Effect of therapeutic and prophylactic complex DLK (Dironet, Lactobifadol, Forage Keratin) on the intestinal microbiocenosis of the Blue Frost fox at toxascariosis

The purpose of the research is determining the effect of the therapeutic and prophylactic complex of Dironet, Lactobifadol and fodder Keratin (DLK) on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora affected by toxascariosis in the Blue Frost fox.Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the Fur Breeding Farm “Vyatka”, Slobodskoy District, the Kirov Region. The study objects were 24 female Blue Frost foxes culled from the breeding herd. To determine the quality of the skins obtained from the experimental animals, we sorted flint-dried skins.Results and discussion. After the introduction of the therapeutic and preventive complex DLK into the diet of sick animals, the positive dynamics was observed in the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microorganisms. In animals of the experimental groups that were administered DLK, the number of bifidus bacteria, lactic bacteria and fecal enterococci increased; there was a significant decrease or complete absence of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, fusobacteria, streptococci, clostridia, typical lactose-negative and hemolytic Escherichia, aureus and saprophytic staphylococcus, common Proteus and fungi of the Candida genus. In animals infected by Toxascaris leonina that did not receive the complex therapy, a decrease in lactic acid bacteria and an increase in the content of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms were noted. Under the output of the fur production, the infected animals showed the lowest percentage of skins in terms of quality of 7.16%, which was 0.38% less in comparison with healthy foxes, and 0.51% less in comparison with treated Blue Frost foxes.

Some Approaches to the Therapy of Changes in Intestinal Microbiocenosis in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of complex therapy with the inclusion of the drug Saccharomyces boulardii in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and intestinal dysfunction. Material and methods. An open prospective comparative study of the effectiveness of complex therapy of intestinal dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was carried out. The study included two groups of 36 patients with NASH with symptoms of intestinal dysfunction, established intestinal dysbiosis, structural changes in the mucous membrane of the colon. Results and discussion. It was found that the complex therapy of intestinal dysfunction with the inclusion of the drug Saccharomyces boulardii against the background of NASH reduces the frequency of abdominal pain associated with the intestines, normalizes stool, reduces the degree of dysbiosis, promotes epithelialization of microerosions, and reduces the frequency of neutrophilic infiltration of the colon mucosa. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of complex therapy with the addition of Saccharomyces boulardii in patients with NASH and intestinal dysfunction

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TREATMENT REGIMENS FOR CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS IN INFANTS

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial intestinal infections with a high risk of severe course in childhood. The treatment of children with campylobacteriosis is complex and requires further study. Objective of the study: to study the clinical efficacy of various drug therapy regimens for campylobacteriosis and their effect on intestinal microbiocenosis in young children. Materials and methods of research: From 2018 to 2020 in the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, a comprehensive singlecenter prospective dynamic open observational study of 84 children aged 6 to 18 months with campylobacteriosis was carried out (41 boys, 43 girls, mean age 12,7±4,7 months). A comparison was made between patients who did not receive an antibacterial drug (n=30), received azithromycin (n=30), and received several antibacterial agents (n=24). Clinical and laboratory parameters and indices of the intestinal microbiocenosis composition were assessed by real-time PCR. Results: antibacterial drugs of the macrolide group are most effective in the etiotropic therapy of severe and moderate forms of campylobacteriosis in infants. The appointment of antibacterial drugs of the cephalosporin group for campylobacteriosis leads to a slowdown in the recovery process (an increase in the duration of diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain), accompanied by significant damage to the intestinal microbiocenosis (a decrease in the symbiotic Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.). The combination of these factors predisposes to more frequent re-isolation of the pathogen observed in this group of patients. For children who are on mixed or artificial feeding, the inclusion of nutritional mixtures with probiotics in the complex of therapeutic measures has a pronounced therapeutic effect and can be used as one of the main means of rehabilitation of campylobacteriosis convalescents.

