scholarly journals Inmigración, federalismo y reglamentación local en Estados Unidos

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Level ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
National Debate ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
Immigration Debate

<p align="justify">En las últimas décadas, muchos gobiernos locales, la mayoría de ciudades y pueblos han entrado en el debate nacional sobre la inmigración. Como era de esperar, la actitud que se ve al nivel local refleja el debate nacional, con una gran variedad entre una política muy favorable para la incorporación de los inmigrantes y por otro lado, una política con mucho antagonismo hacia ellos. Con el aumento de interés en cuanto a las leyes locales, se añade otro nivel de política a la inmigración. Ahora no solamente hay que entender los poderes, mandatos y leyes de los gobiernos estatales y federal, sino también las leyes, poderes, mandatos y prohibiciones de los gobiernos locales. Tanto puede ser una ciudad o pueblo como un country (condado/municipio) donde se ve legislación que se dirige a los inmigrantes o refleja una política hacia ellos. En este artículo analizo el estatus legal de los gobiernos municipales en cuanto al tema de la inmigración y en cuanto a la relación legal que tienen los gobiernos municipales con su estado y con el gobierno federal. <strong>In recent decades, many local governments (mostly cities and towns) have entered the national debate on immigration. As was to be expected, the local governments’ stance vis a vis immigrants and immigration reflects the national debate. Local policies and legislation ranges from those that are friendly to immigrants, trying to facilitate their integration into the larger society, to those that are overtly hostile to the newly ar-rived. As local government legislative activity increases, another level of politics and political structure is layered onto the immigration debate. In addition to the well-established state and federal interest, regulation, and mandates involving immigration, local laws now come into play as well. At the local level, both city and county governments have begun to adopt legislation targeting immigrants. In this article, I analyze the legal status of these local actions and evaluate the legal relationship between and among local, state, and federal government that informs the legality of these local initiatives.</strong></p>

Electronic Democracy at the American Grassroots

2011 ◽  
pp. 185-199
Author(s):  
Donald F. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Electronic Democracy ◽  
The U.S

In this paper, I examine the delivery of electronic democracy (e-democracy) by U.S. local governments through their e-government activities. In particular, I examine three issues related to local e-democracy through data from focus groups with officials from 37 municipal and county governments across the U.S. The issues are: (1) why local governments decided to adopt e-government, and whether e-democracy was among the reasons for its adoption; (2) whether e-government has produced or affected local e-democracy; and (3) what plans, if any, local governments have with respect to e-democracy in coming years. My principal findings are that e-government at the local level was adopted principally to deliver governmental information and services and to provide citizen access to governmental officials; that e-government does not operate in a manner that either produces or impacts local e-democracy (at least as the term is broadly defined herein); and that e-democracy is not on the radar screens of most American local governments for future deployment.

Electronic Democracy at the American Grassroots

2007 ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Electronic Democracy ◽  
The U.S

In this chapter, I examine the delivery of electronic democracy (e-democracy) by U.S. local governments through their e-government activities. In particular, I examine three issues related to local e-democracy through data from focus groups with officials from 37 municipal and county governments across the U.S. The issues are: (1) why local governments decided to adopt e-government, and whether e-democracy was among the reasons for its adoption; (2) whether e-government has produced or affected local e-democracy; and (3) what plans, if any, local governments have with respect to e-democracy in coming years. My principal findings are that e-government at the local level was adopted principally to deliver governmental information and services and to provide citizen access to governmental officials; that e-government does not operate in a manner that either produces or impacts local e-democracy (at least as the term is broadly defined herein); and that e-democracy is not on the radar screens of most American local governments for future deployment.

scholarly journals Investing During the Recession: How County Governments Utilized Idle Cash

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Steve Modlin
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Money Market Funds ◽  
North And South

This article examines the investing practices of North and South Carolina county governments during the recession. Unlike many local governments across the country, county governments in both states reported that there were indeed funds available for investing at any given time. Initial findings indicate that investors were concerned for safety and liquidity as the local government investment pool (LGIP) for both states along with certificates of deposit (CDs) were the preferred instruments. Regression models of the four most widely used instruments were analyzed. Findings indicate lower property tax collections and an external primary bank of business were associated with higher LGIP investment; whereas, a significant relationship was also found between those with less experience and official educational background other than accounting and an increase in money market funds and federal government securities.

scholarly journals Can Top Down Participatory Budgeting Work? The Case of Polish Community Fund

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Sześciło ◽  
Bartosz Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Legislative Model

The article addresses the participatory budgeting (PB), which is one of the most recognised governance innovations of recent decades. This global phenomenon represents in practice a shift towards participatory and collaborative management of public resources at the local level. The purpose of this article is to determine when top down approach to PB might be welcomed, taking into account the characteristics of PB schemes all around the world that they emerged as local initiatives, instigated either by civil society groups or local governments. The analysis is based on the description of the PB example as introduced via country-wide legislation, exhaustively regulating PB procedure. The article examines Polish experience in the field of functioning top down approach to PB. It demonstrates that top down PB can effectively work, if it is accompanied with significant incentives and grants, as well as the extensive autonomy and flexibility of local communities. Polish experience suggests that such an initiative might be relatively successful, yet there is a number of conditions that has to be met in order to ensure the dissemination of legislative model of participatory budgeting. The results have practical implications to central government institutions that consider introduction of some legislative framework for participatory budgeting at the local level. The originality of the research is in the analysis of one of successful stories of the PB introduced via country-wide legislation, and determining when this approach can work, also in other countries.

