Die Personifikation technischer Objekte oder ihrer Teile als Mittel zur Sicherung der Verständlichkeit in der wissenschaftsjournalistischen Autoberichterstattung

Fachsprache ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Gisela Thome
Keyword(s):  
Mental Processes ◽  
Lay People ◽  
New Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Consciously focusing on the subject of the text by personifying it or its constituent parts is an especially impressive means of making technical facts accessible to professional lay people. In applying this technique, authors of scientific-journalistic reporting on private cars are guided by current findings in comprehensibility research. According to this approach, understanding is the result of complex social and mental processes occurring between participants in communication in which new information contained in the text combines with the knowledge stored cognitively within the individual. Thus, consistently attributing human qualities to cars of different types, as a form of latently effective metaphor, prompts readers to establish analogies between the properties of the car in question and the personal qualities and experience they are familiar with, rendering in this way the behaviour, appearance and functioning of technical objects more understandable. This knowledge can be applied to designing e.g. attractive German advertising texts and translating into German, in an idiomatic manner, in order to reflect that language’s special preference for the presentation of personified technical and other inanimate elements.

scholarly journals THE YEARS OF ADOLESCENCE AND FORMATION OF PERSONALITY OF VASYL KUK – THE LAST CHIEF OF THE UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY (1913 – 1934)

2016 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
A. Koval
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
World View ◽  
The State ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Further Development

The article investigates the life and activity of the last Ukrainian Insurgent Army Chief – Vasyl Kuk during the formation of his personality. The main attention is focused on the study of the first stages of his life: childhood, youth and education in Zolochiv high school and university in Lublin, his joining to the Ukrainian liberation movement and its participation in the first action against the Polish authorities on Ukrainian territory. The article analyzes the historiography of the subject and the state of the source base. Separately study focuses on Vasyl Kuk`s family. Is traced family roots, social and national origin of parents; described their world view and personal qualities that they have given to their children. Investigated the fate of some close relatives that could play a role in the further development of the individual. The author analyzes the formation of his views, personal ideological and political visions in specific historical circumstances and periods. In general, the article studied the major milestones and aspects of the formation and development of personality Vasyl Kuk in his teenage years.

scholarly journals The Stable Instability of People with Borderline Personality Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Jaime Senabre
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping

If something characterizes the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is its diagnostic complexity, its comorbidity with other types of conditions and its high ignorance on the part of many health professionals, in general, and mental health, in particular. To understand the BPD, on many occasions, we are going to have to go back to childhood and early adolescence. In this review of the subject we will try to put some light on this type of psychopathology; a necessary light, not so much for the professional as for the hidden victim of this ailment, the great protagonist; not because of its stigma of illness, but because of its degree of vulnerability and widespread instability. We will try to outline a characteristic profile of the borderline personality based on the background and consequences of the individual. Also, we will glimpse some aspects such as comorbidity, which can make diagnosis difficult. We will distinguish the different types of BPD and give a few strokes on the Therapeutic approach, based on: self-observation, self-care, psychoeducation, intermediate evaluations, emotion management and coping techniques, written expression and psychoeducation have given the best results with this type of patients. At last, we emphasize the importance of self-care of the mental health professional.

scholarly journals The theory of thinking as a process: an experimental confirmation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Actions

The paper deals with the main provisions of the theory of thinking A.V. Brushlinsky, its development in modern psychology. Thinking in this theory is presented as a continuous process of human interaction with the object. Psychological content of thinking includes eight levels — from structural to subject. The cognitive plan of thinking is significantly expanded due to the allocation of not only forms (studied mainly by formal logic, epistemology), mental actions (operations), but also mental processes. The introduction of process components have been theoretically and experimentally substantiated. The paper presents experimental studies of changes in personal parameters (in particular, cognitive style) in the course of the thought process, the dynamics of intellectual conscious and unconscious components in solving problems by the subject, the influence of thinking on the intellect, the effects of critical thinking, etc. The main provisions of the «process» theory of thinking and the action of thought processes are included in the system of various contexts: the functioning of cognitive styles, the use of “subsensory” tips by the subject, the work of the individual with training programs in virtual reality ... It is shown that mental processes (thinking as a process) are interconnected and, as a rule, determine the functioning of mental operations (mental actions), lead to micro-changes in the personality plan of thinking, functioning components of intelligence, provide formation of new elements of thinking in the course of solving problems. The structure of psychological content of thinking from the perspective of subject-activity and systemic approaches in psychology, including 8 levels. It is shown that the theory of thinking as process of A.V. Brushlinsky provides reflection of the differentiated content of mental activity in which cognitive plan along with formal (level of forms) and operational (level of operations) it is expedient to allocate process components.

