scholarly journals Advantages of Grain Legume-Cereal Intercropping in Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560-1566
Author(s):  
Aybegün Ton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Cereal Grain

Sustainable agriculture bases on certain ecological principles in both of crop production and livestocks. Legume-cereal intercropping in sustainable agricultural cropping system is the most applied in the intercropping systems in the World. Legume-cereal intercropping have many benefits such soil conservation, weed control, animal feed and effective land use, greater yield and quality in low-input agricultural system. Land use efficiently is available to evaluate the advantages of intercrop in sustainable agriculture to meet food demand due to increase in population. Amount of N2 fixed by intercropped legume is less compared to mono crop legume due to competition with cereal. However, proportion of total N derived from fixation (Ndfa %) in legume intercropped with cereal was greater than mono crop legume. N-transfer from the legume to neighbouring plant may be possible, but it can be affected by a lot of factors. The principal aim of present study is to define advantages of cereal-grain legume intercrops in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Farmer Awareness and Implementation of Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Different Types of Farms in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8022
Author(s):  
Monika Gebska ◽  
Anna Grontkowska ◽  
Wiesław Swiderek ◽  
Barbara Golebiewska
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common

Sustainability has been an emerging issue for years in the economy and agriculture. Making agriculture sustainable has become so essential that it has become part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). However, producers ultimately decide individually the practices they implement. This is why farmers play a central role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system, which results from farmers’ knowledge and expectations. Although numerous studies address sustainability issues, little is known about farmers’ knowledge and implementation of sustainable practices at different types of farms, especially in central and eastern Europe. This study aimed to determine Polish farmers’ awareness of sustainability with regards to animal and crop production. This paper also shows how farmers value the advantages arising from sustainable production. The study was carried out among 300 farms classified by type (dairy, beef cattle, pork, and crop production). The research instrument used was a questionnaire, with the Likert scale. The results show that dairy farmers and pork farmers declared higher knowledge and better implement sustainable practices than other farmers. The producers’ views on the benefits coming from sustainable agriculture varied. However, the two most significant advantages were recognized—the protection of water against pollution and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE AND EVALUATION OF IMPACT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BIJNOR DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Rashmi Sharma Rawal ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Agricultural Areas

From the beginning of human life, in the gradual development of its culture, various types of enterprises, businesses, economic activities and social development and its basic needs are obtained from the land. The study of the effects on human behavior and human functioning, the distance of the market from agricultural areas, market prices and agricultural production, demand of agricultural areas as well as the capacity of production, land production, density of cropland etc. were the questions that were studied Studies the impacts on agricultural land from a human social point of view. Agriculture is the most important aspect of the rural economy. Agriculture is the backbone of the sustenance and social development of all living communities. Along with the special production method and social ecologies of the area, the agricultural system and farming community, land ownership, availability of resources, size of holdings, agricultural land use along with social change of human environment has also seen changes in the agricultural state. Researchers by evaluating the effects of agricultural land use on social development in their area of ​​study Bijnor district to maintain the quality of land under environmental balance through scientific techniques and green agricultural development for various long term agricultural needs. There is a need and the plains formed from the fertile land by the rivers Ramganga and Kho are important for agricultural land use and crop production..   Hindi: मानव आदिकाल से ही अपनी संस्कृति के क्रमिक विकास में विभिन्न प्रकार के उद्यम, व्यवसायों, आर्थिक क्रियाकलाप एवं सामाजिक विकास तथा अपनी मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति भूमि से प्राप्त करता है। मानव व्यवहार एवं मानवीय कार्य प्रणाली पर होने वाले प्रभावों का अध्ययन कृषि क्षेत्रों से बाजार की दूरी ,बाजार का भाव एवं कृषि उत्पादन, कृषि क्षेत्रों की मॉंग के साथ-साथ उत्पादन क्षमता भूमि उत्पादन की क्षमता फसल भूमि की सघनता आदि ऐसे प्रश्न रहे जिनका अध्ययन मानव सामाजिक दृष्टि कोण से कृषि भूमि पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों का अध्ययन करता है। कृषि ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष है। कृषि समस्त जीव समुदाय का भरण-पोषण एवं सामाजिक विकास की रीढ़ होती है। फसलोत्पादन क्षेत्र विशेष उत्पादन विधि तथा वहाँ की सामाजिक पारिस्थितियों से कृषि व्यवस्था एवं कृषक समुदाय , भूमि स्वामित्व, संसाधनों की उपलब्धता, जोत का आकार, कृषि भूमि उपयोग को मानवीय वातावरण के सामाजिक परिवर्तन के साथ-साथ कृषि प्रदेश मे भी परिवर्तन देखा गया है। शोधार्थी अपने अध्ययन क्षेत्र बिजनौर जनपद में कृषि भूमि उपयोग का सामाजिक विकास पर प्रभावों का मूल्यांकन करके उसके भावी नियोजन की आवश्यकताओं को दीर्घकालीन विभिन्न कृषि भूमि उपयोग के वैज्ञानिक तकनीक एवं हरित कृषि विकास के माध्यम से वातावरण सन्तुलन के अन्तर्गत भूमि की गुणवत्ता को बनाये रखने की आवश्यकता है तथा रामगंगा और खो नदियों के द्वारा उपजाऊ भूमि से निर्मित मैदान कृषि भूमि उपयोग एवं फसल उत्पादन के लिये महत्वपूर्ण है।

