18. Controlling Purple Loosestrife Populations in the Kingston and Surrounding Areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan Randall ◽  
Ty Greene ◽  
Melissa Lee ◽  
Carlyn McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Local Resident ◽  
The Impact

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is an invasive plant species that has affected agriculture and wildlife across Canada. The weed is not native to Canada; however in municipalities like Kingston and the surrounding area, it has caused tangible problems. We will strive to engage a government partner (City of Kingston), community organization (ON Invasive Species Awareness Program), and a local resident throughout the completion of our research and regarding the viability of solutions proposed. First, we will examine the origins of the plant in Canada, emphasizing the reproductive characteristics that make the purple loosestrife a powerfully invasive species. Next, we will analyze the impact of the purple loosestrife from three perspectives: (1) the impact on native plant communities; (2) the impact on native animal communities; (3) the impact on human life. We will then evaluate current bio management controls, as utilized by other governments, such as the introduction of another foreign species as a control agent. Specifically, we will examine the potential control systems using the following criteria: (1) ability to control the invasive species; (2) feasibility and cost; and (3) direct and indirect negative impacts. Finally, we will propose a comprehensive strategy for each organization moving forward, allowing for increased community collaboration and, ideally, the elimination and/or control of the invasive species.

scholarly journals The impact of multiple species invasion on soil and plant communities increases with invader diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Vujanovic ◽  
Gianalberto Losapio ◽  
Stanko Milic ◽  
Dubravka Milic
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Multiple Invasions ◽  
Native Plant Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Despite increasing evidence indicating that invasive species are harming ecological systems and processes, impacts of multiple invasions, and the linkages between these events and changes in vegetation and soil are inadequately documented and remain poorly understood. Addressing multiple invasions would help to highlight high priority invaders and would aid in designing more effective control strategies, contributing to environmental restoration and sustainability. In this work, we tested the impact of three concurring invasive plant species, Amorpha fruticosa, Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Acer negundo, on soil conditions and native plant diversity. The research was conducted in riparian ecosystem and included the following treatments: (1) co-occurrence of the three invasive plant species, (2) occurrence of a single invasive species, and (3) control, i.e., absence of invasive species. Our findings revealed that the impact of invasive plants on soil properties and native plant diversity is magnified by their co-occurrence. Soil in mixed plots (those populated with all three invaders) contained much higher levels of nitrifying bacteria (NB), organic matter (Om), nitrogen (N), and carbon (C) as well as lower carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) levels, compared to single species invaded plots and control plots. Mixed plots were also characterized by reduced native plant diversity compared to single species invaded and control plots. Differences in soil conditions and native plant diversity revealed the interactive potential of invasive plants in depleting biodiversity, and thus in affecting ecological and biogeochemical processes. Our results highlight the need to study the impact of multispecies invasion and suggest that sites in riparian areas affected by co-occurring invaders, should be prioritized for ecosystem restoration. Keywords: Acer negundo, Amorpha fruticosa, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, invasive plants, multiple invasions, soil properties

The effect of invasive Lythrum salicaria pollen deposition on seed set in the native species Decodon verticillatus

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Da Silva ◽  
Risa D. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
The Impact

Relatively little attention has been paid to pollinator-mediated interactions among invasive and native plants in spite of the fact that pollen transfer between species in invaded communities has been shown to occur. In this study, we investigated the impact of pollen deposition from the invasive plant species Lythrum salicaria on seed set in a native species that is a member of the same family, Decodon verticillatus. Whole plants were subjected to hand pollination by conspecific (D. verticillatus only) or mixed (a 1:1 mixture of D. verticillatus and L. salicaria) pollen to determine if the addition of a mixed pollen load interferes with the ability of D. verticillatus pollen to set seed. We found the mixed pollen treatment reduced D. verticillatus seed set by 33.3% relative to the conspecific pollen treatment. Our study demonstrates that invasive plants have the potential to negatively impact the reproductive success of a native species through pollinator-mediated interactions. We discuss the potential implications of our findings to the evolution and persistence of native plant populations in invaded communities.

