The Impact of Pathological Changes in the Intestinal Microbiocenosis on the Appearance or Intensification of Negative Behavior in Children with ASD

BACKGROUND Lifestyle diseases are the primary cause of death worldwide. The gradual growth of negative behavior in humans due to physical inactivity, unhealthy habit, and improper nutrition expedites lifestyle diseases. In this study, we develop a mathematical model to analyze the impact of regular physical activity, healthy habits, and a proper diet on weight change, targeting obesity as a case study. Followed by, we design an algorithm for the verification of the proposed mathematical model with simulated data of artificial participants. OBJECTIVE This study intends to analyze the effect of healthy behavior (physical activity, healthy habits, and proper dietary pattern) on weight change with a proposed mathematical model and its verification with an algorithm where personalized habits are designed to change dynamically based on the rule. METHODS We developed a weight-change mathematical model as a function of activity, habit, and nutrition with the first law of thermodynamics, basal metabolic rate (BMR), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and body-mass-index (BMI) to establish a relationship between health behavior and weight change. Followed by, we verified the model with simulated data. RESULTS The proposed provable mathematical model showed a strong relationship between health behavior and weight change. We verified the mathematical model with the proposed algorithm using simulated data following the necessary constraints. The adoption of BMR and TDEE calculation following Harris-Benedict’s equation has increased the model's accuracy under defined settings. CONCLUSIONS This study helped us understand the impact of healthy behavior on obesity and overweight with numeric implications and the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle abstaining from negative behavior change.

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Powerful Effects of Diagnostic Information on Automatic and Self-Reported Evaluation: The Moderating Role of Memory Recall

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/01461672211007290 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014616722110072

Author(s):

Pieter Van Dessel ◽

Jeremy Cone ◽

Anne Gast

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Information ◽

Memory Recall ◽

Negative Behavior ◽

Indirect Measures ◽

Affect Misattribution Procedure ◽

Elaborative Rehearsal ◽

The Impact ◽

Moderating Role

We sometimes learn about certain behaviors of others that we consider diagnostic of their character (e.g., that they did immoral things). Recent research has shown that such information trumps the impact of other (less diagnostic) information both on self-reported evaluations and on more automatic evaluations as probed with indirect measures such as the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP). We examined whether facilitating memory recall of alternative information moderates the impact of diagnostic information on evaluation. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants learned one diagnostic positive and one diagnostic negative behavior of two unfamiliar people. Presenting a cue semantically related to this information during evaluation influenced AMP scores but not self-reported liking scores. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that elaborative rehearsal of low diagnostic information eliminated diagnosticity effects on AMP scores and reduced them on self-reported liking scores. These findings help elucidate the role of memory recall and diagnosticity in evaluation.

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Review of Cognitive Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Performance on Six Subtests on Four Versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-021-04932-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mizuho Takayanagi ◽

Yoko Kawasaki ◽

Mieko Shinomiya ◽

Hoshino Hiroshi ◽

Satoshi Okada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Block Design ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Cognitive Characteristics ◽

Children With Asd ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis study was a systematic review of research using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to examine cognitive characteristics of children with ASD beyond the impact of revisions based on WISC and diagnostic criteria changes. The classic “islets of ability” was found in individuals with full-scale IQs < 100. The “right-descending profiles” were observed among high IQ score individuals. High levels on the Block Design and low Coding levels were consistently found regardless of the variation in intellectual functioning or diagnosis. This review identified patterns of cognitive characteristics in ASD individuals using empirical data that researchers may have previously been aware of, based on their experiences, owing to the increased prevalence of ASD.

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Intestinal Microbiota and Allergy. Probiotics and Prebiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Diseases

Педиатрическая фармакология ◽

10.15690/pf.v16i1.1999 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 7-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Svetlana G. Makarova ◽

Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽

Oksana A. Ereshko ◽

Dmitry S. Yasakov ◽

Pavel E. Sadchikov

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Results ◽

Intestinal Microbiocenosis

Intestinal microbiota is the factor that identifies considerably the human health. The impact of the microbial factor on a child begins long before his birth. Children have certain features in forming of immune response and intestinal microbiocenosis even before birth. Decline in diversity of intestinal microbiota is common in children with allergic disease even during first months of life, before allergic pathology development. Capabilities for microbiota development adjustment are sufficiently restricted. However it is clinically proven that early (within the first hours of life) breastfeeding attachment, breastfeeding itself within at least first 6 months of life, the use of prebiotics in milk formulas as well as the use of probiotics can give positive results on allergy management. In this review we present results of recent metaanalyses and consensus papers of international medical communities about use of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Despite great scientific and practical interest to this topic, authors of metaanalyses bring our attention to the lack of evidence-based clinical trials.

