Navigating the "Brawn Drain": Canadian Student-Athlete Experiences in the U.S. and Canada

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Athletic Scholarships ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Canadian Student ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Increased Pressure

There is an abundance of research on athletic scholarships and the experiences of college athletes (Duderstadt, 2000; Herbert, 2004; Miller & Kerr, 2002; Paskey, 2000; Sack & Staurowsky, 1998; Schofield, 2000; Shulman & Bowen, 2001). However, since much of this work has focused on the U.S. context, there is a scarcity of literature pertaining to the experiences of Canadian student-athletes. This study explores what is known as the "brawn drain"—the apparent movement of Canadian student-athletes to the U.S.--and compares their experiences with those who remain in Canada. In- depth, open-ended interviews with Canadian student-athletes at U.S. universities revealed that on the one hand, these athletes endured arduous training regimes, an increased pressure to perform athletically, and a higher value placed on athletic performance that at times compromised their academic priorities. On the other hand, interviewees noted their satisfaction with superior training facilities and the opportunity to continue to compete at a high level, benefits that they felt were not available in Canada. Our analysis is contextualized within the recent debates among and beyond Canadian Interuniversity Sport on the possibility of raising the annual cap on athletic scholarships in Canada (Paskey, 2000).

scholarly journals COACHING COMPETENCE OF PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS: AN INPUT TO STUDENT-ATHLETE PERFORMANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1092-1102
Author(s):  
Aaron John P. Tolentino ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
School Sports

Coaches have been recognized as important influencers and direct purveyors due to school sports developmental mandate to foster quality relationships that set the stage for quality athletic performance of students. Here, coaches have lots of responsibilities, liabilities, and duties to advocate and hold up for developing their sportsmen and confirming needed suggestions to certainly correspond to one imperative concern (Jacob, Couture, Lamarche, Provencher, Morissette, Valois, Goulet, &Drapeau, 2019). Consistent and uniform improvement and in additional to consistent achieving and winning are allusions of athlete compensation and repayment, which as a result put into organizational and team effectiveness (Simon, 2020). Therefore, thisdescriptive and comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the coaching competence of public school teachers as input to student-athlete performance. A sample of 100 student-athletes(male = 51 female = 49)from different public junior high school in Nagcarlan, Laguna participated in this research. The research focused on the responses given by student-athletes about the coaching competence of their sports coaches and their own athletic performance in terms of the highest level of competition they have reached, number of athletic awards they have received, and rate of winning records (%). Along with the problems of this research on the coaching competence of teachers, the student-athletes was also examined and based on the data gathered and computed, the study found out that most of the student-athletes are fourteen to fifteen years old and there are about equal number of female and male of them in this research. Majority of the student-athletes that competed in different athletic meets are grade ten students. Secondly, among the nine sports participated and competed, volleyball was the first leading sport followed by sepaktakraw and basketball as the third leading sport. Based on the overall statistical analysis, the coaching competence of public junior high school teachers is very high. It was also found out that some of the student-athletes have reached only district-based competitions while few of them have reached inter-division and higher athletic meets. Looking at the number of athletic awards received by the students, it was shown that majority received one to five athletic awards in their overall sports participation. Speaking of participation, among the number of sports competitions participated, the rate of win of student-athletes is high resulted to a high performance in overall in terms of rate of win. The overall relationship between the teachers coaching competence and students athletic performance showed a significant correlation. Looking forward to the findings of this study, coordinators and school-sports program developers should widen sports and extend training programs or experiences relative to other unfamiliar sports in order to offer more opportunities to students who want to excel and develop themselves for different field of sports. Additionally, the coaches should continue their training programs or regime and develop further enhancement that will consistently benefits the success and performance of their subordinates or athletes. Also, the researcher would like to extend his great concern for future researchers to conduct a study not just on the athletic but also on the academic performance of student-athletes to see balance results both as a student and athlete.

