scholarly journals Short-Term Impact of Drip Irrigation Frequency on Soil Hydro-Physical Properties of an Alfisol and Performance of Two Maize Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1675-1685
Author(s):  
Gabriel Oladele Awe ◽  
Busola Margret Ayuba ◽  
Japheth Umam ◽  
Toyin Peter Abegunrin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
And Performance

Irrigation scheduling is important for efficient use of applied water and for maximizing crop yields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of drip irrigation frequency on soil hydro-physical properties of an Alfisol and performance of two maize varieties, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria. The experiment was laid out using a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications. Irrigation frequency constituted the main plot namely: irrigation four times a week (I4), irrigation thrice a week (I3), and irrigation twice a week (I2) of re-filling soil to field capacity while the subplot was maize variety namely: V1: SAMMAZ-27 and V2: OBA-super-6. Plant growth parameters and soil physical properties of soil water content (SWC), bulk density (BD) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) were monitored during the growing cycle. Water use efficiency (WUE) and yield components were determined at maturity. There were significant interactions between irrigation regime and maize variety on SWC and Ksat. The maximum bulk density (BDmax) and optimum soil water content SWCopt were 1.41 g/cm3 and 0.12 g/g, respectively. Plant height (PH) did not differ between the two maize varieties throughout the growth cycle. Drip irrigation frequency did not significantly affect plant height until growth stage V12 (12 fully opened leaves), with I4 irrigation treatment having the tallest plant. Both drip irrigation and maize variety had no significant influence on both LAI and CC, neither was there any significant interaction effect. Increasing irrigation water increased maize yield and yield components. The treatment combination of I4V1 had the highest performance indices in terms of yield components. WUE decreased with increasing frequency of irrigation water application while the WUE of SAMMAZ-27 > OBA-super-6. Therefore, irrigating four times a week and SAMAZ-27 maize variety could be a suitable irrigation-variety combination for providing sustainable irrigation agriculture for maize in this region.

The effects of different drip irrigation regimes on watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] yield and yield components under semi-arid climatic conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Şimşek ◽  
Murat Kaçıra ◽  
Tahsin Tonkaz
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Semi Arid

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of drip irrigation on yield and yield components of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Crimson Tide F1] under semiarid conditions in the Southeastern Anatolian Project Region, Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, during 2002 and 2003. Using a 4-day irrigation period, 4 different irrigation regimes were applied as ratios of irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE): 1.25 (I125), 1.00 (I100), 0.75 (I75), and 0.50 (I50). Seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc) rates were 720, 677, 554, and 449 mm in the first year and 677, 617, 519, and 417 mm in the second year for irrigation treatments I125, I100, I75, and I50, respectively. Amounts of irrigation water applied to the 4 respective treatments were 764, 642, 520, and 398 mm in 2002 and 709, 591, 473, and 355 mm in 2003. Maximum yield was obtained from I125, with 84.1 t/ha in 2002 and 88.6 t/ha in 2003. Yield was reduced significantly as the irrigation water was reduced. The values of water use efficiency ranged from 9.6 to 11.7 kg/m3 in 2002 and 10.8 to 13.1 kg/m3 in 2003. The unstressed I125 treatment produced 10.1 kg marketable watermelons/m3 irrigation in 2002, and 11.3 kg/m3 in 2003. By comparison, the least irrigated (I50) treatment produced 12.4 kg/m3 in 2002, and 14.9 kg/m3 in 2003. A yield response factor (ky) value of 1.15 was determined based on averages of 2 years, and watermelon was found to be sensitive to water stress. This result showed that yield loss (1 – Ya/Ym) is more important than evapotranspiration deficit (1 – ETa/ETm). The study demonstrates that 1.25 IW/CPE water applications by a drip system in a 4-day irrigation frequency might be optimal for watermelon grown in semi-arid regions similar to those in which the work was conducted.

