scholarly journals KAJIAN RASIO STRUKTUR BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ervina Hariyawaningsih ◽  
Onnyxiforus Gondokusumo
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Lower Upper ◽  
Average Structure ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Iron Analysis

Cost estimation is an activity for estimating costs, resources and risks in order to start and complete a project. Generally, at initial stage, most estimation data is not complete. Therefore, to estimate the quantity of structure we often uses structure ratio. The structure ratio in this research is the ratio of concrete, the ratio of iron and the multiplication between the ratio of concrete with the ratio of iron. Analysis conducted to look for similarity in structure ratio between building functions and between consultans, the influence of the number of floors to the value of structure ratio, find the intervals and average structure ratios, find the effect of earthquake regulations on rising structure ratios and find regression equation for structure ratio. From the analysis results, it is found that the average structure ratios between buildings and between consultans are same. The number of floors affects the value of the iron ratio and multiplication between the ratio of concrete to the ratio of iron. Based on the analysis using the confidence interval estimate, the lower, upper and average limits of the concrete ratio, iron ratio, and multiplication between the ratio of concrete to iron ratio in ≤ 2012 and in> 2012. Changes in earthquake regulations affect the value of the structure ratio, the increase of concrete ratio reaches 8.8%, the iron ratio reaches 19,2% and the multiplication between the ratio of concrete and iron reaches 27,9%. In this research, there is no regression equation was obtained for the concrete ratio, the iron ratio and the multiplication between the ratio of concrete to iron ratio. ABSTRAKEstimasi biaya merupakan sebuah kegiatan untuk memperkirakan biaya, sumber daya dan risiko-risiko agar dapat memulai dan menyelesaikan suatu proyek. Pada tahap awal estimasi, umumnya data yang tersedia belum lengkap. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghitung biaya pekerjaan struktur seringkali menggunakan rasio struktur. Pada penelitian ini rasio struktur yang akan dianalisis adalah rasio beton, rasio besi dan perkalian antara rasio beton dengan rasio besi. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk mencari kesamaan rasio struktur antar fungsi bangunan dan antar konsultan, pengaruh jumlah lantai dengan nilai rasio struktur, mencari interval dan rata-rata rasio struktur, mencari pengaruh peraturan gempa terhadap kenaikan nilai rasio struktur dan mencari persamaan regresi rasio struktur. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan rata-rata rasio struktur antar bangunan dan antar konsultan memiliki nilai yang sama. Jumlah lantai berpengaruh terhadap nilai dari rasio besi dan perkalian antara rasio beton dengan rasio besi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan mengunakan confidence interval estimate diperoleh batas bawah, batas atas dan rata-rata pada rasio beton, rasio besi, dan perkalian antara rasio beton dengan rasio besi pada tahun ≤ 2012 dan tahun > 2012. Adanya perubahan pada peraturan gempa mempengaruhi nilai rasio struktur, yaitu pada rasio beton kenaikan mencapai 8,8%, rasio besi mencapai 19,2% dan perkalian antara rasio beton dan rasio besi mencapai 27,9%. Pada penelitian ini tidak diperoleh persamaan regresi untuk rasio beton, rasio besi dan perkalian antara rasio beton dengan rasio besi.

Method for Constructing a Confidence Interval for the Variance of a Random Variable

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
A. V. Ganicheva ◽  
A. V. Ganichev
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
New Method ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Normal Law

The problem of reducing the number of observations for constructing a confidence interval of variance with a given degree of accuracy and reliability is considered. The new method of constructing an interval estimate of variance developed in the article is formulated by three statements and justified by four proven theorems. Formulas for calculating the required number of observations depending on the accuracy and reliability of the estimate are derived. The results of the calculations are presented in the table and shown in the diagram. The universality and effectiveness of this method is shown. The universality of the method lies in the fact that it is applicable to any laws of probability distribution, and not only for the normal law. The effectiveness of the developed method is justified by comparing its performance with other known methods.

scholarly journals Equivalency between the shock index and subtracting the systolic blood pressure from the heart rate: an observational cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kamikawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Shock Index ◽  
Observational Cohort

Abstract Background Although the shock index is known to predict mortality and other severe outcomes, deriving it requires complex calculations. Subtracting the systolic blood pressure from the heart rate may produce a simple shock index that would be a clinically useful substitute for the shock index. In this study, we investigated whether the simple shock index was equivalent to the shock index. Methods This observational cohort study was conducted at 2 tertiary care hospitals. Patients who were transported by ambulance were recruited for this study and were excluded if they were aged < 15 years, had experienced prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest, or had undergone inter-hospital transfer. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and regression equation were calculated, and two one-sided tests were performed to examine their equivalency. Results Among 5429 eligible patients, the correlation coefficient between the shock index and simple shock index was extremely high (0.917, 95% confidence interval 0.912 to 0.921, P < .001). The regression equation was estimated as sSI = 258.55 log SI. The two one-sided tests revealed a very strong equivalency between the shock index and the index estimated by the above equation using the simple shock index (mean difference was 0.004, 90% confidence interval 0.003 to 0.005). Conclusion The simple shock index strongly correlated with the shock index.

