scholarly journals Exposure to Video Display Terminals and Associated Neuromuscular Pain and Discomfort in Male and Female Undergraduate University Students

Author(s):  
Ghori Altaf ◽  
Wally Bartfay ◽  
Emma Bartfay ◽  
Otto Sanchez

This paper explores the gender differences with respect to potential negative physical effects associated with prolonged Video Display Terminal (VDT) use. In this cross-sectional survey, we distributed self- reported health questionnaire along with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to 278 University of Ontario students (95 males and 183 females, aged between 17-32 years) in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Results showed that female students suffered more pain/discomfort in the neck/shoulder/hand and wrist (64.1%) in comparison to males (45.7%). Location of pain was also different in female students when compared to male students. This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that female UOIT students experienced increased negative health effects on exposure to VDTs in comparison to male students. This study will help facilitate more targeted interventions towards millennials and assist them in reducing pain/discomfort they may experience when using devices with VDTs.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Luh Pitriyanti ◽  
Dewa Nyoman Wirawan ◽  
Komang Ayu Kartika Sari ◽  
Desak Putu Yuli Kurniati ◽  
I Made Kerta Duana ◽  
...  

AbstractBackground and purpose: Electronic cigarettes have been available globally since 2003 and first became for sale in Indonesia in 2010. Users tend to be predominately young people. The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion, characteristics and factors that influence the use of electronic cigarette among university students.Method: This research used a cross sectional survey with 351 undergraduate students from a variety of disciplines at Udayana University chosen by multistage sampling. In the first phase, 10 study programs were chosen randomly from 47 courses at Udayana University. The selection of respondents was influenced by the convenience of data collection, that is, questionnaire via the Survey Monkey application. Analysis with logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing electronic cigarette usage based on several variables.Results: The proportion of students who used tobacco cigarettes was 14.53%. Respondents who reported using electronic cigarettes numbered 61 (17.38%, 95%CI: 13.46%-21.3%), and 40.98% of them were still current smokers. As many as 88.52% of respondents who had ever used electronic cigarette are male students, and 11.48% female students. Students who had ever used electronic cigarettes in the campus area totaled 22 people (36.07%). The reasons provided for using electronic cigarettes included a desire to stop using tobacco cigarettes (29.51%), the fact that electronic cigarettes are considered safer (26.23%), are considered “cool” (22.95%), experimental reasons, and other (26.23%). Multivariate analysis showed that the variables found to be associated with the use of electronic cigarettes were gender (AOR=14.72; 95%CI: 4.34-49.87), a history of smoking tobacco cigarettes (AOR=42.16; 95%CI: 13.56-131.08), had a history of consuming alcoholic beverages (AOR=5.72; 95%CI: 2.04-16.04) as well as coming from a smoking household (AOR=3.87; 95%CI: 1.33 - 11.21).Conclusion: The proportion of students who have ever used electronic cigarettes was found to be higher than cigarette tobacco users. In addition, use was found to be greater among male students than in female students. Influencing factors associated with the use of electronic cigarettes are gender, a history of tobacco smoking, a history of consuming alcoholic beverages as well as coming from a smoking household. There is a need for prevention efforts including education and regulations to reduce the use of electronic cigarettes among students and the general public.


Author(s):  
Shinya Ito ◽  
Mie Sasaki ◽  
Satoko Okabe ◽  
Nobuhiro Konno ◽  
Aya Goto

Young women in their late teens and early 20s are at the highest risk for depression onset. The present study aimed to assess depressive symptoms among female college students in Fukushima. More specifically, it aimed to clarify factors predicting possible symptom profiles, with an emphasis on determining how nuclear radiation risks affect the reporting of depression symptoms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 310 female students at a college in the Fukushima prefecture, Japan, in December 2015, and 288 participants submitted valid questionnaires. In total, 222 (77.1%) participants lived in Fukushima at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. The measures included the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, the Fukushima Future Parents Attitude Measure, and risk perception of radiation health effects. A total of 46.5% of participants reported depressive symptoms. Path analysis revealed that higher radiation risk perceptions and reduced efficacy with reproduction related to a decline in self-esteem and self-efficacy, which was subsequently associated with increased depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of radiation education among children and young adults, both after a nuclear accident and during disaster preparation, particularly in the context of reproductive and mental health.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
Katayon Vakilian ◽  
Afsaneh Keramat