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

“Detrimental to the Team Dynamic”: Exploring College Student-Athlete Dissent

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110019
Author(s):  
Rikishi T. Rey ◽  
Zac D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Student ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
School Level ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
College Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
College Student Athletes

To properly manage college student-athlete dissent, stakeholders (e.g., coaches, teammates, administration, athletic trainers, etc.) must first recognize the situations that cause athletes to dissent. Although athletic dissent is not a new concept, to date, it has only been examined at the high school level. To fill this gap, this study begins to explore this issue at the college level by examining the triggering agents that cause college student-athletes to communicate dissent. Participants ( N = 72) from 11 different sports were asked to complete multiple narratives in response to open ended questions after reflecting on a time where they communicated dissent. Results of a thematic analysis indicate that there are eight triggering agents of dissent, demonstrating distinct differences between high school and college student-athlete dissent due to various contextual factors. These findings highlight the needs and desires of college student-athletes which can help coaches, administration, and other stakeholders to promote positive college student-athlete experiences.

Sex Differences on Use of Associative and Dissociative Cognitive Strategies among Male and Female Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonini Philippe ◽  
Roland Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
High Level

This study assessed whether men and women differed in using associative and dissociative cognitive strategies during athletic performance. Athletes (31 men, M age = 23.2 yr., SD = 3.9 and 29 women, M age = 22.9 yr., SD = 4.3) who practiced endurance activities (running, swimming, and cycling) were considered high-level performers because they participated in national or international competition. The athletes were interviewed, and Schomer's 1986 method of measurement was used to evaluate and quantify two cognitive strategies. Most specifically, categories of association concerned the way the athlete paid close attention to bodily signals, and categories of dissociation described how the athlete shunned sensory inputs. Analysis of variance and the t test showed that women tend to be more dissociative than men and men more associative than women. The results suggest that pain perception in these sports may be a function of sex.

scholarly journals Testing Todd: family types and development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jerg Gutmann ◽  
Stefan Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Abstract Many years ago, Emmanuel Todd came up with a classification of family types and argued that the historically prevalent family types in a society have important consequences for its economic, political, and social development. Here, we evaluate Todd's most important predictions empirically. Relying on a parsimonious model with exogenous covariates, we find mixed results. On the one hand, authoritarian family types are, in stark contrast to Todd's predictions, associated with increased levels of the rule of law and innovation. On the other hand, and in line with Todd's expectations, communitarian family types are linked to racism, low levels of the rule of law, and late industrialization. Countries in which endogamy is frequently practiced also display an expectedly high level of state fragility and weak civil society organizations.

scholarly journals The National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA) Mountain Biking Injury Surveillance System (ISS): Analysis of 66,588 Student Athlete-Years of Injury Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5856
Author(s):  
Meredith Ehn ◽  
Masaru Teramoto ◽  
Daniel M. Cushman ◽  
Kristen Saad ◽  
Stuart Willick
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Characteristics ◽  
Mountain Bike Racing

Interscholastic youth cross-country mountain bike racing in the United States has grown significantly over the past decade, yet little is known about the risk profile in this age group. Aiming to protect participants, we implemented a prospective, longitudinal injury surveillance system for the purpose of better understanding youth mountain biking injuries and implementing safety measures. Data were collected during competition years 2018–2020, totaling 66,588 student athlete-years. Designated reporters from each team received weekly emails with exposure and incident report forms. Variables analyzed included demographic, rider-related, trail-related, and other data. Injury characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 were compared to the years 2018 and 2019. More student athletes participated in the 2020 season (25,261) than in prior seasons (18,575 in 2018 and 22,752 in 2019). During competition year 2020, overall injury proportion was lower (1.7% versus 3.0% in 2018 and 2.7% in 2019). Variables associated with injury, body part injured, type of injury, time-loss, and disposition following injury were similar between all years. Despite the pandemic and resultant changes to competition, student athletes continued to ride their bikes and become injured, but the proportion of injuries differed. This report details injury characteristics in youth mountain bike racing, including a comparison of before and during the pandemic.