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Griefing in a Virtual Community

Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.214 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 217 (4) ◽

pp. 214-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Iain Coyne ◽

Thomas Chesney ◽

Brian Logan ◽

Neil Madden

Keyword(s):

Second Life ◽

Online Community ◽

Online Survey ◽

Real Life ◽

Virtual Community ◽

Cyber Bullying ◽

Shared Responsibility ◽

Negative Behavior ◽

Traditional Bullying ◽

The Impact

Building on the research of Chesney, Coyne, Logan, and Madden (2009), this paper examines griefing within the virtual online community of Second Life via an online survey of 86 residents (46% men). Results suggested that griefing was deemed to be an unacceptable, persistent negative behavior which disrupted enjoyment of the environment and which was experienced by 95% of the sample, with 38% classified as frequent victims and 20% classified as perpetrators. No differences emerged in rates between gender (real life and second life), age, and time as a resident in Second Life. A number of self, player- and game-influenced motivations were judged to promote griefing, with respondents overall split on the impact of griefing when compared to traditional bullying. Further, respondents felt that a shared responsibility to control griefing was needed with individuals, residents as a community, and Second Life developers all playing a part. Discussion of the findings in relation to cyber-bullying in general is presented.

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The impact of pressure overload on coronary vascular changes following myocardial infarction in rats

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00793.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (5) ◽

pp. H719-H728 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jiqiu Chen ◽

Artiom Petrov ◽

Elisa Yaniz-Galende ◽

Lifan Liang ◽

Hans J. de Haas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Pulmonary Edema ◽

Heart Function ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Pressure Overload ◽

Coronary Artery Ligation ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Atrial Thrombus ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of pressure overload on vascular changes after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. To evaluate the effect of pressure overload, MI was induced in three groups: 1) left coronary artery ligation for 1 mo (MI-1m), 2) ischemia 30 min/reperfusion for 1 mo (I/R-1m), and 3) ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was performed after pressure overload induced by aortic banding for 2 mo; 1 mo post-I/R, aortic constriction was released (Ab+I/R+DeAb). Heart function was assessed by echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamics. Resin casting and three-dimensional imaging with microcomputed tomography were used to characterize changes in coronary vasculature. TTC (triphenyltetrazohum chloride) staining and Masson's Trichrome were conducted in parallel experiments. In normal rats, MI induced by I/R and permanent occlusion was transmural or subendocardial. Occluded arterial branches vanished in MI-1m rats. A short residual tail was retained, distal to the occluded site in the ischemic area in I/R-1m hearts. Vascular pathological changes in transmural MI mostly occurred in ischemic areas and remote vasculature remained normal. In pressure overloaded rats, I/R injury induced a sub-MI in which ischemia was transmural, but myocardium in the involved area had survived. The ischemic arterial branches were preserved even though the capillaries were significantly diminished and the pathological changes were extended to remote areas, characterized by fibrosis, atrial thrombus, and pulmonary edema in the Ab+I/R+DeAb group. Pressure overload could increase vascular tolerance to I/R injury, but also trigger severe global ventricular fibrosis and results in atrial thrombus and pulmonary edema.

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Dietary Patterns and Weight Status in Italian Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4039

Author(s):

Benedetta Raspini ◽

Margherita Prosperi ◽

Letizia Guiducci ◽

Elisa Santocchi ◽

Raffaella Tancredi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Weight Status ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Food Selectivity ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Atypical eating habits are more common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than typically developing (TD) peers. Feeding problems may lead to the double burden of specific nutrient deficiencies and excessive weight gain, with a consequent increase in obesity prevalence. The dietary intake of Italian preschoolers with ASD compared to their TD peers and the impact of their dietary choices on their weight status and relationship to food selectivity (FS) were investigated. Dietary patterns and their associations with body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in 65 children with ASD and 82 peers with TD aged 1.3–6.4 years. Eating habits were assessed with a modified version of a parent-rated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Moreover, the prevalence of FS and possible links with dietary patterns and BMI were investigated in the ASD group. Children with ASD consumed significantly higher amounts of simple sugars, processed and ultra-processed carbohydrates, both low- and high-fat animal proteins, and lower amounts of vegetables and fruits compared to peers with TD. The obesity rate was 1.5% in children with TD and more than fourfold (6.2%) in children with ASD, although the difference between groups was not statistically significant. FS was significantly more frequent in children with ASD than in peers with TD. Children with ASD and FS showed significantly lower annual intakes of vegetable proteins and fiber (considered essential nutrients for a healthy diet) than children with ASD without FS. Our results showed that children with ASD showed different dietary habits than those with TD, with the higher consumption of energy-dense foods and lower amounts of food-sourced fibers, which could place them at increased risk to develop overweight, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies later in life.

