Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene
Write your name on a piece of paper with a pencil and you have just created the hottest new material in physics, namely graphene. Graphene is a single atomic layer of graphite arranged in a perfect network of repeating hexagons. It was discovered in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, who received the 2010 Nobel prize in physics. Because of graphene’s unique two-dimensional nature, it has a variety of interesting properties. For example, graphene’s high crystal quality is the result of extremely flexible interatomic bonds, which create a substance stronger in plane than diamond yet allows planes to bend when a force is applied perpendicular to this plane. The current challenge in this area of study is to make uniform large area films of graphene. A promising method is chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on metal substrates, particularly copper (Cu). An apparatus for CVD of graphene was built and tested. Using a variety of different experimental conditions, the growth of graphene was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used as a preliminary diagnostic tool to determine the presence of graphene. The graphene was then transferred from Cu onto silicon dioxide in order to image the sample using optical and Raman spectroscopy. These methods both confirmed that graphene is present. Further work is being done to optimize the growth and transfer methods as well as to test some of graphene’s interesting electrical and mechanical properties.