Interactions between invasive plants and heavy metal stresses: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Zhanrui Leng ◽  
Yueming Wu ◽  
Yizhou Du ◽  
Zhicong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities, including invasive species. Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species. Thus, the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants, invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors. Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that a) the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous, b) the size of the impact was variable, and c) the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type. However, invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals (HMs) and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs. On the other hand, HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMS together with the “escape behavior” of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution. However, there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions. A quantitative research comparing plant, litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.

The impacts of invasive plant species on the biodiversity of Australian rangelands

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Native Plant Species

Most parts of the Australian rangelands are at risk of invasion by one or more species of non-native plants. The severity of current problems varies greatly across the rangelands with more non-native plant species in more intensively settled regions, in climatic zones that have higher and more reliable rainfall, and in wetter and more fertile parts of rangeland landscapes. Although there is quantitative evidence of impacts on either particular taxonomic groups or specific ecological processes in Australian rangelands, a comprehensive picture of responses of rangeland ecosystems to plant invasions is not available. Research has been focused on invasive species that are perceived to have important effects. This is likely to down play the significance of species that have visually less dramatic influences and ignore the possibility that some species could invade and yet have negligible consequences. It is conceivable that most of the overall impact will come from a relatively small proportion of invasive species. Impacts have most commonly been assessed in terms of plant species richness or the abundance of certain groups of vertebrates to the almost complete exclusion of other faunal groups. All scientific studies of the impacts of invasive species in Australian rangelands have focused on the effects of individual invasive species although in many situations native communities are under threat from a complex of interacting weed species. Invasion by non-native species is generally associated with declines in native plant species richness, but faunal responses are more complex and individual invasions may be associated with increase, decrease and no-change scenarios for different faunal groups. Some invasive species may remain minor components of the vegetation that they invade while others completely dominate one stratum or the vegetation overall.

Oviposition Site Preferences ofGalerucella calmariensisandG. pusilla, Biological Control Agents of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory John Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Site Preferences

Oviposition site preferences forGalerucella calmariensisandG. pusilla, biological weed control agents against purple loosestrife, were examined in 1994 and 1995. The leaves, stems, axils, and flower buds (G. pusilladid not oviposit on flower buds) were found to be the preferred oviposition sites. Oviposited egg masses may be used as a parameter within a biological control monitoring plan, providing information onGalerucellaestablishment and/or presence, estimating future population size, and providing biological control agent dispersal information. Monitoring for egg masses should concentrate on host plant leaves, where over 56% of all egg masses were oviposited.

scholarly journals Herbivory may promote a non-native plant invasion at low but not high latitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmin Lu ◽  
Minyan He ◽  
Saichun Tang ◽  
Yuqing Wu ◽  
Xu Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Middle Latitude ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Low Latitude

Abstract Background and Aims The strengths of biotic interactions such as herbivory are expected to decrease with increasing latitude for native species. To what extent this applies to invasive species and what the consequences of this variation are for competition among native and invasive species remain unexplored. Here, herbivore impacts on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its competition with the native congener A. sessilis were estimated across latitudes in China. Methods An common garden experiment spanning ten latitudinal degrees was conducted to test how herbivore impacts on A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, and competition between them change with latitude. In addition, a field survey was conducted from 21°N to 36.8°N to test whether A. philoxeroides invasiveness changes with latitude in nature as a result of variations in herbivory. Key Results In the experiment, A. sessilis cover was significantly higher than A. philoxeroides cover when they competed in the absence of herbivores, but otherwise their cover was comparable at low latitude. However, A. philoxeroides cover was always higher on average than A. sessilis cover at middle latitude. At high latitude, only A. sessilis emerged in the second year. Herbivore abundance decreased with latitude and A. philoxeroides emerged earlier than A. sessilis at middle latitude. In the field survey, the ratio of A. philoxeroides to A. sessilis cover was hump shaped with latitude. Conclusion These results indicate that herbivory may promote A. philoxeroides invasion only at low latitude by altering the outcome of competition in favour of the invader and point to the importance of other factors, such as earlier emergence, in A. philoxeroides invasion at higher latitudes. These results suggest that the key factors promoting plant invasions might change with latitude, highlighting the importance of teasing apart the roles of multiple factors in plant invasions within a biogeographic framework.