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The Use of Information Communication Technologies Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Descriptive Qualitative Study

JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting ◽

10.2196/12176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. e12176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theoneste Ntalindwa ◽

Tanjir Rashid Soron ◽

Mathias Nduwingoma ◽

Evariste Karangwa ◽

Rebecca White

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Low Cost ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Assistive Technologies ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Patterns Of Use ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Impact

Background The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) appears to be increasing globally due to the complex interaction of multiple biopsychosocial and environmental factors. Mobile phones, tablets, and other electronic gadgets have transformed our means of communication, and have also changed both healthcare and how we learn. These technological enhancements may have a positive impact on the lives of children, but there is currently a global scarcity of information on how information technology influences the education of children with ASD. Objective This study was conducted in Rwandan schools and communities, and aimed to understand the perceptions of students with ASD, their parents, and their teachers, on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the education of those with ASD. Methods This qualitative descriptive study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018. Researchers conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 54 participants from different backgrounds: teachers, parents, and students with ASD. Each of the FGDs took approximately two and a half hours. A predefined set of open-ended questions were selected to discover people’s perceptions regarding assistive technologies used in ASD, their effectiveness, the scope of using them in their context, and upcoming challenges during implementation. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Results The findings of the study revealed seven key themes: (1) the use of ICT for the education of children with ASD; (2) existing augmentative facilities for learning; (3) current patterns of use of ICT in education; (4) preferred areas of learning for ASD students; (5) integration of ICT into educational programs; (6) areas of interest outside the classroom; and (7) future opportunities and challenges in Rwanda. We found most of the study participants assumed that appropriate technology and related innovations might solve the challenges faced by learners with ASD in classrooms. Moreover, they thought that children with ASD more so enjoyed watching television, playing digital games, and drawing objects using gadgets than interacting with people or playing with other children. Conclusions The use of various low-cost technical devices can aid with teaching and the education of children with autism in Rwanda. However, this area requires further research to discover the impact ICT can have on the education of children with ASD, so this study may become a starting point for further research in the area.

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Genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University BIOSCIENCE Series ◽

10.32523/2616-7034-2020-131-2-15-22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

M.A. Sadvokasova ◽

◽

B.A. Azimkhanova ◽

А.А. Аripova ◽

A.Yu. Akparova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

The Impact

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global chronic disease of the respiratory system. The formation of pathological changes in the lungs is primarily associated with the impact of harmful chemicals of the tobacco smoke on the epithelium of the respiratory tract. In addition to the activation of key COPD processes, an important role in the development of the disease played by genetic determinants and disruption of epigenetic regulation, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA expression. The article discusses the genetic and epigenetic aspects of COPD as a heterogeneous disease with a complex pathogenesis.

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The Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Employee Negative Behavior Mediated by Work Stress

International Journal of Science, Technology & Management ◽

10.46729/ijstm.v2i1.162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 368-376

Author(s):

Valentina Happy Vanesa

Keyword(s):

Transformational Leadership ◽

Transactional Leadership ◽

Work Stress ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Negative Behavior ◽

Indirect Impact ◽

Transformational And Transactional Leadership ◽

The Impact ◽

Negative Behaviour

The objectives of this research was analyzed the effect of transactional leadership on work stress , the effect of transactional leadership on employee negative behavior, the effect transformational leadership on work stress, the effect of transformational leadership on employee negative behavior, and the effect of positively work stress on employee negative behavior. This research also analyzed the impact of transformational and transactional leadership on employee negative behaviour through work stress. The population of this study consist of two hundred employees PT. X Jakarta as the respondents provided the data that were analyzed for this study. Using the sub-set of the sampling consisting of was used to test five hypothesized relationship in the model. Data analysis in this research was used Structural Equation Model (SEM) to test independent variables influence the dependent variable. The result of this research conclude that there is positive impact from transactional leadership on work stress and negative impact from transformational leadership on work stress. The result of the study also revealed that theres in and positive indirect impact from transactional leadership on employee negative behaviour through work stress and negative indirect impact from transformational leadership on employee negative behaviour through work stress.

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