BRIDGING THE GAP FOR EFFECTIVE DISPERSANT DECISIONS THROUGH RISK COMMUNICATION

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet H. Kucklick ◽  
Ann Hayward Walker ◽  
Robert G. Pond ◽  
Ann Bostrom ◽  
Paul Fischbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
New Information ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Dispersant use has been the focus of many research studies over the last two decades. However, traditional research and communication efforts have been unable to successfully resolve decision-making concerns on the ecological effects and effectiveness of dispersant use. This paper describes an innovative project to address these concerns through the use of a theoretically based and empirically tested approach to effective risk communication development and evaluation. The study is founded on the premise that people's basic frames of reference, their previous knowledge on the subject, their set of values, and the format and structure of the new information will all contribute to their interpretation of the information. Only by taking these “mental models” into account can risk communication effectively supply people with the information they need to make informed, independent judgments. Using one-on-one interviews and written questionnaires, the individual perspectives of federal, state, and regional regulators and environmental and marine user groups were elicited relative to dispersant use and its risk. Their mental models were then compared to an expert decision model to identify topics to be addressed in issue papers.

scholarly journals Separation events in Tafi language and culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mercy Bobuafor
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Syntactic Properties

Separation events differ in lexicalisation patterns (Talmy 2000) and in argument realisation (Levin and Rappaport Hovav 2005) cross-linguistically. There are different types of separation events. “Cutting” and “breaking” events involve a non-reversible change in object integrity and have been systematically researched cross-linguistically in recent times (Guerssel et al 1985; Bohnemeyer 2008; Majid et al. 2008; Schaefer and Egbokhare 2012). In this paper, some of the generalisations that have been made concerning CUT and BREAK verbs are tested based on data from Tafi, a Ghana-Togo Mountain language. I investigate the morpho-syntactic properties of Tafi CUT and BREAK verbs in relation to a suggested generalisation by Guerssel et al. that BREAK verbs have a transitive/intransitive argument structure and participate in the causative/inchoative alternation; while CUT verbs are transitive and they are not expected to occur without their external argument. The types of events referred to by the CUT and BREAK verbs and the combinatorial capacity of the individual verbs are also explored. Based on an analysis of stimulus-elicitations and spontaneous language performances recorded in the field, I show that the Tafi verb bhui ‘cut’ can be used in an intransitive/resultative construction in which the theme, the internal argument, occurs as the subject. Drawing on the behaviour of bhui ‘cut’ I interrogate the explanations that have been offered in the literature with respect to such deviations from the generalisation. I argue that the verb argument alternation potential of a verb depends on the verb semantics as well as the type of (internal) argument it collocates with. Moreover, I explore the semantic interpretations of the verb when it combines with non-typical objects such as ‘water’. I show that such patterns and collocations such as ‘the water cut’ = ‘the water stopped running’, ‘cut a village’ = ‘establish a village’ are areal in nature (cf. Huttar et al. 2007).

EUTANÁSIA E O AUXÍLIO AO SUICÍDIO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A DESCRIMINALIZAÇÃO DO HOMICÍDIO PIEDOSO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (208) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Rodolfo de Holanda Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Religion And Medicine ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Determination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Historical Scenario

This article will carry out an analysis on the practice of Euthanasia, going through its etymology, historical scenario, principles involved, as well as its understanding in our legal system and social context. In addition, an analysis of a real case in Brazil and a comparison with other countries where the practice is legal is made. This article is mainly aimed at minimally elucidating the controversy surrounding the topic, which is still very stigmatized in our country, since it involves several principles not only of law, but of religion and medicine, making a comparison between them. For the realization of this article, bibliographic research had been carried out through articles, legal sites and news sites, using deductive methodology for its understanding and outcome. There is a great taboo on the subject in our country, given that it can have different types of understanding according to the individual determination of each one, with much debate still remaining so that, finally, sick patients have the right to put their lives the best way possible.

The Influence of Various Types of Reinforcement of the Concrete Pillars of Precast Walls with an Opening

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Ondřej Šimek ◽  
Miloš Zich ◽  
Miloslav Janda ◽  
Radim Nečas
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Precast Walls ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ultimate Limit

The subject of the article is a comparison of the precast reinforced concrete pillars with different types of reinforcement. These are the pillars simulating parts of walls that can, for example, form in the precast wall of residential buildings after an opening has been carved. The pillars are variously reinforced: from the simple reinforcement with wire mesh to the reinforcement with standard reinforcement bars. Behavior of the pillars, that have been subjected to two types of experiments in the past, is verified by software for non-linear analysis for concrete structures. Depending on the types of loading, the ultimate limit state, deformation and stress state of the individual pillars are studied.

Guided Vocational Choice

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 354-360
Author(s):  
Mary K. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Testing ◽  
Vocational Choice ◽  
Job Success ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Handicapped People ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Situational Assessment ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Visually Handicapped

Many visually handicapped people never have the opportunity to make an effective vocational choice either because their handicap is, or is thought to be, too limiting, or because they simply cannot picture themselves performing in different types of jobs. Informed vocational choice is not possible unless the individual and those who counsel him are aware of job alternatives as well as the individual's interests, abilities, and those personal qualities that affect job success. The information needed to make a guided vocational choice can be accumulated through an extensive history, vocational and psychological testing, and extended testing with work samples and situational assessment.

Point and planar defects in the iron sulfide compounds Fe1-xS

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Thao A. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Vacancy Ordering ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Beam Lattice

It is well known that the large deviations from stoichiometry in iron sulfide compounds, Fe1-xS (0≤x≤0.125), are accommodated by iron vacancies which order and form superstructures at low temperatures. Although the ordering of the iron vacancies has been well established, the modes of vacancy ordering, hence superstructures, as a function of composition and temperature are still the subject of much controversy. This investigation gives direct evidence from many-beam lattice images of Fe1-xS that the 4C superstructure transforms into the 3C superstructure (Fig. 1) rather than the MC phase as previously suggested. Also observed are an intrinsic stacking fault in the sulfur sublattice and two different types of vacancy-ordering antiphase boundaries. Evidence from selective area optical diffractograms suggests that these planar defects complicate the diffraction pattern greatly.

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

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