AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SET-ASIDE AND FALLOW LAND SCALE IN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (4) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Anna Grontkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
The European Union

Changes in land management methods constantly occur, caused by natural, economic, social and demographic conditions. This paper aims to determine changes in set-asides and fallow land in Poland, in the years 1990-2020, and determine the spatial diversity of this phenomenon. The study was based on available statistical data for the studied period. The study shows that, before 2004, the share of fallow land was much more significant. After Poland acceded to the European Union, land left without cultivation decreased considerably with a simultaneous increase in the area of land used for agriculture. The results show that the share and number of hectares of fallow area decreased. The provinces of Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Opole and Wielkopolskie were characterized by the lowest percentage of fallow land in the agricultural area of the province. In contrast, the provinces of Podkarpackie, Lubuskie, Świętokrzyskie, Małopolskie, Śląskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie had the highest percentage of fallow land.

scholarly journals Analysis of the State of the Accident Rate in the Construction Industry in European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hoła ◽  
M. Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
European Union Countries

The article presents an analysis and evaluation of the accident rate in selected European Union countries. On the basis of available statistical data, the analysis of accidents in various sectors of the European Union economy was carried out. Afterwards, a ranking of countries regarding accidents in the construction industry was developed. For the selected representative countries, analysis of changes in the indicators which characterize the accident rate during the period between 2008 and 2012 was carried out. Conclusions resulting from the conducted research were formulated.

scholarly journals Frontex activities on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis (2015-…)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Patryk Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normative Perspective

According to the title, the subject of this article is the activity of Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis, the escalation of which took place in mid-2015. The main part of the text has been divided into four parts. In the first part of the article, the author briefly described the genesis of Frontex and its current activity in the normative perspective. In the second part, the author characterised the determinants of the migrant crisis, focusing on the challenges for the European Union which the crisis generated. In the third part, the author described the course of the Western Balkan route and analysed statistical data on the population migrating that route. In the fourth and last part, the author analysed Frontex’s activity on the Western Balkan route, describing the determinants of the actions taken.

scholarly journals Economic relations between Bulgaria and Serbia: Current state and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Antoaneta Vassileva ◽  
Mirjana Stevanović ◽  
Milica Simić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Projects ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Desk Research

The main goal of this paper is to make a survey of the current state of the economic relations between Bulgaria and Serbia and to outline some recommendations for their future development. The analytical framework is based on a desk research of the economic cooperation between both countries and a study of several European projects in which they participate. Statistical data and information from official documents of the governments of Bulgaria and Serbia, as well as documents of the European Union have been used. The author does not aim to make just a comparative analysis but rather to look for the points of intersection of the mutual interests of both countries. The findings of the research enable the evaluation of the depth of economic cooperation between Bulgaria and Serbia and give grounds for conclusions about the prospects for expanding of their economic ties.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS AS BENEFICIARIES OF AREA AND OPERATIONAL PAYM ENTS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION IN POLAND IN THE PERIOD OF 2007-2013

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Kamil Kaliński ◽  
Roman Rudnicki ◽  
Katarzyna Wilczyńska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article was to assess the spatial diversity of payments of European Union assistance programmes implemented in the financial period of 2007-2013, which were directed to farms, as well as the assessment of the structure of these funds. It was shown that as much as PLN 121.2 billion – nearly 25.6% of the total – were distributed to the above-mentioned group of beneficiaries. The analysis was based on amounts of the obtained payments, including their division, as proposed by the authors, into area payments (dependent on the current subsidy rates per 1 ha of agricultural acreage) and operational payments (related to the implementation of specific aid measures within the CAP), with a breakdown into four absorption directions by the established groups of endogenous features of agriculture. A number of indicators and the cartogram method were used. The studies have demonstrated that the structure of these funds is dominated by area payments (77%), which are egalitarian, independent from the implementation of specific modernisation projects, applicable to all agricultural holdings and related to the agricultural acreage in good agricultural condition and the area of crops subject to the relevant payment. Besides the analysis of the spatial diversification of the above-mentioned payments by voivodships and counties, the research was guided towards the assessment of the relation between area and operational payments (Polish average 0.30), assuming that the share of the latter – given the impact of the EU funds – plays a decisive role in the modernisation of agriculture.

