Ageing and the Family in Indonesia: An Exploration of the Effect of Elderly Care-Giving on Female Labor Supply

2009 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Magnani ◽  
Anu Rammohan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Elderly Household ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
The Impact

In developing countries, the absence of universal social safety nets frequently necessitates co-residence between older parents and adult children for the provision of elderly care. In this article we use the 2000 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 3) to distinguish between co-residence with and care-giving for the elderly and examine the impact of care-giving for elderly household members on the labor supply decisions of co-resident working-age adults. After controlling for the potential endogeneity of co-residing decisions and the selection bias arising from such endogeneity, our results suggest that care-giving reduces the margins of labor supply, both the intensive (working hours) and extensive (participation) margins. This effect is particularly strong in samples of female adults.

scholarly journals The dynamics of social care and employment in mid-life

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELIN GOMEZ-LEON ◽  
MARIA EVANDROU ◽  
JANE FALKINGHAM ◽  
ATHINA VLACHANTONI
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relationship between the provision of informal care to older parents/parents-in-law and the employment status of adult children in mid-life. The study analyses unique panel data for a cohort of individuals born in 1958 in Britain, focusing on respondents at risk of providing care (i.e. with at least one surviving parent/parent-in-law) and in employment at 50. Logistic regression is used to investigate the impact of caring at 50 and 55 on employment status at 55, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, the respondent's health status and their partner's employment status. Separate models examine (a) the likelihood of exiting the labour force versus continuing work, and (b) amongst those continuing in work, the likelihood of reducing hours of employment. Different types of care (personal, basic and instrumental support) are distinguished, along with hours of caring. The results highlight that providing care for more personal tasks, and for a higher number of hours, are associated with exiting employment for both men and women carers. In contrast, the negative impact of more intense care-giving on reducing working hours was significant only for men – suggesting that women may juggle intensive care commitments alongside work or leave work altogether. Facilitating women and men to combine paid work and parental care in mid-life will be increasingly important in the context of rising longevity.

Time for caring? Elderly care employees’ occupational activities in the cross draft between their work priorities, ‘must-do’s’ and meaningfulness

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Nilsson ◽  
Kerstin Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Care Coordination ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

An increasing number of older people in the population will bring new challenges for the society and care coordination. One of the most important questions in care coordination is the employees’ work performance. The overall aim of this study was to examine care employees’ experience of factors that rule how they allocate their time and tasks in the care work. The study was qualitative and consists of focus group interviews with 36 employees in elderly care in five Swedish municipalities. Much of the work that care employees perform is controlled by others in the municipality organised health care. The employees had a limited possibility to decide what should be given priority in their work. However, the employees who participated in the focus group interviews did not want to prioritise tasks and duties they felt were faulty or in direct conflict with their own convictions. When employees experienced that the assistance assessments were correct and helpful to the individual elderly patient this contributed to the employees’ priority and performance of the task. The formal and informal control systems caused the employees’ priority to be mainly quantitative and visible work tasks, rather than more qualitative tasks and care giving to the elderly. In the intention to organise good care coordination that fit each elderly patients’ need it is important that those who work closest to the patient to a greater extent are given the opportunity to make their voice heard in decisions of care planning and assistance assessments.

scholarly journals Population Ageing and Its Challenges: Filial Responsibilities for Elderly Parents in Lithuania

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Margarita Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

The paper addresses the questions of demographic ageing at the beginning of the 21st century and the attitudes about who should be responsible for the elderly care in Lithuania. The analysis of age structure changes revealed three ways of demographic ageing: ‘from below’ (the youngest part of the population is decreasing), ‘from above’ (the oldest part of the population is increasing), and decrease of the young working-age population. The analysis of ageing in Lithuania in the context of the EU revealed that Lithuania has moved from the group of the demographically youngest countries to the group of the oldest ones. This has happened in one decade and illustrates rapid ageing in Lithuania. Within such context, the question “Who should be responsible for the elderly care?” is of particular importance. Based on the second wave of the Generations and Gender Survey (conducted in 2009), the responses who should take care of the elderly are contradictory. The biggest part of respondents is in favour of the division of responsibilities for the elderly care between family and society. The same part of respondents considers this to be family responsibility. Meanwhile, financial support is mainly considered to be the responsibility of the society. The analysis of filial responsibilities for elderly parents revealed a high level of normative solidarity. Most respondents agree with the statement where the support type for elderly parents is not defined (i.e. that children should take responsibility for caring for their parents when parents are in need). When the types of support are defined, the respondents are also likely to agree (i.e. children ought to provide financial help for their parents when their parents are having financial difficulties; children should have their parents to live with them when parents can no longer look after themselves). Less agreement was found on the statement requiring the reorganisation of children’s lives in order to fulfil filial responsibilities (i.e. that children should adjust their working lives to the needs of their parents) and on the statement measuring gender division in care provision for elderly parents (i.e. when parents are in need, daughters should take more caring responsibility than sons). The differences in attitudes between children’s, parents’ and grandparents’ generations were not statistically significant. The logistic regressions revealed that significant predictors enhancing the chances of agreement on filial responsibilities are respondents’ gender, age, partnership and occupational statuses and type of residential area.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of vaccination rollout and NPIs lifting on COVID-19 transmission with VOC: a case study in Toronto, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Aruffo ◽  
Pei Yuan ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Evgenia Gatov ◽  
Iain Moyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Initial Strategy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background: Since December 2020, public health agencies have implemented a variety of vaccination strategies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, along with pre-existing Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs). Initial strategy focused on vaccinating the elderly to prevent hospitalizations and deaths. With vaccines becoming available to the broader population, we aimed to determine the optimal strategy to enable the safe lifting of NPIs while avoiding virus resurgence. Methods: We developed a compartmental deterministic SEIR model to simulate the lifting of NPIs under different vaccination rollout scenarios. Using case and vaccination data from Toronto, Canada between December 28, 2020 and May 19, 2021, we estimated transmission throughout past stages of NPI escalation/relaxation to compare the impact of lifting NPIs on different dates on cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, given varying degrees of vaccine coverages by 20-year age groups, accounting for waning immunity. Results: We found that, once coverage among the elderly is high enough (80% with at least one dose), the main age groups to target are 20-39 and 40-59 years, whereby first-dose coverage of at least 70% by mid-June 2021 is needed to minimize the possibility of resurgence if NPIs are to be lifted in the summer. While a resurgence was observed for every scenario of NPI lifting, we also found that under an optimistic vaccination coverage (70% by mid-June, postponing reopening from August 2021 to September 2021can reduce case counts and severe outcomes by roughly 80% by December 31, 2021. Conclusions: Our results suggest that focusing the vaccination strategy on the working-age population can curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, even with high vaccination coverage in adults, lifting NPIs to pre-pandemic levels is not advisable since a resurgence is expected to occur, especially with earlier reopening.