Soil Physical Properties of Tied Ridges in the Sudan Savannah of Burkina Faso

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Hulugalle ◽  
M. S. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Maize Varieties

SUMMARYThe soil physical properties of tied ridges were measured in a trial, established in 1983, comparing three treatments: handhoe cultivation and planting on the flat; planting directly without any cultivation on tied ridges constructed the previous year; and handhoe cultivation and remoulding of tied ridges constructed the previous year. Two maize varieties and two management levels were used. The soil properties monitored were particle size distribution, penetro-meter resistance in the surface 20 mm, bulk density, water infiltration, soil water retention and soil temperature.Soil physical properties were affected mainly by the type of seedbed. Clay content in the surface 0.05 m was greater with tied ridging, with that in the furrows being higher than that in the ridge slopes. Daily maximum soil temperature was greatest in the flat planted plots and in the ridge slopes of the tied ridged plots. Penetrometer resistance at a soil water content of 0.05 kg kg−1 was greater in the tied ridged plots. Cumulative infiltration after 2 h was greatest with flat planting. The bulk density of ridge slopes in tied ridged plots was less than that in the furrows and in the flat planted plots. Soil water retention was greatest in the furrows of the tied ridged plots. Clay content was the major factor determining all the soil physical properties measured.

scholarly journals ROLE OF COMPOST AND IRRIGATION WATER QUANTITY ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER SURFACE, SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1300-1307
Author(s):  
Al-Shamari & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Properties Of Soil

A field experiment was conducted in Ramadi district - Al-Anbar province during the autumn season of 2018. to study the role of compost (sheep residues) and irrigation levels in some physical properties of soil and water consumption a potato under surface and subsurface drip irrigation system. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in arrangement of a split- split-plot with  three replication were used.The results showed that the addition of 10 Mg.h-1  resulted in a significant decrease in bulk density (BD) values of 1.12 Mg m-3, and increase in the values of (MWD) and (Ks) to reach 1.47 mm and 10.3 cm. hr -1 respectively. The addition of 50% of the NID reduced the BD to 1.24 Mg m-3, The MWD and SHC were significantly higher to reach 1.24 mm and 8.1 cm hr-1 respectively. WHC increased with increasing of amount of irrigation water as it reached the highest value of 265.66 mm season-1 when adding 100% of the NID. The BD values decreased, whereas MWD and SWC increased under subsurface irrigation (SUBDI) treatment to be 1.23 Mg m-3, 1.24 mm and 8.4 cm hr-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Temporary effect of chiseling on the compaction of a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sâmala Glícia Carneiro Silva ◽  
Álvaro Pires da Silva ◽  
Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola ◽  
Cássio Antônio Tormena ◽  
João Carlos de Moraes Sá
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Structural Recovery ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Mechanical chiseling has been used to alleviate the effects of compaction in soils under no-tillage (NT). However, its effect on the soil physical properties does not seem to have a defined duration period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the bulk density (BD) and degree of compaction (DC) at different soil depths, after chiseling in no-tillage, for one year. The experiment was performed in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, using an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox). Bulk density and DC were previously measured in an area under NT for 16 years, then immediately after chiseling (CHI) in May 2009, six months after chiseling (CHI6M) in October 2009 and one year after chiseling (CHI12M) in May 2010. In the layers 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, there was a significant BD reduction CHI and a marked increase CHI6M. The BD values measured CHI12M were similar to those before tillage. Chiseling reduced the DC in the layers 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m, but returned to the initial values one year later. During the evaluation periods CHI, CHI6M and CHI12M, the BD increased in the layer 0.30-0.40 m, compared with NT. The highest DC values were observed six months after chiseling; nevertheless the structural recovery of the soil was considerable, possibly due to the high degree of soil resilience and the influence of the wetting and drying cycles detected in the study period. The chiseling effects, evaluated by BD and DC, lasted less than one year, i.e., the beneficial short-term effects of chiseling on the reduction of the surface BD increased the risk of compaction in deeper soil layers.