Assessment of the state of intestinal microbiocenosis based on bacterial endotoxin and plasmalogen in elderly persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus pathology

The concentration of bacterial plasmalogen 18a and endotoxin in the blood of elderly people 45-90 years old with the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) - the main group and without diabetes mellitus - the comparison group was investigated. The concentration of both plasmalogen 18a and endotoxin in the blood of individuals with DM 2 pathology is statistically significantly higher than in the blood of individuals without DM 2 pathology. To assess the state of microbiocenosis and predict type 2 diabetes mellitus, decisive rules have been determined in the form of threshold values of plasma concentrations 18a and endotoxin in the blood of elderly people with a suspected or established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Using ROC analysis, it was found that values above 20.66 μg / ml for plasmalogen 18a, and 0.48 nmol / ml for endotoxin, determine the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus pathology in the 45-90 age group.

Intestinal Microbiocenosis Disorders Correction With Intestinal Lavage in Patients With Acute Poisoning

Background. In acute poisoning, accompanied by a violation of microbiocenosis, the problem of its correction has not been studied enough.Aim of study. Evaluate the possibility of correcting violations of microbiocenosis using intestinal lavage in cases of poisoning with psychopharmacological preparations and cauterizing substances.Material and methods. 50 male (76.4%) and female (23.6%) patients aged 42 (36; 52) years with psychopharmacological drugs and cauterizing substances poisoning were examined, the composition of the fecal microflora was studied. A total of 100 studies of up to 10 species of microorganisms were conducted. In order to correct violations of the species composition of microbiocenosis, 30 patients underwent intestinal lavage. The comparison group included 20 patients who did not use intestinal lavage.Results. In patients with these poisonings, violations of the specific microbial composition of feces were detected. Intestinal lavage, in contrast to standard therapy, had a corrective effect on fecal microbiocenosis.Conclusion. With the help of intestinal lavage, it is possible to correct violations of microbiocenosis in acute poisoning in a short time.

Gastrointestinal symptoms in SARS-CoV‑2 infected: emphasis on increased mucosal permeability

The article presents data on the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID‑19, the mechanisms of its development, the impact on the course of the disease and the tactics of drug therapy. It is noted that the persistence of the SARS-CoV‑2 virus in the intestine may be responsible for an increase in the duration of the disease and the development of multi-organ lesions, since the intestine, on the one hand, is the site of penetration and replication of the SARS-CoV‑2 virus, and on the other, is a potential source of virus spread due to increased intestinal permeability against the background of infection and disturbed microbiocenosis. Based on this, it seems pathogenetically justified to use drugs in the complex therapy of patients that contribute to the normalization of intestinal microbiocenosis and intestinal permeability.

Intestinal Microbial-tissue Complex and Chronic Heart Failure (part 1): Pathogenesis

Antigenic and metabolic integration of the intestinal microbiota into the homeostasis of the human body is a factor that claims to play a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. It acquires special significance against the background of the decrease in blood circulation and congestion in the digestive system during chronic heart failure. Aim of the review is analysis and synthesis of studies results on the role of intestinal microbiocenosis in the pathogenesis of heart remodeling and chronic heart failure. The search for articles was conducted in databases eLIBRARY.RU and Medline for the key terms "gut microbiota (microbiome, microbiocenosis)", "dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis)", "excessive bacterial growth syndrome", "lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)", "trimethylamine-N-oxide" in combination with the terms "heart failure", "myocardial remodeling", "myocardium" in Russian and English, respectively. We selected articles containing the results of clinical and experimental studies published from 1995 to 2020. Review articles were considered only on the subject of the cited original publications. Most researchers have established the relationship between chronic heart failure and dysfunction and changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microbiocenosis. As negative changes, it is customary to note the proliferation of gram-negative opportunistic bacteria with concomitant endotoxinemia and a decrease in the pool of commensal microbiota. The available data suggest that the participation of the intestinal microbial-tissue complex in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure and heart remodeling is realized through the activation of a local and then systemic inflammatory response, accompanied by cardiodepressive action of pro-inflammatory cytokines and universal proliferation factors, an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, the initiation of apoptosis, fibrosis, and loss of contractile myocardium. Besides, a decrease in the production of short-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins by the commensal microbiota may be associated with changes in the electrical properties of cardiomyocyte membranes, a decrease in the systolic function of the left ventricle of the heart, and an increase in the risk of sudden cardiac death. It's also shown that the direct cardiotoxic effect of microbial molecules (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, trimethylamine-N-oxide, etc.), which interact with the receptors of cardiomyocytes and microenvironment cells, can cause the development of myocardial remodeling and its dysfunction. Recent studies have established mechanisms of myocardial remodeling mediated by microbial molecules, which may be associated with new strategies for the treatment and prevention of heart failure.

FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH DISORDERS OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOCENOSIS

Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства достаточно часто встречаются у детей раннего возраста. Такие клинические симптомы, как срыгивания, метеоризм, кишечные колики, запоры, диарея возникают, как правило, при отсутствии органических изменений со стороны ЖКТ и нередко сопровождаются нарушением микрофлоры кишечника. Проведение селективной деконтаминации для подавления роста условно-патогенных микроорганизмов и нормализация микробиоценоза с помощью комбинированных синбиотиков является целесообразной и приводит к уменьшению выраженности/купированию клинических симптомов. Functional gastrointestinal disorders are quite common in young children. Clinical symptoms such as regurgitation, flatulence, intestinal colic, constipation, diarrhea occur, as a rule, in the absence of organic changes in the gastrointestinal tract and are often accompanied by a violation of the intestinal microflora. Selective decontamination with a choice of drugs to suppress the growth of opportunistic microorganisms and normalization of microbiocenosis using synbiotics is advisable and leads to a decrease in the severity or disappearance of clinical symptoms.

Cytokine profile in women with threatened miscarriage and intestinal dysbiosis

Hypothesis/Aims of study: Systemic endotoxinemia resulting from intestinal dysbiosis activates the Th1 immune response and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can cause abortion. This study was aimed at assessing interleukin levels in women with the threat of miscarriage and exploring their dependence on intestinal microbiocenosis and the level of endotoxinemia. Study design, materials and methods: The study involved 87 women aged 18 to 43 years in pregnancy from six to 22 weeks. The main group consisted of 50 women with a threatened miscarriage. The control group included 37 women with normal pregnancy. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of intestinal microbiocenosis was performed by real-time PCR, with endotoxin and interleukin levels evaluated using conventional methods. Results: In patients of the main group, intestinal dysbiosis of grade I was detected in 30 % (n = 15), of grade II in 46 % (n = 23), and of grade III in 24 % (n = 12) of cases. In the control group, intestinal microflora disorders corresponded to grade I dysbiosis in 67.6 % (n = 25) and grade II dysbiosis in 32.4 % (n = 12) of cases, there being no cases of severe dysbiosis revealed. The level of endotoxin in pregnant women of the main group was 0.57 0.02 nmol / ml and was classified as increased. The endotoxin level in the blood serum of pregnant women of the control group was 0.34 0.02 nmol / ml and was characterized as low (p 0.001). A strong correlation was found (r = 0.8, p 0.001) between the grade of intestinal dysbiosis and the level of endotoxinemia. The cytokine profile in patients of the main group was characterized by increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 4.9 1.6 pg / ml, IL-6 4.8 1.5 pg / ml) and a decreased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10 18.0 4.5 pg / ml), when compared to the control group (IL-1 1.8 0.2 pg / ml, IL-6 2.1 0.2 pg / ml, IL-10 30.3 4.4 pg/ml). There were a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between the level of endotoxinemia and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a weak negative correlation between the endotoxin level and the concentration of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Conclusion: Endotoxinemia, which occurs as a result of intestinal microflora dysbiosis and activates pro-inflammatory pathways, can really be as a triggering factor in the pathogenesis of miscarriage in pregnant women.