" of the state is the presence of a favorable investment climate, which is characterized by the ratio of investment attractiveness and investment risks, which is manifested in the scale, structure and dynamics of investment processes. Current trends that indicate instability, unfavorable market conditions and lack of transparency in investment activities in the Russian context confirm the relevance and timeliness of this study. The information base of the research is the normative and legislative acts of the Russian Federation; the main scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists within the studied problem field; official materials and operational information of Rosstat; materials of scientific and practical conferences, periodicals and the Internet.)

Development and assessment of the usability of a web-based referral to treatment tool for persons with substance use disorders

Background Hospitalized people with unhealthy substance use should be referred to treatment. Although inpatient referral resources are often available, clinicians report that outpatient referral networks are not well-established. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the development and usability testing of a web-based Referral to Treatment Tool (RTT © 2020 Trustees of Indiana University, all rights reserved) designed to identify treatment centers for people with unhealthy substance use. Results The RTT was conceptualized, developed, and then populated with public use and local survey data of treatment centers from 14 market ZIP codes of hospitals participating in an SBIRT implementation study. The tool underwent initial heuristic testing, followed by usability testing at three hospitals within a large healthcare system in the Midwest region of the United States. Administrative (n = 6) and provider (n = 12) users of the RTT completed a list of tasks and provided feedback through Think-Aloud Tests, the System Usability Scale, and in-person interviews. Patients (n = 4) assessed multiple versions of a take-home printout of referral sites that met their specifications and completed in-person interviews to provide feedback. Each administrative task was completed in less than 3 min, and providers took an average of 4 min and 3 s to identify appropriate referral sites for a patient and print a referral list for the patient. The mean System Usability Scale score (M = 77.22, SD = 15.57, p = 0.03) was significantly higher than the passable score of 70, indicating favorable perceptions of the usability of the RTT. Administrative and provider users felt that the RTT was useful and easy to use, but the settings and search features could be refined. Patients indicated that the printouts contained useful information and that it was helpful to include multiple referral sites on the printout. Conclusion The web-based referral tool has the potential to facilitate voluntary outpatient referral to treatment for patients with unhealthy substance use. The RTT can be customized for a variety of health care settings and patient needs. Additional revisions based on usability testing results are needed to prepare for a broader multi-site clinical evaluation. Trial Registration Not applicable.

Analysis of Applicability of Grid-based Spatial Analysis Data for Flood Risk Assessment

The risk assessment techniques currently used in Korea have proven to have limitations as they provide flood risk assessments only. Although these assessment techniques comprehensively evaluate various factors such as wind and flood damage and social disruption, the administrative task-handling capacity is limited at the local government level. In this study, using electronic maps (which include building and road name addresses) and number of buildings in 31 cities and counties in Gyeonggi-do, only the statistical values located within the impact range of flood damage were extracted and evaluated for flood risk. The differences in statistical values resulting from data types were supplemented by the use of correction factors in the grid data. As a result of calculating the detailed index of each local government in Gyeonggi Province using the corrected grid data, the index was calculated in this order: Hwaseong, Yongin and Pyeongtaek. However, when the flood risk map and the number of overlapping buildings were used, the index was calculated in this revised order: Goyang City, Gwangmyeong City, and Gimpo City. This provided results that are more accurate than that of the existing methodologies.

Operating room time as a limited resource: ethical considerations for allocation

Scheduling surgical procedures among operating rooms (ORs) is mistakenly regarded as merely a tedious administrative task. However, the growing demand for surgical care and finite hours in a day qualify OR time as a limited resource. Accordingly, the objective of this manuscript is to reframe the process of OR scheduling as an ethical dilemma of allocating scarce medical resources. Recommendations for ethical allocation of OR time—based on both familiar and novel ethical values—are provided for healthcare institutions and individual surgeons.

Implementing Resident Team Assistant Programs at Academic Medical Centers: Lessons Learned

ABSTRACT Background Excessive inpatient administrative tasks can lead to adverse consequences for residents and their patients. Furthermore, this burden has been linked to depersonalization, a major component of physician burnout. Objective To describe the development, implementation, feasibility, acceptability, and early outcomes of Resident Team Assistant (RTA) programs. Methods Three large academic medical centers created RTA programs in which administrative assistants are incorporated into inpatient medical teams. First steps included a needs assessment and driver diagram creation to identify key issues and to solidify goals. Program directors were assigned, and RTAs were hired, trained, and incorporated into inpatient teams at each institution (2003, 2016, 2018). Program leadership and institutional stakeholders met regularly to discuss development and quality assurance. Surveys and direct interviews were performed to evaluate impact and acceptability. Institutional goals in accordance to RTAs tasks were also investigated. Results Resident surveys and interviews have shown acceptability with RTAs completing a large percentage of resident administrative tasks while promoting time spent in direct clinical care and job satisfaction. Hospital-specific improvements have included increase in referring physician communication rate and decrease in work hour violations. The programs have maintained high feasibility and sustainability with a relatively low time commitment from leadership and cost for the institutions. Conclusions The RTA programs at the 3 institutions have continued to be sustained over time with perceived improvements in administrative task burden and job satisfaction for the residents. They have maintained high acceptability and feasibility in terms of effort and costs for the hospitals.