Background and Aims: Adolescence is a period of life in which high-risk behaviors, including sexual behaviors, put the adolescents at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS. This research aimed at studying the relationship between peers' perception of sexual behavior and adolescents' attitudes and self-efficacy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used a multi-stage method to examine 1500 subjects in the universities of Shahroud, Iran. The questionnaires were consisted of sexual abstinence attitude, abstinence self-efficacy and peer subjective norms. To ensure the confidentiality of information, the questionnaire was distributed among 1500 students in six universities anonymously, and students҆ field of study was not mentioned. The collected data was analyzed with descriptive (Mean, Percent) and inferential tests (independent t-test, chi2, and Spearman test) using SPSS 18 software. Results: The mean age of the females was 20.26±1.49, and that of males was 20.32±1.575. 59.3% of male students and 86.8% of female students had poor sexual abstinence to sex before marriage. Moreover, the sexual abstinence self-efficacy of 29% of male students and 13.1% of female students, regarding the sexual abstinence before marriage, was strong. Findings showed that the more one believes in his/her abilities in sexual abstinence, the more they believe that their friends will not be involved in sex Conclusion: It is required to provide the opportunities to learn and correct the socio-emotional skills required for physical and sexual health in relationships through social interactions with peers. In this context, the reproductive health programs need to be prioritized in the youth health programs and schools


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudious Chikozho ◽  
Emmanuel Sekyere ◽  
Akanganngang Joseph Asitik

While empowerment of the youth in Ghana could enable them to make a more meaningful contribution to the economy, a myriad of challenges faces the youth during their transition from school into the employment sector and limits the realisation of their full potential. As a result, the recent and significant increase in the size of the youth population in Ghana cannot justifiably be romanticised as an obvious stepping stone towards the realisation of a demographic dividend. In this study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were deployed to carry out a cross-sectional survey that enabled a detailed exploration of the main challenges and opportunities facing the youth in Ghana. Some of the options for enabling greater youth empowerment in the country were also identified. The study established that unemployment, skills limitations, lack of access to finance, and poorly coordinated institutional structures for implementing youth empowerment policies and programmes are major barriers to youth empowerment in Ghana. We conclude that there is a need for more targeted interventions that address these challenges and leverage any evident opportunities available for increased youth empowerment before Ghana can confidently expect to reap a demographic dividend.


Author(s):  
Paul Bigala

The study investigated gender differences in attitudes towards sexuality in the context of HIV/AIDS among undergraduate students. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,498 randomly selected students. The majority of the students interviewed were females at 53.9% (M= 20.24, SD=2.98) compared to 46.1% males (M=21.67, SD=3.35). More Males (16%) responded in the affirmative with regard to having more than one sexual partner than female students (10%). Also, more male students (32.7%) than female students (18.6%) indicated that using condom reduces sexual pleasure and over 40% of both sets of respondents indicated that sexual intercourse should only be done between married couples. This study underscores the need to strengthen HIV/AIDS programmes to include issues on sexuality and encourage undergraduate students to attend these programmes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 201-226
Author(s):  
Bhagabati Sedain

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of violence in our society. Intimate partner violence among Nepali female university students, in particular, has not yet been studied. Therefore, across-sectional survey was conducted among female students studying in bachelors and masters level at Padmakanya Campus using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 370 participants were randomly selected and data were collected from the 1 December 2013 to 30 January 2014. One-thirds of the respondents were married. Married participants reported about their violence experience perpetrated by their husbands. The prevalence of emotional violence 40% was higher than physical 33% and sexual violence 20%. Women with landownership, employed, members of community groups and those who were married to husbands with the higher level of education were less likely to experience physical violence. Women who did not own land (OR=2.92), unemployed (OR=1.21) were more likely to experience violence than those who owned land and were employed. Similarly, lower level of husband's education (OR=3.35) and unskilled jobs (OR=1.56) were associated with the higher occurrence of violence compared to their husbands having university level of education and government job or working abroad. Prevalence of IPV is common among educated girls. Efforts to reduce IPV should give priority for educated women in Nepal.


1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedanta Roy ◽  
Indrajit Banerjee ◽  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Monami Mondal ◽  
Sai Sailesh Kumar ◽  
...  