An early experiment in the reorganisation of agricultural production in the French Soudan (Mali), 1920–40

Africa ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Early Experiment ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
French Soudan

Water control has long appeared an attractive technological solution to risky farming i n zones dependent on rain-fed cropping systems, especially in semi-arid regions. From the early twentieth century, European technicians and administrators sought to develop irrigated agriculture in African colonies. In the French Soudan the earliest colonial waterworks date back to the 1920s, just outside Bamako, in the vicinity of Baguineda. From Baguineda the French went on to develop a much larger-scale irrigation project north of Segou known as the Office du Niger. This study uses archival documents to show that a new system of crop production was imposed on peasants by the colonial state. Using labour requisitions and in some cases forced resettlement, the colony introduced new crops and technology for rapid intensification, and in so doing organised a new agricultural system oriented primarily towards the market. The Baguineda project began as, and remained, an enclave, spatially distinct from the surrounding dryland grain and pulse cropping system oriented primarily towards lineage reproduction. In common with many subsequent introduced agricultural development projects in Africa, its lack of success was due in part to the conflicting interests of poor peasant workers and powerful foreign promoters.

The concentration of strontium and other minerals in animal feed ingredients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Browning ◽  
A.J. Cowieson
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Cereal Grain

SummaryVariance in macro- and micro-mineral concentration in feed ingredients for farmed livestock contributes to sub-optimal performance and may compromise health and welfare. Although routine quality assurance and quality control procedures in feed mills or integrated poultry or swine businesses may track variance in the concentration of minerals of immediate nutritional importance, such as phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na), micro-minerals such as strontium (Sr) attract less attention. In order to create a framework for further study, the mineral concentration in more than 130 animal feed ingredients commonly used in Australia were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Due to a dearth of information, the principal focus of the survey was Sr, but the concentration of Ca, P, magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), sulphur (S) and Na were analysed concurrently. Generally the minerals present at the highest concentrations in the various feed ingredients examined were Ca, P and Mg. As anticipated, the ingredients with the highest concentrations of Ca and P were inorganic phosphates, limestone and meat and bone meal. The average Ca concentration in limestone was 393 g/kg but a range of 376–415 g/kg was observed which may be nutritionally important. Furthermore, the Mg concentration in limestone ranged from 7–535 mg/kg suggesting some contamination by dolomite lime sources. A total of 24 meat and bone meal samples were included in the analysis and mean Ca and P concentrations were 109 and 54 g/kg respectively. However, the range of Ca and P in meat and bone meal was considerable with Ca concentrations from 51–148 g/kg and P concentrations from 26–66 g/kg. A total of 81 cereal, grain legume and cereal by-product samples were included as part of the survey and these vegetable feed ingredients contained relatively low concentrations of most minerals with Ca, P, Mg and K dominating. The K concentration of soybean meal was found to be around 23 g/kg and ranged from approximately 22–27 g/kg. In comparison, the Sr concentration in the feed ingredients was low relative to other minerals, with limestone having the highest level of strontium at 329 mg/kg. Overall those feed ingredients from a mineral origin had the highest level of Sr. In addition, meat and bone meal had a relatively high concentration of Sr (around 159 mg/kg).

scholarly journals Role of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) in Sustainable Agriculture: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rittwika Mukherjee ◽  
Supatra Sen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Agriculture has an enormous environmental footprint. One of the best ways to mitigate climate change is to create balanced food systems based on sustainable agriculture. To reduce the chemical dependence scientists are engineering crop plants for N 2 fixation and they are focused on the biological process BNF (Biological Nitrogen Fixation) for the needs of N2 for crop plant soils. N2 fixed by the BNF process reduces the production cost, Green House gas (GHG) emissions, pollution of surface and ground water. Several management practices are there which influence BNF process in agricultural system. They are N- fertilization species genotype and cultivar and seeding ratios. Better management practices can help to improve N2 fixation. This review highlights the agro-economic importance of BNF and shows it as a cost effective, non- polluting way to improve the soil fertility and crop production.

