scholarly journals UV-B Radiations and Secondary Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlkay Yavaş ◽  
Aydın Ünay ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Zohaib Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Damaging Effects

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280 to 320 nm) radiations have appeared to be detrimental to plants, due to their damaging effects on proteins, lipids, membranes and DNA. UV-B radiations are a significant regulator of plants’ secondary metabolites. High intensity of ultraviolet radiations may interfere with growth and productivity of crops. But low levels of UV-B radiations give rise to changes in the plants’ secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids and glucoseinolates. Therefore, low intensity of UV-B radiations may be used to generate plants, enriched with secondary metabolites, having improved reproductive ability, early ripening and tolerance against fungi, bacteria and herbivores.

Concentration of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) and sucrose in beverages: Effects on physicochemical characteristics and acceptance

2020 ◽  
pp. 108201322097379
Author(s):  
Jahir Antonio Barajas-Ramírez ◽  
Ana Luisa Gutiérrez-Salomón ◽  
Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Red Color

The calyces of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are used to make a refreshing drink with high content of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, although the process for obtaining the beverage is not standardized. In this research it was determined physicochemical characteristics, total soluble polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and acceptance for beverages prepared by decoction at four concentrations of calyces in water (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0%) and two concentrations of sucrose (11 and 16%). Color parameters in beverages permitted to describe them as red, which turned darker as the content of hibiscus increased. Total soluble polyphenols content and antioxidant activity were directly correlated with content of calyces in beverages and inversely correlated with pH, which means that beverages with higher content of calyces could be perceived as more acidic and more intense in characteristics associated with hibiscus presence, such as acid, astringent and the presence of intense dark red color, although the higher concentration of sucrose might have contributed to mask slightly the sourness and astringency. Acceptance for hibiscus beverages allowed to observe two segments of consumers, high-intensity and low-intensity likers but both confluence in overall liking values for beverages prepared with 2.5% calyces and 16% sucrose.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Flavonoids from Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Leaves and Roots ofScutellaria baicalensisGeorgi Using LC-UV-ESI-Q/TOF/MS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ting Tang ◽  
Min-Feng Fang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Ming Yue
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Intensity Radiation ◽  
Tof Ms

Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It has been used for anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial activities, and so forth. Long-term enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation caused more effect on leaves than on roots of the plant. Liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-UV-ESI-Q/TOF/MS) method was applied for simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis of flavonoids in leaves and roots ofS. baicalensisby enhanced UV-B radiation. Both low-intensity radiation and high-intensity radiation were not significantly increaseing the contents of baicalin, wogonoside, and wogonin in roots. However different intensity of radiation has different effects on several flavonoids in leaves. Both low-intensity radiation and high-intensity radiation had no significant effect on contents of baicalin and tectoridin in leaves; the content of scutellarin was significantly decreased by low-intensity radiation; chrysin was detected in low-intensity radiation and high-intensity radiation, and chrysin content is the highest in low-intensity radiation, but chrysin was not detected in control group. Different changes of different flavonoids under enhanced UV-B radiation indicate that induction on flavonoids is selective by enhanced UV-B radiation.

Inhibition rather than Enhancement of Hemostatic System Activation during Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kyrle ◽  
Johannes Brockmeier ◽  
Ansgar Weltermann ◽  
Sabine Eichinger ◽  
Wolfgang Speiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
System Activation

SummaryCoumarin-induced skin necrosis is believed to be due to a transient hypercoagulable state resulting from a more rapid decline of the protein C activity relative to that of coagulation factors (F) II, IX and X during initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy. We studied hemostatic system activation during early oral anticoagulant treatment with a technique that investigates coagulation activation in the microcirculation.We determined in 10 healthy volunteers the concentrations of prothrombin fragment F1+2 (f1.2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) in blood emerging from an injury of the microvasculature (bleeding time incision) before and after initiation of both high-inten- sity and low-intensity coumarin therapy. In addition, f1.2, TAT, activated F VII (F Vila) and the activities of FII, F VII, F X and protein C were measured in venous blood.A rapid decline of F VII and protein C was observed in venous blood with activities at 24 h of 7 ± 1% and 43 ± 2%, respectively, during the high-intensity regimen. A 20 to 30% reduction of f1.2 and TAT was seen in venous blood at 72 h with no major difference between the high- and the low-intensity regimen. F Vila levels were substantially affected by anticoagulation with a >90% reduction at 48 h during the high-intensity regimen. Following high-intensity coumarin, a >50% decrease in the fl.2 and TAT levels was found in shed blood at 48 h suggesting substantial inhibition of thrombin generation during early oral anticoagulation. An increase in the f1.2 and TAT levels was seen neither in shed blood nor in venous blood.Our data do not support the concept of a transient imbalance between generation and inhibition of thrombin as the underlying pathomechanism of coumarin-induced skin nekrosis.

Contralateral training effects of low-intensity blood-flow restricted and high-intensity unilateral resistance training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goncalo V. Mendonca ◽  
Carolina Vila-Chã ◽  
Carolina Teodósio ◽  
André D. Goncalves ◽  
Sandro R. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Low Intensity

scholarly journals Comparison of two different models of rehabilitation programs following total knee replacement operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabab S. Zaghlol ◽  
Sahar S. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed M. Attia ◽  
Ghada A. Dawa
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Functional Gain

Abstract Background Total knee replacement operation (TKR) is the treatment of choice in severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Rehabilitation post-TKR is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare between the high-intensity (HI) rehabilitation program and the low-intensity (LI) rehabilitation program following TKR. Results At 1 month following the TKR operations, significant improvements were found in the first group compared to the second group in all the measured parameters except for the knee range of motion (ROM). At 3 and 12 months follow-up periods, there were statistically significant differences between both groups in all the evaluated parameters except for the numeric pain rating scale and the knee ROM. Conclusions Both high-intensity and low-intensity rehabilitation programs are effective; however, HI program had superior functional gain and patient-reported outcomes compared to the LI program. Moreover, HI group has a long-term functional gain.

