TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION OF FUNGI COMMUNITIES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF FABA BEANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Yu.N. Kurkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Small Plot

The taxonomic composition of rhizosphere complexes of microscopic fungi was determined under nine varieties of faba beans grown in small-plot experiments on black soil with a pH of 7.6, ob-serving zonal agricultural techniques (Belgorod, Russia). It was revealed that under different vari-eties of faba beans the list of micromycete species is not the same, but their number is lower than in control soil. The number of micromycete propagules in the rhizosphere of beans (34 ± 1.7 thou-sand CFU / g soil) is on average 2 times higher than in the control soil (17 ± 1.2 thousand CFU / g soil). The greatest species diversity was found in the varieties Velena and Akvadul (18 and 16 species, respectively). The mycocomplexes of the Tsarskiy Yield and Leader varieties were dis-tinguished by the greatest similarity with the control. Phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum dominated in the rhizosphere complexes of all studied varieties of vegetable beans, and the spe-cies A. fabaе, C. herbarum, and U. botrytis were present only in the rank of random species in my-cocomplexes under some varieties.

scholarly journals Taxonomic analysis of soil phytopathogenic mycocomplexes of different varieties of faba beans in the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Yulia Kurkina ◽  
Ngo T. Z. Kieu Isabelle
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The species composition and structure of soil complexes of micromycetes under faba beans were studied. The indices of the frequency of occurrence and abundance of microscopic fungi species in soils under ten varieties of faba beans were analyzed in comparison with the control soil (pure fallow). The control revealed 20 species of micromycetes from 10 genera. The species from 16 genera were identified under the varieties of beans in the soils. Most micromycetes belong to the Ascomycota division (classes Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes). In the soil of faba beans, the number of micromycete propagules is significantly higher (30.6 ± 2.5 thousand CFU / g soil) than in the control (12.5 ± 2.3 thousand CFU / g). The biodiversity of micromycete complexes in the control soil was maximal (Pielu index 0.75). An increase in the dominance index under the studied varieties of beans (Simpson’s index 0.09-0.24) was noted in comparison with the control soil, with a dominance index of 0.07. Phytopathogenic species of micromycetes were found: fungi Ascochyta fabaе, Alternaria tenuissima, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and Ulocladium botrytis.

scholarly journals Potential antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilgin Akpinar ◽  
Muammer Unal ◽  
Taner Sar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Critical Problems

AbstractFusarium species are the primary fungal pathogen affecting agricultural foodstuffs both in crop yield and economic loss. Due to these problems, control of phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the critical problems around the World. Nanotechnology is a new technology with potential in many fields, including agriculture. This study focused on determining potential effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different nanosizes (3, 5, 8 and 10 nm) and at different concentrations (12.5–100 ppm) against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains. The maximum antifungal activity was achieved by decreasing nanosize and increasing concentration of AgNPs. Mycelium growth abilities were decreased about 50%, 75% and 90% by AgNPs treatment with 3 nm sizes at 25 ppm, 37.5 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations, respectively. The productivity of fungal biomass in the liquid growth media was found to be too limited at the 25–37.5 ppm of AgNPs concentrations with all sizes. In addition, both septation number and dimensions of micro- and macroconidia were found to be gradually decreased with the application of silver nanoparticles. This work showed that the low concentration of AgNPs could be used as potential antifungal agents and applied for control of phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Diversity of Curculionoidea in Humid Rain Forest Canopies of Borneo: A Taxonomic Blank Spot

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sprick ◽  
Andreas Floren
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
Tropical Diversity ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Blank Spot

From 1992 to 2009, 334 trees were sampled by insecticidal knockdown on Borneo, Malaysia. Here, we describe the taxonomic composition of the 9671 specimens and 1589 species Curculionoidea collected (with additional notes on Cerambycidae). We found a largely unknown fauna with an assumed proportion of over 80% of species new to science, including all 33 Apionidae and 26 Ceutorhynchinae species. Specialists could usually identify only a few specimens leaving the remaining beetles for further investigation. The samples contain numerous genera, two tribes (Egriini, Viticiini), one subfamily (Mesoptiliinae) and one family (Belidae) new to Borneo and several genera not recorded west of the Wallace line before. These data show how little is known about canopy diversity. The lack of taxonomic knowledge implies a respective lack of autecological knowledge and is alarming. Some taxa differed conspicuously between primary and disturbed forests. In contrast to common literature, our results let us conclude that current efforts to narrow down the extent of tropical diversity and its ecological importance must consider the enormous species diversity of the canopy.

