scholarly journals LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION PREDICTION OF RIVER BALOGUN USING CONSTANT DISTANCE AND TIME APPROACH AT DIFFERENT SAMPLING TIME INTERVALS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
IMOKHAI T. TENEBE ◽  
OGBIYE A. SAMUEL ◽  
DAVID O. OMOLE ◽  
PRAISEGOD C. EMENIKE ◽  
IREWOLE B. ONIEMAYIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Time ◽  
Longitudinal Dispersion ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Constant Distance

scholarly journals Curve fitting the hydrodynamic and dispersion characteristics of pollutant released in an inland water system

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 038-046
Author(s):  
Baridakara Nwidadah ◽  
Olalekan Michael Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Water System ◽  
Tracer Experiment ◽  
Longitudinal Dispersion ◽  
Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Discrepancy Ratio ◽  
Distance Variable

The research study was performed by estimating the longitudinal dispersion coefficient for Dor Nwezor section of Bodo-Bonny River and conducting a tracer experiment using the constant distance variable time method. Eleven empirical models for the prediction of longitudinal dispersion coefficients were considered and analyzed using the hydraulic and geometric parameters of the river. The empirical and experimental results were analysed and compared statistically with Deng et al model yielded the most reliable method of predicting the longitudinal coefficient of dispersion of Dor Nwezor section of Bodo-Bonny River with the least root mean square value of 0.1221, mean absolute value of 0.0617 close to zero and discrepancy ratio of -0.2303 that falls within the accepted accuracy range of -0.3 to 0.3.

scholarly journals An entropy approach for evaluating the maximum information content achievable by an urban rainfall network

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2075-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ridolfi ◽  
V. Montesarchio ◽  
F. Russo ◽  
F. Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Empirical Curve

Abstract. Hydrological models are the basis of operational flood-forecasting systems. The accuracy of these models is strongly dependent on the quality and quantity of the input information represented by rainfall height. Finer space-time rainfall resolution results in more accurate hazard forecasting. In this framework, an optimum raingauge network is essential in predicting flood events. This paper develops an entropy-based approach to evaluate the maximum information content achievable by a rainfall network for different sampling time intervals. The procedure is based on the determination of the coefficients of transferred and nontransferred information and on the relative isoinformation contours. The nontransferred information value achieved by the whole network is strictly dependent on the sampling time intervals considered. An empirical curve is defined, to assess the objective of the research: the nontransferred information value is plotted versus the associated sampling time on a semi-log scale. The curve has a linear trend. In this paper, the methodology is applied to the high-density raingauge network of the urban area of Rome.

scholarly journals Global Robust Exponential Synchronization of Multiple Uncertain Neural Networks Subject to Event-Triggered Strategy

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-E Zhang ◽  
Huan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Parameter Uncertainty ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Exponential Synchronization ◽  
Matrix Inequality ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Laplace Matrix ◽  
Multiple Neural Networks ◽  
Inequality Techniques ◽  
Event Triggered

This paper proposes the event-triggered strategy (ETS) for multiple neural networks (NNs) with parameter uncertainty and time delay. By establishing event-triggered mechanism and using matrix inequality techniques, several sufficient criteria are obtained to ensure global robust exponential synchronization of coupling NNs. In particular, the coupling matrix need not be the Laplace matrix in this paper. In addition, the lower bounds of sampling time intervals are also found by the established event-triggered mechanism. Eventually, three numerical examples are offered to illustrate the obtained results.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Broiler Activity Index as Affected by Sampling Time Interval

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
George T. Tabler
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Commercial Housing ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Top View ◽  
Sampling Time Interval

Different time intervals between consecutive images have been used to determine broiler activity index (AI). However, the accuracy of broiler AI as affected by sampling time interval remains to be explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the sampling time interval (0.04, 0.2, 1, 10, 60, and 300 s) on the accuracy of broiler AI at different bird ages (1–7 weeks), locations (feeder, drinker, and open areas) and times of day (06:00–07:00 h, 12:00–13:00 h, and 18:00–19:00 h). A ceiling-mounted camera was used to capture top-view videos for broiler AI calculations. The results show that the sampling time interval of 0.04 s yielded the highest broiler AI because more bird motion details were captured at this short time interval. The broiler AIs at longer time intervals were 1–99% of that determined at the 0.04-s interval. The broiler AI at 0.2-s interval showed an acceptable accuracy with 80% less computational resources. Broiler AI decreased as birds aged but increased after week 4 at the drinker area. Broiler AI was the highest at the open area for weeks 1–4 and at the feeder and drinker areas for weeks 5–7. It is concluded that the accuracy of broiler AI was significantly affected by sampling time intervals. Broiler AI in commercial housing showed both temporal and spatial variations.

