scholarly journals Innovation distance of Polish regions in relation to European models

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Szajt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Patent Activity ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The Subject

This article deals with the subject of the level of innovative development that is characteristic of­Polish regions in comparison with other nations of the European Union. Among the main measures of innovation, the following factors were taken into account: patent activity, employment in the R&D sector, expenditure on R&D, and human resources for science and technology. Based on numerous studies indicating that this is an issue, an attempt has been made to measure the innovation gap in spatial and dynamic terms using a number of statistical tools. The innovation gap index, the innovation level change index and the patent advantage indicator were used as measures. Each of these methods takes into account certain measures of innovation (and their different approaches), which allows the problem to be comprehensively studied. Statistical data from the Eurostat, OECD and EPO databases for 2009–2017, which are related to the availability of data presented in regional innovation rankings, were used in the study. The results clearly show a disproportion in the development of Polish regions in relation to their European counterparts, but also in the direction of change over recent years. There are in addition symptoms of positive changes illustrated by detailed assessments of the indicators examined for selected Polish regions.

scholarly journals Frontex activities on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis (2015-…)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Patryk Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normative Perspective

According to the title, the subject of this article is the activity of Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis, the escalation of which took place in mid-2015. The main part of the text has been divided into four parts. In the first part of the article, the author briefly described the genesis of Frontex and its current activity in the normative perspective. In the second part, the author characterised the determinants of the migrant crisis, focusing on the challenges for the European Union which the crisis generated. In the third part, the author described the course of the Western Balkan route and analysed statistical data on the population migrating that route. In the fourth and last part, the author analysed Frontex’s activity on the Western Balkan route, describing the determinants of the actions taken.

Obywatele Unii Europejskiej – wyborcy Parlamentu Europejskiego – parlamentu ponadnarodowego

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Stefan Marek Grochalski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Direct Elections

Parliament – an institution of a democratic state – a member of the Union – is not only an authority but also, as in the case of the European Union, the only directly and universally elected representative body of the European Union. The article presents questions related to the essence of parliament and that of a supranational parliament which are vital while dealing with the subject matter. It proves that the growth of the European Parliament’s powers was the direct reason for departing from the system of delegating representatives to the Parliament for the benefit of direct elections. It presents direct and universal elections to the European Parliament in the context of presenting legal regulations applicable in this respect. It describes a new legal category – citizenship of the European Union – primarily in terms of active and passive suffrage to the European Parliament, as a political entitlement of a citizen of the European Union.

The state of democracy in the European Union in scenarios: federation, empire and Europe à la carte

2016 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu ◽  
A La Carte

The aim of the article is to present possible scenarios on maintaining democracy in the EU, while assuming different hypothetical directions in which it could develop as a federation, empire and Europe à la carte. Selected mechanisms, norms and values of the EU system that are crucial for the functioning of democracy in the European Union are the subject of this research. The abovementioned objective of scenario development is achieved through distinguishing the notions of policy, politics and polity in the research. In the analysis of the state of democracy in the European Union both the process (politics) and the normative approach (policy) have been adopted. The characterised norms, structures, values and democratic procedures in force in the EU will become a reference point for the projected scenarios. The projection refers to a situation when the existing polity transforms into a federation, empire or Europe à la carte. The article is to serve as a projection and is a part of a wider discussion on the future of the basis on which the European Union is build.

Struktura organizacyjna instytucji unijnych – analiza efektywności w dobie kryzysu

2015 ◽  
pp. 90-116
Author(s):  
Jolanta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
Treaty Implementation ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
The Eu

The economic crisis showed the weaknesses of the institutional system of the European Union, raising questions about its shape. The article aims to determine whether internal structures of the EU institutions and their modes of operation are chances or barriers for effective treaty implementation and the ability of institutions to face unexpected, difficult situations. The article focuses both on the formal structure of the institutions and their human resources. The article aims to conclude if the crisis may give impetus to a significant improvement in the EU institutional system.

scholarly journals Analysis of the State of the Accident Rate in the Construction Industry in European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hoła ◽  
M. Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
European Union Countries