scholarly journals Taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp

The taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. of nine varieties of Siberian origin (Altayskaya 70, Altayskaya 75, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41 and Svirel) cultivated using wheat and fallow as a predecessor, was studied in the area of Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Average incidence of fungal root infection was 24%. In plants grown using wheat as a predecessor, the incidence was statistically significantly (p <0.05) higher than in plants grown using fallow as a predecessor (27.3 versus 20.6%). Statistically significant (p <0.05) differences in the prevalence of root infection were revealed between cultivars. The maximal prevalence (33.3 and 32.3%, respectively) on average for the wheat predecessor and fallow was found for the varieties Svirel and Altayskaya 75, the minimal (16.7%) for the varieties Novosibirskaya 16 and Altayskaya 70. The complex of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots is represented by Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. (31.4, 44.9 and 23.7% of the pathogenic complex on average for varieties and variants, respectively). The composition of pathogens statistically significantly (p <0.01) depends on the predecessor. In the plants cultivated using wheat as a predecessor, the proportion of Alternaria spp. was higher whereas proportions of Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana were lower. No differences in prevalence and taxonomic composition of root infection between varieties originated from Novosibirsk territory, Krasnoyarsk territory and Altay territory were found. Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, ROOT ROT, KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY, FUSARIUM SPP., BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA, ALTERNARIA SPP

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Some 2,6-Bis-(Un)Substituted Phenoxymethylpyridines

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Huan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Several 2,6-bis-(un)substituted phenoxymethylpyridines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Among all derivatives, compound 3 a exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the five phytopathogenic fungi.

Terrestrial algae of hypersaline environments of the Central Syvash islands (Kherson Region, Ukraine)

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana Vinogradova ◽  
Tatyana Darienko
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Terrestrial Algae ◽  
Oxygenic Phototrophs ◽  
Original Drawings

AbstractIn hypersaline environments of the Churiuk and Kuyuk-Tuk islands located in Central Syvash lagoon (Ukraine) 93 species of oxygenic phototrophs (49 Cyanoprokaryota, 29 Chlorophyta, 12 Bacillariophyta, 2 Xanthophyta, 1 Streptophyta, 1 Eustigmatophyta) are recorded. The sites studied represent four basic types of habitats: semi-terrestrial ecotone (littoral heavy-loam solonchak free of vascular plants), wet gleyic solonchak covered by sparce halophytic vegetation, gleyic solonetz under saline meadow vegetation, and chestnut solonetzic soil with Steppa salsuginosa formation. They differ in the taxonomic composition and species diversity of algae. The highest species diversity is observed at sites of wet gleyic solonchaks (71 species of five divisions), the lowest diversity (23 species belonging to three divisions) in the harsh littoral ecotone. The distribution and abundance of species in the four habitats are discussed with reference to their ecology. Descriptions and original drawings of noteworthy taxa of Chlorophyta and Xanthophyta are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Cutting Pattern and Fertilization Level on Species Diversity and Evaluation of Grassland Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093
Author(s):  
Josef Raus ◽  
Pavel Knot ◽  
Jiří Skládanka ◽  
Michal Kvasnovský ◽  
Martin Sochorec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Cutting Pattern ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
Exploitation Intensity

The effects of fertilization level and cutting pattern on the species diversity and quality of a meadow stand were assessed in 2004–2012 in the small plot trial established in 2003 in Vatín, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic. Four levels of fertilization (none; N0 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N90 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N180 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1) were combined with four treatments of exploitation intensity (4 cuts per year, first cut on 15th May, every next after 45 days; 3 cuts per year, first cut on 30th May, every next after 60 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 15th June, next after 90 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 30th June, next after 90 days). Numbers of species, Simpson’s diversity index and evaluation of grassland quality according to Novák (2004) were evaluated. Numbers of species and Simpson’s diversity index were significantly affected by both fertilization level and cutting pattern. Species richness decreased along with increasing fertilization rates from 29.4 (no fertilization) to 27.8 (N180PK). When comparing cutting pattern treatments the highest species richness was found in four-cut swards (29.6 in average of fertilization levels) and it declines towards late double-cut regime (27.2). The Simpson’s index generally increased from two-cut swards to four-cut and from fertilized treatments to control. Grassland quality was significantly affected by cutting pattern. Values increased from four-cut swards (38.1) to two-cut ones (43.8 and 44.0 in early and late harvest respectively).

scholarly journals Phytopathogenic Fungal Inhibitors from Celery Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Fu-Guang Liu ◽  
Hui-Qin Xie ◽  
Qing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Celery Seeds

Extract of celery ( Apium graveolens L.) seeds was investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. The light petroleum extract showed promising inhibition activities in the tests against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfecum. Chromatographic separation of the extract gave 19 fractions, one of which, QCZ-4, possessed significant inhibitory rates of 64.6%, 88.4% and 54.7% at a concentration of 100 ppm against R. solani, F. oxysporium f. sp. vasinfecum and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Major components in the active fraction were identified by GC-MS as p-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (39.7%), 3-(3,4-dimethybenzoyl) propionic acid (32.6%) and p-heptylphenol (26.9%).

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