scholarly journals Effect of Sugar Chain Binding Mode on Water-soluble Micropatterning Performance and Physical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Toru Amano ◽  
Makoto Kobayasi ◽  
Satoshi Takei
Keyword(s):  
Binding Mode ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sugar Chain

Granulated Poultry Litter Ash Acidulation and Physical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235
Author(s):  
Clara R. Millsaps ◽  
Mark S. Reiter ◽  
Brooks M. Whitehurst ◽  
Garnett B. Whitehurst ◽  
Rory O. Maguire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
List Type ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Poultry Litter Ash

HighlightsPhosphoric acid (PA) increased water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) from 0.31 to 47.4 g P kg-1 in poultry litter ash (PLA).Ideal granule size was identified at 29% acidulation (14.5 g acid to 50 g PLA) with granules averaging 3.14 mm.Bulk fertilizer production needed 32% PA addition, and adequate mixing equipment is important for PA efficiency.Granule size and strength were adequate as compared to industry standards and commercial fertilizers.Abstract. Manure-to-energy systems effectively recycle poultry litter (PL) into poultry litter ash (PLA) that densifies and concentrates the phosphorus (P) content by a factor of 4 to 10. However, high conversion temperatures reduce nutrient solubility and produce small particulate materials. To redistribute manure nutrients beyond the original production location by improving the physical and chemical characteristics of PLA, the objectives of this research were to: (1) determine the phosphoric acid (H3PO4) acidifying effect on water-soluble P (WSP), measurable total P (TP), granulation point, and granule size and (2) conduct large-scale granulated poultry litter ash bulk (GPLA-B) granulation to determine the larger-scale formulations and granule physical characteristics produced. We measured bulk density, force and friction resistance, and granule size as compared to industry-standard triple superphosphate (TSP). Acidulation experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications per H3PO4 acidulation percentage. Increasing acidulation percentages from 0% to 50% H3PO4 (laboratory-grade white phosphoric acid) increased measurable TP from 50.63 to 116.90 g kg-1 and WSP from 0.31 to 47.4 g P kg-1 (LSD0.05 10.13 and 2.65 g P kg-1, respectively). Acidulation dose response relationships created simple linear regression equations to predict changes in measurable TP and WSP, pH, and exothermic reaction temperature, which all increased with acidulation. The loose (1.01 g cm-3) and packed (1.03 g cm3) bulk densities of GPLA-B were significantly less than those of TSP (1.14 and 1.30 g cm3, respectively) (LSD0.05 = 0.03 and 0.02 g cm-3). Compared to TSP particles (2.86 mm), GPLA particles (3.73 mm) were significantly larger (LSD0.05 = 0.61 mm); however, the force resistance of GPLA (4.53 kgf) was significantly less than that of TSP (5.95 kgf) (LSD0.05 = 0.61 kgf). Results showed that the physical characteristics of GPLA met industry standards and validated the adaptability of GPLA as an alternative P source. Furthermore, GPLA has higher elemental analysis, greater solubility, and improved form, which addresses the undesirable characteristics of ungranulated PLA and supports the use of GPLA for fertilizer and nutrient distribution. Keywords: Acidulation, Fertilizer, Granulation, Phosphorus, Poultry litter ash.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic and electrochemical study of interactions between DNA and different salts of 1,4-dihydropyridine AV-153

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10061
Author(s):  
Elina Leonova ◽  
Karlis Shvirksts ◽  
Vitalijs Borisovs ◽  
Edgars Smelovs ◽  
Jelizaveta Sokolovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dna Bases ◽  
Spectroscopy Data ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Intercalation Binding ◽  
Phosphate Groups

1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHP) possess important biochemical and pharmacological properties, including antimutagenic and DNA-binding activity. The latter activity was first described for water-soluble 1,4-DHP with carboxylic group in position 4, the sodium salt of the 1,4-DHP derivative AV-153 among others. Some data show the modification of physicochemical properties and biological activities of organic compounds by metal ions that form the salts. We demonstrated the different affinity to DNA and DNA-protecting capacity of AV-153 salts, depending on the salt-forming ion (Na, K, Li, Rb, Ca, Mg). This study aimed to use different approaches to collate data on the DNA-binding mode of AV-153-Na and five other AV-153 salts. All the AV-153 salts in this study quenched the ethidium bromide and DNA complex fluorescence, which points to an intercalation binding mode. For some of them, the intercalation binding was confirmed using cyclic voltammetry and circular dichroism spectroscopy. It was shown that in vitro all AV-153 salts can interact with four DNA bases. The FTIR spectroscopy data showed the interaction of AV-153 salts with both DNA bases and phosphate groups. A preference for base interaction was observed as the AV-153 salts interacted mostly with G and C bases. However, the highest differences were detected in the spectral region assigned to phosphate groups, which might indicate either conformational changes of DNA molecule (B form to A or H form) or partial denaturation of the molecule. According to the UV/VIS spectroscopy data, the salts also interact with the human telomere repeat, both in guanine quadruplex (G4) and single-stranded form; Na and K salts manifested higher affinity to G4, Li and Rb –to single-stranded DNA.

scholarly journals Ointment Formulation and Test Safety from Sapodilla Manila Leaf Extract (Manilkara zapota L.) with Variation of Ointment Base as an Ulcer Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Imas Maesaroh ◽  
Daniar Pratiwi ◽  
Leli Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Ointment Base ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ointment Formulation ◽  
Soluble Base ◽  
Active Substances