“Stick to Sports”? First Amendment Values and Limitations to Student-Athlete Expression

2021 ◽  
pp. 107769902110187
Author(s):  
Michael K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Public University ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
University Officials

The resurgence of political activism by student-athletes raises the specter of increased constitutional challenges to public university regulations on student-athlete speech. This article explores the special regulatory environment situating student-athletes and gleans the First Amendment values underpinning cases where student-athletes challenge institutional regulations on their freedom of expression. Analysis of the legal discourse suggests that courts are more likely to apply increased scrutiny to university officials’ attempts to regulate expression on public issues versus speech that address personal or private matters. This article ends with some suggestions for practitioners and scholars to consider when evaluating regulations on student-athlete speech.

Biracial American Colorism: Passing for White

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 2072-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshia L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Identification Processes ◽  
The U.S

Biracial Americans constitute a larger portion of the U.S. population than is often acknowledged. According to the U.S. Census, 8.4 million people or 2.6% of the population identified with two or more racial origins in 2016. Arguably, these numbers are misleading considering extensive occurrences of interracial pairings between Whites and minority racial groups throughout U.S. history. Many theorists posit that the hypodescent principle of colorism, colloquially known as “the one drop rule,” has influenced American racial socialization in such a way that numerous individuals primarily identify with one racial group despite having parents from two different racial backgrounds. While much of social science literature examines the racial identification processes of biracial Americans who identify with their minority heritage, this article focuses on contextual factors such as family income, neighborhood, religion, and gender that influence the decision for otherwise African/Asian/Latino/Native Americans to identify as White.

scholarly journals The S66 Non-Covalent Interactions Benchmark Reconsidered Using Explicitly Correlated Methods Near the Basis Set Limit

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Kesharwani ◽  
Amir Karton ◽  
Nitai Sylvetsky ◽  
Jan M. L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Explicitly Correlated ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Explicitly Correlated Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Covalent Interactions

The S66 benchmark for non-covalent interactions has been re-evaluated using explicitly correlated methods with basis sets near the one-particle basis set limit. It is found that post-MP2 ‘high-level corrections’ are treated adequately well using a combination of CCSD(F12*) with (aug-)cc-pVTZ-F12 basis sets on the one hand, and (T) extrapolated from conventional CCSD(T)/heavy-aug-cc-pV{D,T}Z on the other hand. Implications for earlier benchmarks on the larger S66×8 problem set in particular, and for accurate calculations on non-covalent interactions in general, are discussed. At a slight cost in accuracy, (T) can be considerably accelerated by using sano-V{D,T}Z+ basis sets, whereas half-counterpoise CCSD(F12*)(T)/cc-pVDZ-F12 offers the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost.

scholarly journals The influence of athletic performance on the highest positions of the final ranking during 2017/2018 Serie A season

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Francesco Sofi ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
Laura Risi Ambrogioni ◽  
Giuditta Pagliai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Our previous study on the 2016/2017 Serie A season showed that a greater likelihood of reaching the top positions in the Italian league “Serie A” seemed to be mainly related to sprint activity, goal attempts, total throws, target shots and assists. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the following season data in the same league to compare, confirm, and improve these results. Methods The data of all the matches played during the “Serie A” 2017–2018 season were obtained from the Italian soccer league. The teams’ analysis was performed in terms of total distance covered in km, jogging, running and sprint activities, average speed, and match statistics (total shots, shots on target, goal attempts, assists, turnovers, and steals). Results Teams that reached the first four positions revealed a lower percentage of running (65.98 ± 1.51 vs. 66.84 ± 2.18; p < 0.001), a higher percentage of jogging (25.61 ± 1.71 vs. 25.30 ± 1.97; p = 0.037) and sprint activities (8.41 ± 1.04 vs. 7.86 ± 0.82; p < 0.001). Match statistics seem to be statistically different between the first four teams the other teams. The total goals are strongly associated both with the total score at the end of the championship (R = 0.906; p < 0.001) and with the position in the final ranking (R = 0.850; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that high-level teams have a lower running rate and a higher percentage of jogging and sprinting than other teams.

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