Incisor growth in twins during the seventh and eighth months of foetal life

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice V. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Lower Upper ◽  
Incisor Growth ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Similar Development

SUMMARYWeights of mineralized dental tissue have been determined in incisors dissected from ten pairs of twins failing to survive beyond 7-8 months' gestation. Logarithms of weights were compared as ratios (lower/upper) with data from foetuses of similar development. Intra-twin differences were thus shown to be significantly less than inter-twin differences when comparing central incisors. Lateral incisors were too variable to allow this demonstration. The linear regression equation combining logarithms of lower and upper central incisor weights was suitable for estimating foetal age to within one week of the recorded age.

scholarly journals Equivalency between the shock index and subtracting the systolic blood pressure from the heart rate: An observational cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kamikawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Shock Index ◽  
Observational Cohort

Abstract Background: Although the shock index is known to predict mortality and other severe outcomes, deriving it requires complex calculations. Subtracting the systolic blood pressure from the heart rate may produce a simple shock index that would be a clinically useful substitute for the shock index. In this study, we investigated whether the simple shock index was equivalent to the shock index.Methods: This observational cohort study was conducted at 2 tertiary care hospitals. Patients who were transported by ambulance were recruited for this study and were excluded if they were aged < 15 years, had experienced prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest, or had undergone inter-hospital transfer. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and regression equation were calculated, and two one-sided tests were performed to examine their equivalency.Results: Among 5,429 eligible patients, the correlation coefficient between the shock index and simple shock index was extremely high (0.917, 95% confidence interval 0.912 to 0.921, P < .001). The regression equation was estimated as sSI = 258.55 log SI. The two one-sided tests revealed a very strong equivalency between the shock index and the index estimated by the above equation using the simple shock index (mean difference was 0.004, 90% confidence interval 0.003 to 0.005).Conclusion: The simple shock index strongly correlated with the shock index.

scholarly journals Ethnomathematics: Predicting the Average Height of the Bali Mula Ancestors using Linear Regression

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jero Budi Darmayasa ◽  
Wahyudin W ◽  
Tatang Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Relationship

This research is a study of Ethnomathematics. In this case, we view Ethnomathematics as an intersection between mathematics, mathematical modelling, and cultural anthropology. The purpose of this study is to determine the average height of <em>Bali Mula</em> ancestors communities in the area of Ancient Caldera Batur. We use exploration, observation, experimentation, documentation, and interviews method. In the initial stage of the study, we determine the relationship between the finger length index and the height body of <em>Bali Mula</em> male. The linear regression equation expresses the relationship, which is a length of the index finger as a predictor variable. Moreover, measure the pillars width of some houses <em>Saka Roras</em> and substituting it, we have the regression equation. Consequently, we estimate the average height of the <em>Bali Mula </em>ancestors in Kintamani area are 165 cm. Since it contains linier regression concepts, prediction the average height of <em>Bali Mula</em> ancestors from their traditional homes may be used as the context in mathematical (statistical) learning at school or university.

Addition of Cyclophosphamide, on Demand, to Lenalidomide and Corticosteroids in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma, a Retrospective Review of a Single Centre Experience