scholarly journals Allelopathy is pervasive in invasive plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kalisz ◽  
Stephanie N. Kivlin ◽  
Lalasia Bialic-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Abstract Invasive species utilize a wide array of trait strategies to establish in novel ecosystems. Among these traits is the capacity to produce allelopathic compounds that can directly inhibit neighboring native plants or indirectly suppress native plants via disruption of beneficial belowground microbial mutualisms, or altered soil resources. Despite the well-known prevalence of allelopathy among plant taxa, the pervasiveness of allelopathy among invasive plants is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the majority of the 524 invasive plant species in our database produce allelochemicals with the potential to negatively affect native plant performance. Moreover, allelopathy is widespread across the plant phylogeny, suggesting that allelopathy could have a large impact on native species across the globe. Allelopathic impacts of invasive species are often thought to be present in only a few plant clades (e.g., Brassicaceae). Yet our analysis shows that allelopathy is present in 72% of the 113 plant families surveyed, suggesting that this ubiquitous mechanism of invasion deserves more attention as invasion rates increase across the globe.

Functional Group Responses to Reciprocal Plant Litter Exchanges between Native and Invasive Plant Dominated Grasslands

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Sheley ◽  
Edward Vasquez ◽  
Carla Hoopes
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Native Plant Community ◽  
Density And Biomass

AbstractManipulating plant litter to direct successional trajectories is rarely considered as a management strategy. Our objective was to determine the influence of litter from an intact native plant community on a community dominated by an invasive species within the same habitat type as well as the influence of litter from a community dominated by an invasive species on an intact native plant community. We hypothesized that litter amount, type (source), and fragment size would influence various functional groups within a native plant community differently than within a weed-dominated plant community. We used reciprocal plant litter exchanges between native and invasive plant–dominated grasslands to gain an initial understanding of litter's influence on the density and biomass of native grasses, native forbs, common St. Johnswort, and downy brome. Common St. Johnswort was not influenced by any treatment. Native grass density increased with application of low (454 g/m2) amounts of litter where the grasses were subordinate to common St. Johnswort, and adding native plant litter to the weedy site nearly doubled native grass biomass. Low amounts of finely fragmented litter and high amounts of coarse litter induced native forbs to produce about twice the biomass as found in the non–litter-amended controls. Our study suggests that plant litter may be a component of vegetation that can be managed to shift the plant community toward those plants that are desired.

scholarly journals Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Utami Putri ◽  
Ibnul Qayim ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
West Java ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Putri WU, Qayim I, Qadir A. 2021. Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4019-4027. Study on the impact of invasive species on plant communities has been conducted mainly on the aboveground vegetation. The impact on the soil seed bank has received less attention mostly due to practical difficulties in conducting seed bank assessment. Evaluation of seed bank composition is useful in detecting invasive plant species that may have been present as buried seeds. Information on the vegetation composition in Nyungcung and Kapur hills both under and aboveground is available, but specific information on invasive species has not been discussed yet. This paper describes and analyzes the structure (composition and density) of invasive species in the soil seed bank. Eighty soil samples were taken from the study sites. The soil seed banks were analyzed using seedling emergence and seed extraction methods. 2602 and 1280 seedlings emerged from soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills, respectively. From that number, approximately 48.96% and 68.51% of the seedlings are invasive species in the soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills. The invasive species were dominants in the soil seed bank of the two sites. Cecropia peltata and Clidemia hirta were the most abundant invasive species in the Kapur and Nyungcung hills seed bank, respectively. Species richness and seedling density were higher in Nyungcung hills than Kapur hills, which were invaded for a relatively longer period.

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