scholarly journals The Impact of Population Ageing and Labor Supply on Economic Growth - Analysis Based on Panel Autoregressive Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Changing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Auto Regression

AbstractPopulation Ageing will increase the proportion of the elderly in the population and affect the Labor supply, which will eventually have an effect on the economy. This paper first analyzes the impact of aging on labor supply and economic growth from the theoretical level. Population ageing argues will reduce the supply of labor and hamper economic growth. Then, based on the panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, this paper uses panel auto-regression Model. An empirical analysis of the interaction between population ageing and labor force is carried out by means of Impulse Response Diagram and variance decomposition. The study adds to evidence that ageing reduces the supply of labor and hence economic growth.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of headaches in an elderly population within the Life Rights Buildings of an elderly care facility in KwaZulu-Natal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keegan Craig Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Practitioner Education ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of selected headaches and their impact on the elderly residing within a particular elderly care facility in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Subjects: Elderly participants, aged 60 years and older, residing in a selected elderly care facility in KwaZulu-Natal. Methodology: Once the Institutional Research Ethics Committee (IREC) approved the study, The Association for the Aged (TAFTA) granted permission for the researcher to conduct the study in their life rights buildings. The researcher then administered the questionnaires to the elderly who met the inclusion criteria, on the same day that they had read and completed the information letter and informed consent. The researcher and the research assistant remained present to read the questions to any participants unable to read or who were no longer able to read and answer any questions the participants may have had throughout the process. A total of 123 informed consent forms and questionnaires were distributed and collected, a return rate of 72% (p<0.05). All completed questionnaires were analysed by only the researcher and the statistician. Results: In total, 123 questionnaires were utilised for statistical analysis. The results indicated that 45.5% (p=0.3) of the participants presented with headaches and of these participants, 64.3% had primary headaches, while 35.7% presented with suspected secondary headaches (p=0.03). Of the primary headaches, tension type headache (TTH) had the highest prevalence at 17.1%, with migraine at 7.3% and cluster headache at 2.4%. This is congruent with current literature indicating that TTH has the highest effect on the elderly population. Conclusion: This study is consistent with previous studies conducted on the prevalence of headaches in the elderly. This study has contributed to a greater understanding of headaches experienced by the elderly and the impact headaches have on their daily lives. Focus needs to be placed on satisfactory and effective healthcare, with patient and practitioner education alike to enhance the quality of life and the ability to function self-sufficiently as an elderly individual.

Potential Population Segments to Expand the Customer Base of Commercial Banks in the Context of Population Ageing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-86
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the process of reducing the population of working age and its effect on marketing strategy of commercial banks in Russia. The author first explores the process of the population ageing in Russia during the 20th and 21st century and provides information concerning the provision of banking services to different age segments. The analysis concludes with an examination of several population segments which should be of interest to commercial banks facing the population ageing. They include the elderly, children and the youth as well as the population of Russia’s small towns. The author’s analysis is based on foreign experience which proved successful while involving the population out of the working age in the use of banking services. The article could be of interest to the experts studying the impact of population ageing and marketers.

scholarly journals Does Air Pollution Decrease Labor Supply of the Rural Middle-Aged and Elderly?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2906
Author(s):  
Qiaolong Huang ◽  
Yu Yvette Zhang ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Manxiu Ning
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of air pollution on the labor supply of the middle-aged and elderly in rural China. The results suggest that exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 has detrimental effects on working hours of the middle-aged and elderly. We further demonstrate the heterogeneous effects of PM2.5 by income and geographic regions. In particular, people with vulnerable economic conditions are more likely than others to reduce their labor hours due to PM2.5 exposure. Moreover, higher PM2.5 levels affected people in Central and Northeastern China more significantly than those in other regions.

scholarly journals ‘I just felt as though I had to drop something’: the implications of care for female working elder carers’ working lives

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-898
Author(s):  
VIV BURR ◽  
HELEN COLLEY
Keyword(s):  
Elder Care ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Opportunities

AbstractThis paper explores the challenges that female elder carers in the United Kingdom face in combining paid work with elder care, and the implications of this care for their current and future working lives. In-depth interviews with 11 working women from a large organisation were conducted, and five of the women were re-interviewed after a period of one year to examine any changes in their situation. The interviews revealed the precarious nature of their daily schedules, which required constant effort to maintain, the intrusion of elder care into their working lives, and the impact it had upon their career development and future aspirations. The findings provide insight into the reasons why carers, especially women, are more likely to reduce their working hours, do not take advantage of training opportunities and retire early. The findings are discussed in relation to the expectation of an extended working age and gender equality.

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