Flavonoids and UV Photoprotection in Arabidopsis Mutants

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken G Ryan ◽  
Ewald E Swinny ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Kenneth R Markham
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

AbstractWild-type Arabidopsis L. leaves exposed to low ultraviolet-B (U V B ) conditions contained predominantly kaempferol glycosides, with low levels of quercetin glycosides. The flavonoid level doubled on treatment with UVB and an increase in the ratio of quercetin: kaempferol was observed. These results suggest that flavonols protect Arabidopsis plants from UVB damage, and indicate that the flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) enzyme, which converts dihydrokaempferol to dihydroquercetin, may play a crucial role. The tt7 mutant lacks this gene and, after treatment with sub-ambient UVB, contained kaempferol glycosides exclusively, to a level of total flavonols similar to that in wild-type Arabidopsis. Total flavonols after enhanced UVB treatment were higher in tt7 than in similarly treated wild-type plants, and only kaempferol glycosides were detected. Despite this high level, tt7 plants were less tolerant of UVB radiation than wild-type plants. These observations suggests that kaempferol is a less effective photoprotectant than quercetin. The chalcone isomerase (CHI) mutant (tt5) surprisingly did not accumulate naringenin chalcone, and this suggests that the mutation may not be restricted to the CHI gene alone. The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives did not change with UVB treatment in most varieties indicating that their role in UV photoprotection may be subordinate to that of the flavonoids.

Physiological Effect of Lichen Secondary Metabolites on the Lichen Parasite Marchandiomyces Corallinus

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Torzilli ◽  
P. A. Mikelson ◽  
J. D. Lawrey
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi

AbstractIt has been suggested that the host specificity exhibited by some lichenicolous fungi depends on their ability to tolerate the secondary chemistry of potential host lichens. For example, the lichen parasite Marchandiomyces corallinus is able to degrade the tissues of the lichen Flavoparmelia baltimorensis irrespective of the presence or absence of endogenous phenolic compounds. In contrast, the degradation of tissues from the lichen Lasallia papulosa is suppressed when endogenous phenolics are not removed. We have investigated the physiological basis of this inhibition in order to understand more about how lichen chemistry infiuences host preference in lichenicolous fungi. Results showed that the secondary compounds from L. papulosa inhibit the overall growth of M. corallimis, but not the catalytic activity of its tissue-degrading polysaccharidases. This effect is different from that shown by another lichen parasite, Nectria parmeliae, where lichen compounds specifically inhibited polysaccharidase activity. Compared with the compounds of L. papulosa, the endogenous phenolics of F. baltimorensis inhibited the growth of M. corallimis substantially less and exhibited little or no inhibition of polysaccharidases. For M. corallimis, host preference appears to be associated with physiological adaptation to the chemistry of F. baltimorensis.

scholarly journals Competences Required for the Delivery of High and Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Interventions for Chronic Fatigue, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Rimes ◽  
Janet Wingrove ◽  
Rona Moss-Morris ◽  
Trudie Chalder
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Interventions

Background: Cognitive behavioural interventions are effective in the treatment of chronic fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome (sometimes known as ME or CFS/ME) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Such interventions are increasingly being provided not only in specialist settings but in primary care settings such as Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services. There are no existing competences for the delivery of “low-intensity” or “high-intensity” cognitive behavioural interventions for these conditions. Aims: To develop “high-intensity” and “low-intensity” competences for cognitive behavioural interventions for chronic fatigue, CFS/ME and IBS. Method: The initial draft drew on a variety of sources including treatment manuals and other information from randomized controlled trials. Therapists with experience in providing cognitive behavioural interventions for CF, CFS/ME and IBS in research and clinical settings were consulted on the initial draft competences and their suggestions for minor amendments were incorporated into the final versions. Results: Feedback from experienced therapists was positive. Therapists providing low intensity interventions reported that the competences were also helpful in highlighting training needs. Conclusions: These sets of competences should facilitate the training and supervision of therapists providing cognitive behavioural interventions for chronic fatigue, CFS/ME and IBS. The competences are available online (see table of contents for this issue: http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_BCP) or on request from the first author.

scholarly journals Service Use, Drop-Out Rate and Clinical Outcomes: A Comparison Between High and Low Intensity Treatments in an IAPT Service

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella W. Y. Chan ◽  
Malcolm Adams
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Drop Out Rate

Background: The IAPT services provide high and low intensity psychological treatments for adults suffering from depression and anxiety disorders using a stepped care model. The latest national evaluation study reported an average recovery rate of 42%. However, this figure varied widely between services, with better outcomes associated with higher “step-up” rates between low and high intensity treatments. Aims: This study aimed to compare the two intensity groups in an IAPT service in Suffolk. Method: This study adopted a between groups design. A sample of 100 service users was randomly selected from the data collected from an IAPT service in Suffolk between May 2008 and February 2011. The treatment outcomes, drop-out rate, and other characteristics were compared between those who received high and low intensity treatments. Results: The high intensity group received, on average, more sessions and contact time. They received more CBT sessions and less guided self-help. There were no group differences in terms of the drop-out and appointment cancellation rates. Analyses on clinical outcomes suggested no group difference but demonstrated an overall recovery rate of 52.6% and significant reduction in both depression and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Despite methodological limitations, this study concludes that the service as a whole achieved above-average clinical outcomes. Further research building upon the current study in unpacking the relative strengths and weaknesses for the high and low intensity treatments would be beneficial for service delivery.

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