Background Career choice of medical students plays a vital role for health care system of a country. It also plays a crucial role to bring medical specialties into mainstream focus. Materials and Method A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study has been performed at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, during the period of 1st May to 31st August–2011. A self reported questionnaire was given to the undergraduate medical students of Basic sciences. Questionnaire included career choices, nature of career, reason for choice, and education level and occupation in their parents. Results Data was collected from 269 medical students, among them 145 males and 124 female students participated in the study. The mean age of Indian (85, 31.6%), Nepalese (110, 40.9%) and Sri Lankan (74, 27.5%) students were 18.3 ± SD 0.7, 18.6 ± SD 0.8 and 18.0 ± SD 1.5 years respectively. Education and Occupation of parents seems to influence the determination of career choice in case of Medical students (p<0.01). Females have 2.19 times preference of choosing Medicine and 0.22 times Surgery compared to males (p<0.01). In case of Nepali male students, Surgery (60.3%) was the most preferred Postgraduate subject followed by medicine (20.6%) and in female students, medicine (44.7%) and OBG (31.9%). But in case of Indian male students 58.0% & 31.4% female students want to choose surgery as their career. 53.1% of the Sri-Lankan male students want to choose medicine as their post graduation and apart from these 50% of the female students also, which is followed by surgery 46.9% (male) and 21.4% (female) respectively. Conclusion Our study supports that Post-graduation in clinical specialties is always preferred over Basic sciences due to more interaction with patients and the practical aspects of medical profession. The relatively less popularity of some streams may show long-term impact on the health of health system of Nepal. Medical Universities have to modify their academic intervention activities to improve the basic science teaching learning programme in Nepal to turn around the deficiency of post graduates in this stream.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i4.5754 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1(4):126-134


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Imam Shahlla ◽  
Iffat Wajiha ◽  
Shakeel Sadia ◽  
Qamar Ambreen ◽  
Usman Najaf ◽  
...  

SCITECH Nepal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Madan Raj Chapagain

The factors affecting the project-based learning intention (PjBLI) of engineering students have been studied using theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Descriptive study was carried out utilizing quantitative technique. Primary data were collected through cross sectional survey, utilizing seven point Likert  scaled  questionnaire. The respondents were final year students of Nepal Engineering College. Statistical tool (SPSS) was used for analysis. The result shows that the levels of both the PjBLI and the attitude of students (ATTI) towards project-based learning (PjBL) are high followed by the level of perceived behavioural control (BC). However, the level of subjective norm (SN) is relatively lower. There are no significant differences in PjBLI, ATTI, SN and BC among students from different departments. However the BC (perception of self efficacy or capability) of female students is higher than that of male students. Regression analysis shows that 42.2 and 19.3 percentages of PjBLI are affected by SN and ATTI respectively. The study concludes that additional effort is essential to improve SN (support from project supervisor; department and colleague) which in turn helps to improve PjBLI of students and their performance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1112) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Thomas Wallbridge ◽  
Angela Holden ◽  
Aled Picton ◽  
Janesh Gupta

IntroductionMedical graduates should be competent in gynaecological examination as well as associated skills including speculum use and swabbing. Male and female medical students may have different opportunities to practise these skills in clinical environments, potentially impacting on confidence and competence. This study explores this further via reviewing students’ learning experience in genitourinary medicine (GUM) and obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) clinics.MethodsCross-sectional study of 759 year 4 and year 5 University of Birmingham medical students via an online questionnaire. This explored degree of participation, impact of gender and self-reported confidence.ResultsOverall response rate was 31% (233/759). Students of either gender who observed an examination being performed by a clinician were more likely to perform the same examination. Female students reported more opportunities to practise gynaecological examination and associated skills. Female students were more likely to be granted consent to perform speculum examinations, vaginal swabbing and vaginal bimanual examinations. Sixty-five per cent of male students felt that their gender affected their learning experience with female patients. Despite this, there was no significant difference in self-reported confidence level in performing gynaecological examinations between genders at the end of placement.ConclusionThe majority of male students perceived that their gender impacted their clinical experience in O&G and GUM. Self-reported confidence levels were unaffected, which could reflect varying approaches to competence between genders. The link between observing examinations and subsequent opportunities to practise is key. This could demonstrate students developing rapport and trust with patients, and clinicians’ roles as gatekeepers.


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