Leaf extract of Manilkara zapota L has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a  base on potency test of 50%, where the bacteria are the cause of boils. Some of effort to facilitate the use and increase the activity of active substances, then ointments are prepared on a variety of ointment bases. This study aims to prepared Manilkara zapota L leaf extract into ointment formulations, and chosed the best of ointment base formulations that meets the requirements standards for good ointment preparations. The extract was obtained by maceration using ethanol 96%. Ointments are formulated with four different types of ointment bases, which are hydrocarbon base, absorbing base, water removed bases, and water soluble base. The ointment that has been produced is tested for the physical characteristics such as organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, spreadibility, adhesion, and viscosity had been tested on manufactured ointments. The results of this study indicate that leaf extract of Manilkara zapota L can be formulated into ointment preparations, variations in the ointment base affect the physical characteristics of ointment preparations.Keywords: Ointment, Manilkara zapota L Leaf, Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the pH-dependent binding mode of NAD+by water-soluble molecular clips

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Polkowska ◽  
Frank Bastkowski ◽  
Thomas Schrader ◽  
Frank-Gerrit Klärner ◽  
Jan Zienau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Molecular Clips

scholarly journals A novel chlorophyll-binding mode of water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP)

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (a1) ◽  
pp. c269-c270
Author(s):  
D. Horigome ◽  
H. Hara ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
A. Nakagawa ◽  
A. Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Binding Mode ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nano-Patterning Performance of Water-Soluble Material for Photoresist Using Sugar Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Toru Amano ◽  
Daiki Hirata ◽  
Yumi Hasegawa ◽  
Satoshi Takei
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sugar Chain ◽  
Soluble Material ◽  
Nano Patterning

Thermodynamics of interaction of meso-tetra-(4N-oxyethylpyridyl) porphyrin and its Cu(II)- and Co(II)- containing derivatives with A and B forms of DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 731-738
Author(s):  
Ani A. Avetisyan ◽  
Ishkhan V. Vardanyan ◽  
Yeva B. Dalyan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Binding Constant ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Binding Mechanism ◽  
Groove Binding ◽  
Low Ionic Strength ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Groove Binding Mode

The interaction of water soluble meso-tetra-(4N-oxyethylpyridyl) porphyrin (TOEPyP4) and its Cu(II)- and Co(II)-containing derivatives (CuTOEPyP4 and CoTOEPyP4) with A and B forms of DNA at low ionic strength was studied via UV-vis spectrophotometry and Circular Dichroism. It is shown that the binding constant of TOEPyP4 and CuTOEPyP4 with A–DNA is two times larger than with B–DNA, and the binding constant of CoTOEPyP4 does not depend on the form of DNA. The thermodynamical analysis based on spectral data indicates the preferable entropic character of porphyrins binding with both forms of DNA. This result shows that at low ionic strength the external groove binding mode is a preferred binding mechanism of these porphyrins with both forms of DNA.

scholarly journals Review of Constituents and Biological Activities of Triterpene Saponins from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Its Solubilization Characteristics

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3904
Author(s):  
Feifei Li ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Qianwen Wu ◽  
Zhiyong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Triterpene Saponins ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Sugar Chain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Glycyrrhizae Radix ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Development And Utilization

Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is regarded as one of the most popular and commonly used herbal medicines and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for over 2000 years. Pentacyclic triterpene saponins are common secondary metabolites in these plants, which are synthesized via the isoprenoid pathway to produce a hydrophobic triterpenoid aglycone containing a hydrophilic sugar chain. This paper systematically summarizes the chemical structures of triterpene saponins in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and reviews and updates their main biological activities studies. Furthermore, the solubilization characteristics, influences, and mechanisms of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are elaborated. Solubilization of the triterpene saponins from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma occurs because they contain the nonpolar sapogenin and water-soluble sidechain. The possible factors affecting the solubilization of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are mainly other crude drugs and the pH of the decoction. Triterpene saponins represented by glycyrrhizin from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma characteristically form micelles due to amphiphilicity, which makes solubilization possible. This overview provides guidance regarding a better understanding of GlycyrrhizaeRadix et Rhizoma and its TCM compatibility, alongside a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

scholarly journals Processing and physicochemical characterization of a water-soluble extract based on Pará nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and baru nut (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e163984848
Author(s):  
Kamilla Soares Silva ◽  
André Luis Borges Machado ◽  
Flávio Alves da Silva ◽  
Cláudio Fernandes Cardoso ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

Despite the nutritional and functional qualities of Pará nut  (Bertholletia excelsa) and of Baru nut (Dipteryx alata Vogel), the industrial exploitation of these two nuts is still scarce. With this, the elaboration of a water-soluble extract based on Pará and Baru nuts could be consider an alternative for the consumption of foods based on these vegetables, both little used industrially. Thus, by way of a simplex centroid experimental mixture design, this study aimed to elaborate water-soluble vegetable extracts based on Pará and Baru nuts. This study allowed evaluate the behavior of the physicochemical and physical characteristics of the processed vegetable extracts. The special cubic model obtained the best fit for the response variables, both for the physicochemical characterizations of moisture, lipid, protein, ash, carbohydrate, pH value and acidity, and for the physical characteristics of luminosity, chroma and hue angle. The results obtained showed that the model is highly predictive (all R2 > 97%). The water content directly influenced the nutritional aspects of the water-soluble extracts, where a decrease in the proportion of water in the mixture provided greater content of proximate composition. The behavior of the color parameter predicted by the model showed that variations in the proportions of the nuts concentrations changes the behavior of the luminosity indexes. The pH had higher values when there was an increase in the concentration of Pará nuts, while an increase in the proportion of baru nuts decreased the acidity of the water-soluble extract.   The mathematical models used allow to evaluate the effects of the interactions between variables and responses, highlighting their applicability in the food industry.

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