Preparation and Performance of β-Sialon/Si3N4 Composite Ceramics for Solar Heat Absorber

2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Wu ◽  
Ya Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Hong Xu ◽  
De Zhi He ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
And Performance

β-Sialon/Si3N4composite ceramic were prepared from starting materials of α-Si3N4, AlN and Al2O3by pressureless sintering. The physical properties, phase composition and microstructure were tested by modern testing technology. The effect of different additives such as Y2O3, La2O3and borax on the sintering temperature and physical properties was studied. The results show that D3 is the best formula, firing shrinkage rate of the sample is 14.14%, water absorption 3.16%, porosity 9.02%, bulk density 2.85g·cm-3and bending strength 193.87MPa after firing at 1580°C. XRD analysis indicates that the main phases of D3 are β-Sialon, β-Si3N4and corundum. SEM analysis shows that the microstructure of D3 sample is quite dense and the pores distribution is uniform, the diameter of the pore is about 1~5μm. β-Sialon/Si3N4composite ceramic has high bulk density, bending strength and fine microstructure, which is a new choice of the heat absorb material for solar thermal power generation system.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON SOME PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Density Values

The current study investigated the effect of water quality (the salinity of the irrigation water) and Tillage system on some soil physical properties. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replicates. wheat was irrigated by three water sources, a  river ,dranege and well waters with electrical conductivities  1.3, 3.5 and 6.9 ds.m-1 respectively and three tillage systems were zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT). After harvest, some soil physical properties were evaluated including: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter. The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.40, 1.44 and 1.47 mg.m-3  for river, derange and well water. while the porosity values were 47.3%, 45.8%  and 43.8%. for river, derange and well water. while the hydraulic conductivity  were 5.13, 4.26 and 4.36 cm.h-1for river , derange and well water. also the result showed that the bulk density values were 1.48, 1.44 and 1.38 mg.m-3 for ZT, CT and DT respectively. while the porosity values were 44.3, 45.7 and 47.8% for ZT, CT and DT respectively. But for the interactions for electrical conductivity with tillage The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.50 mg.m-3  for well water with ZT but decrees value it become 1.34 mg.m-3  for river water with DT. The best type of tillage was conventional tillage as it has the ability to improve properties of soil as well as it helps to reduce.

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

Techniques for Determining the Parameters of a Two-Dimensional Tire Model for the Study of Ride Comfort

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mancosu ◽  
G. Matrascia ◽  
F. Cheli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
And Performance

Abstract A rigid ring model of the tire for the study of in-plane dynamics and a new technique for determining the parameters of the model are presented in this paper. This model can be used for studying the comfort of vehicles, problems of driving, and braking problems in the longitudinal direction. Comparison with finite element models shows that the rigid ring model of the tire is capable of describing the in-plane eigenmode shapes in the frequency range of 0–130 Hz. The well-known “brush model,” integrated into the tire model, is introduced to take into account the slide phenomena in the contact patch. The parameters of the model can be correlated with the physical properties of the tire so that designers can take advantage of such a correlation in the development of new tires in terms of time, cost, and performance. The technique used to determine the parameters of the model for some automobile tires include the direct measurements of some physical properties (mass, moment of inertia, stiffness) and a method of identification applied on the results from a dynamic test. The model is able to predict experimental data in terms of natural frequencies and relative dampings. Results from the application of this technique on two tires are reported.

Growth of Container-grown Plants With and Without Azomite Soil Amendment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492c-492
Author(s):  
Chris Ely ◽  
Mark A. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Water Holding

Azomite is a mined, commercially available, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosiliclate soil amendment reported to act as a source of mineral elements. To determine its effect on plant growth, Dendranthema `Connie' rooted cuttings, Malus seedlings, and Citrus seedlings were grown in containers in one of two growing media: ProMix BX or ProMix BX with Azomite (1:1, v:v). Plant height was monitored weekly and after 6 weeks of growth, fresh and dry plant weights of roots and shoots were determined. There was no difference in any of the parameters measured as a result of the addition of Azomite. Any nutritional influence of the Azomite may only be evident in different conditions, e.g., field soil, or over an extended period of time. The Azomite altered the medium's physical properties and therefore bulk density and water-holding capacity of the Azomite were determined for consideration.

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