Between administration and research - Understanding data management practices in a mid-sized technical university

Research Data Management (RDM) promises to make research outputs more transparent, findable, and reproducible. Strategies to streamline data management across disciplines are of key importance. This paper presents the results of an institutional survey (N=258) at Graz University of Technology, supplemented with interview data (N=18), to give an overview of the state-of-play of RDM practices across faculties and disciplinary contexts. RDM services are on the rise but remain somewhat behind leading countries like the Netherlands and UK, showing only the beginnings of a culture attuned to RDM. There is considerable variation between faculties and institutes with respect to data amounts, complexity of data sets, data collection and analysis, and data archiving. Data sharing practices within fields tend to be inconsistent. RDM is predominantly regarded as an administrative task, to the detriment of considerations of good research practice. Problems with RDM fall in two categories: Generic problems transcend specific research interests, infrastructures, and departments while discipline-specific problems need a more targeted approach. The paper extends the state-of-the-art on RDM practices by combining in-depth qualitative material with quantified, detailed data about RDM practices and needs. The findings should be of interest to any comparable research institution with a similar agenda.

A jogi oktatás kezdetei Egerben: a Foglarianum

Anyone who examines the history of the city of Eger will inevitably meet the so-called “university idea” which caught fire in the 18th century but only became a reality in the 21st century. Eger not only plays an important role in the political history of the country, but also represents lasting values in its cultural history. One of this, doomed by the past, is its activity on law education which flourished between the 18th and 20th century, however, due to social and political changes, it suffered decline and eventually ceased to exist. The modernization aspirations of the Habsburg Empire, the tensions between national and imperial intentions, the social and political crises, the turning points towards the end of the 19th century, made possible a form of training that, despite political debates, supplied the legal and administrative task required by the state of that era to function. In this study, we explore the essential elements of 209 years, especially the early times, and place them in the historical process. The particular motive of the topic selection was the fact that the intention of the founder has been finally realized: Eger’s institution of higher education became a university and will hopefully receive the Catholic denotation one day.

University Managed Minds: The Colonial Reproduction of Students as Mental Health Problems

This paper, informed by disability studies and de-colonial theory, examines the appearance of the counselling paradigm in the University of Toronto administrative archive. We begin from the assumption that an administrative treatment of the general student body as potentially disordered is a disabling orientation which makes student difficulties into individual problems to be managed through a mental health orientation. We show how this form of human resource management through the mental health regime is essentially tied to the “coloniality of power” as theorized by Mignolo. Such an analysis allows us to uncover the colonial machine from which the Modern University sprung as it remains hidden in place. We theorize how these mental health programs developed through the coloniality of our past are very much part of our present making the student body always potentially disabled and thus an administrative task to be governed while perpetuating Eurocentric ways of knowing, governing, and being.

La descentralización educativa en chile: 25 años de transformaciones radicales para la docencia escolar (1990-2015).

RESUMENEl proceso de descentralización educativa en Chile produjo a nivel escolar tanto el desentendimiento del Estado con respecto a tareas administrativas, como la irrupción de un modelo hibrido llamado “educación particular subvencionada”, estas nuevas formas de administración escolar repercutieron en las y los docentes. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es estimar las diferencias entre docentes del sector municipal y particular subvencionado, con énfasis en sus condiciones laborales. Se utilizará una metodología cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo con acervo en bases de datos, compendios y anuarios estadísticos. Los datos revelan que existen diferencias entre profesores del sector particular subvencionado y municipal, siendo favorable para estos últimos. Se concluye que las y los docentes con mejores condiciones son cada vez menos y se encuentran concentrados en un solo tipo de administración.Palabras clave: Educación. Descentralización. Docencia. Descentralização educacional no Chile: 25 anos de transformações radicais para o ensino escolar (1990-2015).RESUMOO processo de descentralização educacional no Chile produziu no nível escolar tanto a falta de compreensão do Estado em relação às tarefas administrativas quanto o surgimento de um modelo híbrido chamado "educação privada subsidiada". Essa nova forma de administração escolar teve impacto junto aos professores. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estimar as diferenças entre professores no setor privado municipal e subsidiado, com ênfase em suas condições de trabalho. Uma metodologia quantitativa de natureza descritiva será utilizada com dados em bases de dados, compêndios e anuários estatísticos. Os dados revelam que há diferenças entre professores do setor privado subsidiado e municipal, sendo favorável para o último. Conclui-se que os professores com melhores condições são cada vez menores e se concentram em um único tipo de administração.Palavras-chave : Educação, Descentralização, Professor.Educational decentralization in Chile: 25 years of radical transformations for school teaching (1990-2015).ABSTRACTThe educative decentralization process in Chile produced at scholar level both the State´s disengagement with an administrative task, and the irruption of a hybrid model called “particular-subsidize education”, this new forms of scholar administration rebounded in the teachers. The main objective of this work is estimating the differences between municipal teachers and particular-subsidize teachers, with emphasis on labors conditions. Will be used a quantitative methodology of descriptive character with stock in data bases, statistics compiled and yearbooks. The data reveals that exist differences between particular-subsidize and municipal teachers, being favorable for this lasts. It is concluded that the teachers with better conditions are less and less and are concentrated in a single type of administration.Keywords: Education, Decentralization, Teaching