The article presents an analysis and evaluation of the accident rate in selected European Union countries. On the basis of available statistical data, the analysis of accidents in various sectors of the European Union economy was carried out. Afterwards, a ranking of countries regarding accidents in the construction industry was developed. For the selected representative countries, analysis of changes in the indicators which characterize the accident rate during the period between 2008 and 2012 was carried out. Conclusions resulting from the conducted research were formulated.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SET-ASIDE AND FALLOW LAND SCALE IN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (4) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Anna Grontkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
The European Union

Changes in land management methods constantly occur, caused by natural, economic, social and demographic conditions. This paper aims to determine changes in set-asides and fallow land in Poland, in the years 1990-2020, and determine the spatial diversity of this phenomenon. The study was based on available statistical data for the studied period. The study shows that, before 2004, the share of fallow land was much more significant. After Poland acceded to the European Union, land left without cultivation decreased considerably with a simultaneous increase in the area of land used for agriculture. The results show that the share and number of hectares of fallow area decreased. The provinces of Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Opole and Wielkopolskie were characterized by the lowest percentage of fallow land in the agricultural area of the province. In contrast, the provinces of Podkarpackie, Lubuskie, Świętokrzyskie, Małopolskie, Śląskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie had the highest percentage of fallow land.

Freiheit der Advokatur

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
German Constitution ◽  
Federal Court Of Justice ◽  
The Subject

Since the abolishment of singular admission to the higher regional courts in 2000, the judiciary has been asking itself the question whether singular admission to the Federal Court of Justice is compatible with the German Constitution and the laws of the European Union. In particular, the non-transparent selection procedure was and is the trigger of controversial discussions and the subject of legal disputes. The work questions the conformity of singular admission to the Federal Court of Justice with the German Constitution and considers the selection procedure to be without transparency, comprehensibility and rule of law.

scholarly journals Economic prospects for cooperation the European Union and Ukraine in the use of blockchain technologies

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Enterprise Technology ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the research of the possibilities of cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine in the use of blockchain technologies. The transition to the blockchain allows to minimise costs and maximise the results of economic activity. The experience of using blockchain technologies by world corporations is analysed. The subject of the research in the article is the potential of economic cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the field of implementation and use of blockchain technologies. The purpose of the article is to find out the economic prospects of cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the use of blockchain technologies. Tasks: researching of tendencies of development of blockchain technologies and possible variants of their implantation in activity of the Ukraine’s enterprises, searching for benefits from cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of use of blockchain technologies. General scientific used research methods: analysis – to determine the peculiarities of the use of blockchain technologies in the EU, synthesis – to find opportunities for cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the use of blockchain technologies. The obtained results: based on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the field of enterprise technology, problematic aspects are identified and the main advantages of the transition from the traditional management model to blockchain platforms are identified, and the economic benefits of locating mining farms in Ukraine compared to some EU countries are calculated. Conclusions: using of blockchain technologies by modern enterprises gives them a number of competitive advantages, including saving on labor costs, increased information security, reduced costs for quality control of products/services, etc. Blockchain allows to promote more sustainable cooperation between EU and Ukrainian companies not only in trade, but also in industry, finance and energy. By implementing joint blockchain systems with the EU, Ukraine can provide mining with low costs for electricity and wages.

scholarly journals COHESION POLICY INSTRUMENTS SUPPORTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Natalia Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Empirical Material

The aim of the article is to discuss issues related to the development of tourism in the context of the possibility of financial support available from cohesion policy funds in the current financial perspective for the years 2014-2020. The particular attention was paid to the multifaceted nature of modern tourism and the directions of changes in the use of EU funds, referring to the completed programming period 2007-2013. An attempt was also made to indicate the significance of tourism in the section of the national economy of Poland and in the European Union, concentrating on its interdisciplinary character. Characteristics of cohesion policy, its goals and principles of functioning were made. The article is of a review nature, which means that the authors’ own materials and empirical material from the literature of the subject were used. The figures were obtained from reports published by the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers. It was found out that the amount of allocated funds for cohesion policy among all European Union countries in 2014-2020 is the highest for Poland and amounts to EUR 72.9 billion. There is an increase in the amount of funds allocated from the European Union to Poland, compared to the amount of allocated funds in the 2007-2013 perspective. It was also pointed out that the cohesion policy instruments mentioned above only indirectly contribute to the development of tourism, as the financing for 2014-2020 lacks programs and activities entirely dedicated to tourism.

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