The Impact of State Financial Aid on College Participation

In 1999-2000, over 13,000 low-income high school graduates who were eligible for state based financial aid did not receive grant awards because the state of Tennessee had not appropriated sufficient funds for this need based financial aid. The primary purpose for this research was to identify and analyze the college participation decisions of those 13,000 non-recipients of state financial aid in the fall of 1999.

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Re(de)fining College Access and Its Association With Divergent Forms of Financial Aid: A Proposed Conceptual and Analytic Framework

Journal of Hispanic Higher Education ◽

10.1177/1538192719832252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 113-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manuel S. González Canché

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Financial Aid ◽

College Access ◽

High School Graduates ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Analytic Framework ◽

Potential Impact ◽

The Relationship

This manuscript proposes a conceptual framework to reconceptualize college access at the state level, while accounting for the heterogeneous impact different forms of financial aid have on access across sectors and levels. The use of this framework may strengthen our understanding of the relationship between aid and access by accounting for more than one form of financial aid, considering recent and nonrecent high school graduates (NRHGs) and modeling the potential impact of aid on access across sectors.

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The Impact of Education Levels and Paths on Labor Market Outcomes in South Korea: Focusing on Vocational High School Graduates

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3621851 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seonkyung Choi

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Labor Market ◽

South Korea ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Labor Market Outcomes ◽

Vocational High School ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Education Levels ◽

The Impact

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Postsecondary Educational Attainment and Health among Younger U.S. Adults in the “College-for-All” Era

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/23780231211021197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 237802312110211

Author(s):

Anna Zajacova ◽

Elizabeth Lawrence

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Associate Degrees ◽

Bachelor's Degrees ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact ◽

High School Diplomas ◽

Postsecondary Attainment

Population-health research has neglected differentiation within postsecondary educational attainments. This gap is critical to understanding health inequality because college experience with no degree, vocational/technical certificates, and associate degrees may affect health differently. We examine health across detailed postsecondary attainment levels. We analyze data on 14,750 respondents in Waves I and IV of the nationally representative Add Health panel spanning adolescence to ages 26 to 34. Multivariate regression and counterfactual approaches to minimize the impact of confounders estimate multiple health outcomes across postsecondary attainment levels. Compared to high school diplomas, we find significant returns to bachelor’s degrees for most health outcomes and smaller but largely significant returns to associate degrees. In contrast, adults with some college but no degree or with vocational/technical certificates do not have better physical health than high school graduates. Our findings highlight the stark differentiation within higher education as reflected by the disparate health outcomes in early adulthood.

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COVID-19 pandemic impact on dentists in Latin America’s epicenter: São-Paulo, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256092

Author(s):

Tatiane Fernandes Novaes ◽

Maisa Camillo Jordão ◽

Carlos Felipe Bonacina ◽

André Oswaldo Veronezi ◽

Carlos Ariel Rodrigues de Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Low Income ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Financial Impact ◽

São Paulo ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

The Impact

The state of São Paulo, Brazil, where more than 94.000 dentists are currently registered, has become the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentists in this state. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 93.280 dentists with active registration in the Dental Council of São Paulo (CROSP). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through questions related to demographic, socioeconomic, dental practice characteristics and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between all the variables (p<0.05). Over 8 days, 2113 responses were received. Only 26.52% of the sample reported a low-income reduction (from 0–10%), while the majority of dentists reported a more negative financial impact, 35.6% with a reduction of more than 50% of their monthly income. Dentists who worked in the private sector and at the capital had a greater financial impact when compared to those of the public sector and countryside of the state (p<0.05). Furthermore, about 83% reported not having received any specific training to control the transmission of coronavirus in the health area. This study provides evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine of dentists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Hopefully, this study will help dental and other health care professionals to better understand the consequences of disease in dental settings and strengthen preparedness throughout the dental health care system.

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Take Two! SAT Retaking and College Enrollment Gaps

American Economic Journal Economic Policy ◽

10.1257/pol.20170503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 115-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joshua Goodman ◽

Oded Gurantz ◽

Jonathan Smith

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Low Income ◽

College Enrollment ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Causal Effects ◽

Underrepresented Minority ◽

Low Income Students ◽

Sat Scores ◽

Enrollment Rates ◽

Enrollment Gaps

Only half of SAT-takers retake the exam, with even lower retake rates among low-income students and underrepresented minority (URM) students. We exploit discontinuous jumps in retake probabilities at multiples of 100, driven by left-digit bias, to estimate retaking’s causal effects. Retaking substantially improves SAT scores and increases four-year college enrollment rates, particularly for low-income and URM students. Eliminating disparities in retake rates could close up to 10 percent of the income-based gap and up to 7 percent of the race-based gap in four-year college enrollment rates of high school graduates. (JEL I21, I23, I24, J15)

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Improving College Access at Low-Income High Schools? The Impact of GEAR UP Iowa on Postsecondary Enrollment and Persistence

Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis ◽

10.3102/0162373718778133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 399-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Bowman ◽

Sanga Kim ◽

Laura Ingleby ◽

David C. Ford ◽

Christina Sibaouih

Keyword(s):

College Access ◽

Low Income ◽

College Enrollment ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Gear Up ◽

Postsecondary Enrollment ◽

Education Status ◽

K 12 ◽

Undergraduate Programs ◽

The Impact

GEAR UP (Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs) is a federal program designed to promote college access and success for students from low-income backgrounds. Although some literature has examined K–12 outcomes, little research has explored the extent to which GEAR UP achieves its intended postsecondary objectives. The present study used a difference-in-differences design with a sample of 17,605 students to explore the impact of GEAR UP Iowa on college enrollment and persistence. The findings indicate that GEAR UP Iowa promotes the college enrollment of high school graduates by 3 to 4 percentage points, whereas it appears to have no effect on college persistence. Results are similar regardless of students’ socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, sex, and K–12 special education status.

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Older People, Mobility and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of the Research

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11216157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 6157 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mark Gorman ◽

Sion Jones ◽

Jeffrey Turner

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Low Income ◽

Well Being ◽

The State ◽

Small Scale ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Impact ◽

Low And Middle Income

Older populations are rising globally, which in high-income countries has helped to generate a growing literature on the impact of ageing on travel requirements and transport policy. This article aims to provide an initial assessment of the state of knowledge on the impact on transportation policy and usage of the increasing numbers of older people in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs), through a review of the literature relating to older people and transportation. As both the academic and policy/practice-related literature specifically addressing ageing and transport in LAMICs is limited, the study looks beyond transportation to assess the state of knowledge regarding the ways in which older people’s mobility is affected by issues, such as health, well-being, social (dis)engagement and gender. We find significant knowledge gaps, resulting in an evidence base to support the implementation of policy is lacking. Most research in low-income countries (LICs) is either broad quantitative analysis based on national survey data or small-scale qualitative studies. We conclude that, although study of the differing contexts of ageing in LAMICs as they relate to older people’s mobilities and transport use has barely begun, institutions which both make and influence policymaking recognise the existence of significant knowledge gaps. This should provide the context in which research agendas can be established.

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