scholarly journals La autonomía local en Alemania a los dos siglos de su nacimiento

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricard Gracia Retortillo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
German Federal State

<p align="justify">Este artículo analiza la posición jurídico-institucional de los gobiernos locales en la actual República Federal de Alemania. Al hilo de la reciente conmemoración del bicentenario del nacimiento de la autonomía local en Alemania, se actualizan las posiciones doctrinales y jurisprudenciales mayoritarias que configuran hoy el marco constitucional del gobierno local en el Estado federal alemán. Para ello, se estudia el alcance con el que la recientemente modificada Constitución Federal y las de los respectivos Länder garantizan los principios democrático y de autonomía en el nivel local. A su vez, se presta atención a la especial vinculación que, como resultado de la concepción federal del Estado, tienen los gobiernos locales con los Länder, encargados en exclusiva de la configuración legal de su régimen jurídico, de su control administrativo y de su dotación financiera. En conclusión, se pone de relieve como dicho marco federal resulta a la vez límite y fomento para la diversidad normativa a la que se halla sometida la configuración jurídica del gobierno local en la Alemania actual.</p> <p align="justify"><b>This article analyzes the institutional and legal position of local governments in the Federal Republic of Germany. In line with the recent commemoration of the bicentennial of the birth of local autonomy in Germany, the article updates doctrinal and jurisprudential positions that make up today the constitutional framework of local government in the German federal State. To this end, the article studies how the recently amended Federal Constitution and the respective Länder’s Constitutions guarantee principles of democracy and autonomy at the local level of government. It also pays attention to the special relationship, which, as a result of the state’s federal conception, local entities have with the Länder, who are responsible for the exclusive configuration of its legal status, for its administrative control and its funding. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that the federal system is both limit and promotion for the legal diversity, which characterizes the current legal configuration of local government in Germany.</p>

scholarly journals Australian local governments and the early national broadband network roll-out: an online survey

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Tooran Alizadeh ◽  
Heather Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Level ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Early National ◽  
Broadband Network ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Roll Out

A recent decision by the Australian Federal Government to reassess the scale of the National Broadband Network (NBN) will leave the country with a patchwork of different levels of access to the infrastructure. This intensifies the need to investigate and evaluate the implications of telecommunication at the local level. The paper opens a discussion on the different approaches taken by local government authorities towards the NBN in the early roll-out localities. Building upon the international literature, it analyses the empirical data collected from the Australian local governments involved with the early NBN roll-out using an online survey. The findings reveal an interesting diversity in the approaches taken at the local level, and show how decision-making at higher levels of government can impact local outcomes.

Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

Ensuring the security of critical information infrastructure: the powers of the federal government bodies of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilia Pavlovich Mikhnev ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Mikhneva
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Computer Attacks ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses the competences and powers of the state authorities of the Russian Federation within their legal status in the field of ensuring the security of critical information infrastructure. Some functions and authorities in the field of information security have changed in a number of federal executive bodies. In particular, the Federal Security Service, on the basis of a presidential decree, is authorized to create a state system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks on information resources of the Russian Federation. However, not all rights and obligations are enshrined; a number of powers cause the duality of the legal status of certain federal bodies of state power. The clarity and unambiguity of securing the rights and obligations of state bodies authorized in the field of information security are guarantees for effectively ensuring the security of important information infrastructure facilities.

Incentives for the development of industrial parks (on the example of the border regions of Poland)

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Kalat
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Spatial Policy

In the search for efficient decisions directed at the stimulation of regional development and improvement of regions’ innovativeness and investment attractiveness, the EU regions have long ago started paying attention to local communities. In particular, Polish local governments are granted an opportunity to conduct an active spatial policy of investment attraction using various instruments. In this context, the industrial parks play an important role among the created institutes of the business environment, because they create advantages for local communities and businesses. In particular, they promote investment attraction, entrepreneurship activation, employment and jobs increase, material cost minimization, etc. At the same time, the development of entrepreneurship environment institutes requires support at national, regional, and local levels. The development will be almost impossible without the creation of proper legal, political, economic, and social conditions for their activity. The paper aims to define major stimuli of industrial park development based on the Polish experience, the economic structure of which is similar to the Ukrainian one. This will contribute to the development of the ways to boost industrial park development in Ukraine, especially in the border areas. For the matter, the author outlines the major instruments used by Polish local communities to boost investment and entrepreneurship activity in the framework of industrial park development. The scientific paper emphasizes the analysis of legislation on creation, functioning, and support of Polish industrial park development, and further perspectives of their activity. Special attention is paid to general characteristics of the condition of industrial parks located in Polish border regions. The advantages of each of them are determined and examples of their creation and development are given. The research resulted in the allocation of two groups of stimuli of industrial parks development which are the precondition, according to the author, of industrial parks becoming the instrument of investment attraction, economic boost of the territories, and entrepreneurship activity growth: the stimuli of development of industrial parks’ organizational structure (public financial assistance; information and advisory support; grans of European funds; international cooperation / partnership; independent spatial policy at the local level) and the stimuli of entrepreneurship development in industrial parks (infrastructure (physical and soft); public financial assistance; tax incentives; investment grants; financial loans).

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