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 1842-1842
Author(s):  
Majed Alahmadi ◽  
Esther Masih-Khan ◽  
Eshetu G Atenafu ◽  
Limore Arones ◽  
Christine Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Lower Upper ◽  
Start Date ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The lenalidomide + dexamethasone combination (Len-dex) is an established regimen for myeloma patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory disease. In order to prolong the benefit of this effective regimen, the Myeloma Program at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre has routinely added a third agent, oral weekly cyclophosphamide (Cy), to Len-dex at the time of progression. We have now retrospectively analyzed the results of this pt cohort to assess the response rate (RR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity of the Len-dex-Cy regimen subsequent to progression on Len-dex. Methods The Princess Margaret Myeloma Database identified 54 patients that received Len-dex-Cy for a minimum of 4 weeks following Len-dex as a doublet between 12/2007-12/2014. Hematologic responses were assessed using modified IMWG consensus criteria. Survival times were measured in months both from the start of Len-dex and the time of addition of Cy up to date of event of interest or end of follow-up. The impact of diagnostic and clinical variables on PFS and OS were also assessed in both cases using the log rank test. Results Baseline pt characteristics at addition of Cy included: median age 66 yrs; Hgb 107 g/L; creatinine 76 umol/L; albumin 36g/L; ANC 2.5 109/L; and median platelet count 158 109/L . Myeloma isotypes were IgG (61%), IgA (19%), and FLC (20%). The median number of prior regimens including Len-dex was 2; 80% pts had undergone prior ASCT. The dose of added Cy ranged between 250-500mg once weekly. Twenty-six percent patients experienced dose reductions primarily due to cytopenias. Overall, Len-dex-Cy was well tolerated with grade 3-4 toxicities in < 20% (Table 1). The mean duration of Len-Dex-Cy therapy was 8.9 months (range 0.9 - 37.7). The overall RR (≥ PR) was 41%; however clinical benefit was seen in 85% (≥ SD) pts. The median PFS was 8 months (95 % CI 5.8- 10.3 months) from addition of Cy and 25 months (95 % CI 17.3- 32.5 months) from start of Len-dex. The median OS was 24.5 months (95 % CI 15.2-41.8 months) from addition of Cy and 50.1 months (95 % CI 40.6-70.4 months) from start of Len-dex (Figure 1). Significant adverse factors for PFS were del(13q) from start of Len-dex and presence of anemia at the time of addition of Cy (p=0.027) and (p=0. 031) respectively. Decreased baseline serum albumin at the time of addition of Cy was identified as a significant factor for shorter OS (p=0.004). Conclusions 1) The addition of Cy in pts with myeloma progressing on Len-dex resulted in a clinically meaningful extension of disease control with an acceptable safety profile; 2) The effectiveness of adding a third agent to pts with progression on a doublet regimen raises the possibility that only a limited number of resistant myeloma clone(s) is/are responsible for the progression; 3) Although subject to many limitations, the results of this sequential "on demand" approach compare favorably with our previously reported phase 2 study of the Len+ prednisone+ Cy ("CPR") regimen in which triple-drug therapy was given throughout (PFS: 25 vs 16.1 months; OS: 50.1 vs 27.6 months) (Reece et al, Br J Haematol 2015; 168: 46-54); 4) future prospective studies evaluating a strategy of adding a third agent to a doublet ( such as Len-dex) "on demand" versus using triple therapy throughout the relapse would be worthwhile; a number of potential agents, including Cy as well as other newer anti-myeloma drugs, might be candidates for such studies. Table 1. Grade 3-4 toxicities associated with Len-Dex-Cy therapy in Len-dex relapsed patients Toxicity No. of patients (%) Grade 3-4 Thrombocytopenia 4 (7.7) Grade 3-4 Anemia 10 (18.8) Grade 3-4 Hematuria 1 (1.9) Febrile Neutropenia 2 (3.9) Infections 7 (12.9) Secondary Malignancy 2 (3.7) Table 2. Years PFS Rate 95% Confidence Interval Status Lower Upper Events so far Number at risk 1 0.8675 0.74204 0.93454 7 45 2 0.5591 0.41457 0.68112 23 29 3 0.3433 0.21795 0.47228 34 15 Table 3. Years OS Rate 95% Confidence Interval Status Lower Upper Events so far Number at risk 1 0.9426 0.83250 0.98114 3 48 2 0.7428 0.59831 0.84183 13 37 5 0.4136 0.25436 0.56596 25 11 Figure 1. Progression Free Survival (PFS) from the start date of Len-Dex Figure 1. Progression Free Survival (PFS) from the start date of Len-Dex Figure 2. OS of patients from start date of Len-Dex with 95% CI Figure 2. OS of patients from start date of Len-Dex with 95% CI Disclosures Chen: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Kukreti:Celgene: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Janssen Ortho: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Lundbeck: Honoraria. Tiedemann:Amgen: Honoraria; Janssen Ortho: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Prica:Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Reece:Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Lundbeck: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Onyx: Consultancy; Otsuka: Research Funding; Millennium Takeda: Research Funding; Otsuka: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Lundbeck: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Millennium Takeda: Research Funding.

Estimation of Disease Incidence in Fish Populations

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2194-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald D. Worlund ◽  
Gib Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon

A method is described to estimate the disease incidence in large populations of fish where the material analyzed is composed of a number of pooled individuals. A procedure for calculating a confidence interval estimate is presented, and the bias of the estimate discussed. The methods were developed for estimating disease incidence in hatchery populations of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), but are applicable to any situation in which the sampling plan can be assumed to follow the binomial distribution.

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