scholarly journals CBME 2017 Gender Equalities on the Czech Labor Market in Comparison with EU

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Legnerova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Implementation Of The Strategy

The paper deals with the equality of women and men in the labor market in the Czech Republic compared with the European Union in connection with the strategy for the period 2010–2015. The aim of the research was based on analysis of available statistical data to describe and assess the evolution of the situation in this area in the last five years, assess the benefits of the Strategy and to assess the achievement of the objectives that the European Commission has identified. Data is processed and analysed from the perspective of the whole of the European Union, with a focus on the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of available statistical data, and through selected indicators described the current situation in selected areas of the issue of the achievement of the equality between women and men in the Czech labor market. The obtained data are compared to the data from 2009 and by the method of induction is evaluated the achievement of the rate of equality between women and men in the labor market and also the contribution and the rate of implementation of the strategy, the primary objective is mentioned in all areas to achieve this equality.

scholarly journals German tax consolidation regimes in an international comparison

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Magdalena Hybka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consolidation Model ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

The tax climate of a jurisdiction may encourage or discourage potential investors. There are many tax factors taken into account by multinational enterprises when making location decisions. One of those factors is the possibility of creating a group for tax purposes. Consolidation allows two or more companies to be potentially considered as a single entity for tax purposes. The European Union and OECD member states offer tax grouping regimes on different conditions. This article reviews the German tax consolidation model and discusses requirements and options for that consolidation. Moreover, it compares German consolidation rules with the ones implemented in selected countries. The methodology of this article is determined by the research objectives and the research topic. The requirements for tax consolidation are specified in the law implemented in European countries. Hence, this article includes a legislative analysis of the regulations comprised in selected national acts. It also reviews the literature on the topic analysed, along with the statistical data collected by the German Federal Ministry of Finance in regard to the tax groups and their functioning.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of tariff preferences on the foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
D. E. Barsegyan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of tariff preferences on foreign trade between two countries. The analysed measures were: dynamics of the Russian Federation’s exports to the Republic of Serbia, dynamics of the Russian Federation’s imports from the Republic of Serbia, tariff preferences applied between countries. The article provides statistical data on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia for 2010–2019 and their dependence on the application of tariff preferences, as well as indicators of trade between the EAEU and the EAEU member states with the Republic of Serbia for 2017–2019. The paper analyses the possible directions of Serbia’s participation in the EAEU and the European Union, assesses the benefits of creating a free trade zone between the EAEU and Serbia, as well as the costs of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. The importance of tariff preferences in the development of foreign trade relations between Russia and Serbia is shown.

scholarly journals A Review: The Energy Poverty Issue in the European Union and Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zalostiba ◽  
D. Kiselovs
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Energy poverty is a growing concern in the European Union. Following energy market liberalization, the problem of energy affordability has entered the political discussion, making it necessary to estimate its dimensions, develop and implement a policy and means for its mitigation. To evaluate the situation in Latvia, the paper reviews the way energy poverty is currently defined and measured, investigating the advantages and shortcomings of various definitions and approaches. It then provides a brief analysis of energy poverty in three char-acterising dimensions: low income, high costs of energy services and unsatisfactory housing conditions (primarily related to energy efficiency aspects), using available statistical data. The characterising indicators of energy poverty are compared with the EU average values. Finally, this paper highlights individual policy measures for diminishing energy poverty.

scholarly journals The youth in the European labour market. Is it lost generation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Daniel Markovic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
The Media

Young people, school leavers, graduates and those who have not completed education, belong in many countries of European Union among the disadvantaged in the labour market. Because of that, they often face serious social situation. This paper focuses on the situation of young people in the labour market in the European Union, for whom the term lost generation is used in the media. It is investigated whether the concept of a Lost Generation is an adequate name for the situation or it is just journalistic hyperbole. The paper is a systematic review. It includes a meta-analysis component which involves using statistics. The methods of analysis of statistical data, synthesis of researched findings and monitoring of press and media are used.

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