Effects of Composted Sewage Sludge on the Enzyme Activities in the Aeolian Sandy Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3341-3344
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yan Li Yi ◽  
Feng De Tang ◽  
Xiang Rui Pang ◽  
Zhong Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of composted sewage sludge’s application on the dynamics change of enzyme activities in aeolian sandy soil. The composted sewage sludge was applied to the soil at 0,2,5,10,15,20 and 25 t·ha-1 respectively. The effects of various sewage sludge dosages on the soil’s enzyme activities were evaluated by measuring urease,sucrase,neutral phosphatase and catalase at different time intervals of 15,50,80,110 and 150 days after the addition of sewage sludge to the soil.The results showed that the urease,sucrase,neutral phosphatase and catalase activities increased to varying degrees as the sewage sludge dosages added to the soil increased. And the four enzyme activities were affected by the sampling time significantly,the urease and sucrase activities reached their maximum values in 50 days,and neutral phosphatase and catalase activities reached their maximum values in 80 days.The results also showed that the application of sewage sludge had positive effects on improving the aeolian sandy soil’s fertility.

scholarly journals Recommendations of Optimal Sampling Rates for Periodic Output Feedback Based Discrete Mode PSS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra Bhadu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Output Feedback ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Optimal Sampling ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Discrete Mode ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Optimal Sampling Time

In this paper, an attempt is made to recommend the optimal sampling time period for Periodic Output Feedback (POF) based discrete mode power system stabilizer (DPSS). Various collection of input and output sampling time interval has been used in the designing of POF based DPSS. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to obtain the optimal gain matrix of the POF controller as well as the optimal sampling time intervals. The effectiveness of POF based DPSS over continuous mode lead-lag PSS is certified using small-signal stability studies. The parameters of lead-lag type continuous mode PSS is also tuned using the PSO technique. The PSS is designed using POF technique for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, considering a variety of sampling time intervals at input-output port. Finally, a trial is made to propose an optimum input and output sampling time period for SMIB test power system, through simulation studies.

Survival of BPV and Aujeszky's disease viruses in meat wastes subjected to different sanitization processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Paluszak ◽  
A. Lipowski ◽  
A. Ligocka
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
Aujeszky's Disease ◽  
Aujeszky’S Disease ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Bovine Parvovirus ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentations ◽  
Twofold Decrease

Survival of BPV and Aujeszky's disease viruses in meat wastes subjected to different sanitization processesThe effect of composting and anaerobic fermentations under meso- and thermophylic conditions (37° and 55°C) on the survival of bovine parvovirus (BPV) and Aujeszky's disease viruse (ADV) in meat wastes has been examined in this study. Viruses were adsorbed on filters and introduced into carriers which were made of meat fragments of different sizes and bones or in the form of suspension they were introduced into the biomass in the course of processes of waste treatment. Carriers were removed at appropriate time intervals and virus titres were determined. The thermoresistant parvovirus survived for the longest time during mesophylic fermentation (almost 70 days), slightly shorter during composting (7-9.5 days depending on the type of carrier) and for the shortest time - at 55°C (46-76 hours). Its inactivation rate was the fastest in a suspension, slower in meat and bone carriers. ADV inactivation proceeded considerably faster, as compared with BPV. Its active particles were not detected as early as in the 30thminute of thermophylic fermentation, the 6thhour of mesophylic fermentation and at the first sampling time during composting (at the 72ndhour). Total survival time ranged from 50 min to 13 hours. All the tested technologies enabled the effective elimination of ADV and on average twofold decrease in BPV titre. From the study conducted it follows that of both viruses, the BPV should be applied for validation processes of methods used in meat waste processing, particularly if this refers to methods where higher temperature is the factor inactivating pathogens.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

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