Quasi-equilibrium of organic carbon in shrink - swell soils of the subhumid tropics in India under forest, horticulture, and agricultural systems

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Naitam ◽  
T. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Subhumid Tropics

Restoration of soil quality through soil organic carbon (SOC) management has been a major concern for tropical soils. SOC is sensitive to human activities such as deforestation, biomass burning, land-use changes, and environmental pollution. Our aim in this study was to elucidate the effect of land-use systems on quasi-equilibrium values (QEV) of SOC. To determine the QEV of SOC, 4 representative pedons from Nagpur district, Maharashtra, under horticulture (orange), agriculture (cotton, cotton + pigeonpea), and forest (teak) with the time of cultivation ranging from 20 years to centuries were selected. The study indicated that the QEV of SOC in the shrink–swell soils decreased when they were used for agricultural crop production. Since all these soils have similar substrate, the SOC equilibrium values obtained in soils of horticultural and forest ecosystems may also be attainable in the soils under agricultural system. In other words, addition of external sources of farmyard manure or other green manure may raise the QEV of SOC from 0.44–0.51% to 0.70–0.80% in soils of agricultural system.

Grain legume production and their potential for sustainable agriculture in Botswana between 2008 and 2015: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Mashungwa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pulse Crops

Pulse crops are an integral component of arable agriculture in Botswana, particularly in subsistence farming. The benefits of these crops include provision of nutrition for both human beings and livestock, as well as environmental sustainability needs. Although they have a far reaching socio-economic impact, these benefits have not been adequately characterized for inclusion in endeavors of conservation agriculture in the country. Furthermore, data on pulses are often lumped together without identifying important pulse crops grown in Botswana. The objective of this paper was to review production of pulses and their potential as components in cropping systems and conservation agriculture in Botswana. The data used in this study were obtained from reports of Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MOA), Statistics Botswana, FAOSTAT and other literature sources. With the ongoing changes in climate and predicted increase in incidences of drought, pulses are among crops most relevant to sustainable agriculture. They are among the most versatile because of their variability in cropping duration from early to late maturity. Their consumption ranges from fresh forms to physiologically mature grain.  Pulses play an important role in climate change mitigation through their ability to fix nitrogen, thus reducing dependency on organic and synthetic fertilizers. They use less water from relatively shallow soil and allow for stratified soil water use for companion crops in intercropping or conserve soil water for subsequent crops in rotations. Thus pulses improve both water and nutrient use efficiencies when included in cropping systems. Their production also has a low footprint in both carbon and water. Currently, pulses are among the few highly priced crops in Botswana markets and together with the possibility of replacement of imported grain, investments in their production can generate income and improve livelihood of both farmers and consumers in Botswana. Crop production management technology involves judicious use of integrated nutrient, pest and disease management; appropriate integrated management packages that include pulses can be promoted to ensure sustainable crop production under the adverse impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Bedoussac ◽  
Etienne-Pascal Journet ◽  
Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen ◽  
Christophe Naudin ◽  
Guenaelle Corre-Hellou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Cereal Grain

scholarly journals Diversifying European agricultural systems by intercropping

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-186
Author(s):  
Erik S. Jensen ◽  
Iman R. Chongtham ◽  
Nawa R. Dhamala ◽  
Carolina Rodriguez ◽  
Nicolas Carton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Ecological Intensification ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Key Factor

Cropping system diversification is a key factor in developing more sustainable cropping and food systems. The agroecological practice of intercropping, meaning the simultaneous cultivation of two or more species in the same field, has recently gained renewed interest as a means of ecological intensification in European agricultural research. We discuss some recent research developments regarding 1) intercropping for ecological intensification in agroecological and conventional cropping systems, 2) studies on nitrogen resource use by cereal-grain legume intercropping cultivation, 3) the role of intercropping in the management of biotic stressors, especially weeds, and 4) intercropping as a means of creating cropping systems that are more resilient to the abiotic and biotic stress associated with climate change. Finally, we propose methods for the greater adoption of intercropping in European agriculture by unlocking farming systems from upstream and downstream barriers, with the aim of developing more sustainable agricultural and food systems.

LAND USE TYPES AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICTS: A CASE STUDY IN HUONG VINH COMMUNE, HUONG TRA TOWN, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Đức
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Total N ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Total P

This research carried out in Huong Vinh commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province aimed to identify types of land use and soil characteristics. Results showed that five crops are found in Huong Vinh commune including rice, peanut, sweet potato, cassava and vegetable. There are two major soil orders with four soil suborders classified by FAO in Huong Vinh commune including Fluvisols (Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols) and Arenosols (Haplic Arenosols). The results from soil analysis showed that three soil suborders including Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols belonging to Fluvisols were clay loam in texture, low pH, low in OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O. Meanwhile, the Haplic Arenosols was loamy sand in texture, poor capacity to hold OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O

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