Ruminal capacity, and digesta weight and retention time in the different segment of primiparous Holstein dairy cows in early lactation at ad libitum feeding

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate experimentally the effects of restricted or ad libitum feeding in the far-off period on performance of dairy cows. Two groups of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows having 19 animals in each group were allotted to two planes of nutrition in the far-off period from -56 to -22 days. The ADLIB group was fed ad libitum (DMI 12.9 kg) while in the RES group the dry matter intake was restricted by 3 kg DM compared to the average dry matter during the last 7 days in the ADLIB group. Average daily energy intake decreased from 8.90 UFL in the ADLIB to 6.83 UFL in the RES group. In the close-up period and after parturition, the cows of both groups were given the same diet. In restrictively fed cows, there was a tendency to a greater decrease in BCS during both the dry period (P=0.09) and lactation (P=0.07). After parturition milk production, fertility indices and blood concentration of IGF-1, insulin and glucose were not significantly affected by the far-off treatment. In the RES group, lower BHBA 3 days before calving and on day 5 of lactation and lower NEFA on day 28 of lactation were recorded. Also in this group higher levels of glucose 3 days before calving, triiodothyronine (T3) on days -30 and 5, and thyroxine (T4) on days -3 and 28 were observed. It is concluded that restricted feeding in the far-off period positively affected blood indicators of lipomobilization during the transition period, but had little effect on performance of lactating cows. In spite of low energy, high-fibre diet offered ad libitum in the faroff period resulted in the energy overfeeding compared to the INRA system recommendation.

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Influence of Different Levels of Dietary Energy on Performance of Double Suckled Cows and Calves

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600016123 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1986 ◽

pp. 106-106

Author(s):

M.A.S. Khan ◽

J.H. Topps ◽

P.J. Broadbent

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Good Condition ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Free Access ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Concentrate Mixture ◽

Soyabean Meal ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Different Levels

The winter feeding of beef cows represents a high, proportion of the costs of calf production. Attempts to minimise cost include the use of beef (♂) x dairy cows (♀) which have the ability to suckle two calves and to mobilise body reserves during periods of underfeeding in early lactation. Khan and Topps (1985) observed that cows in good condition at calving could maintain milk production and raise two good calves when given 110 MJ ME/day in a diet which included a source of undegradable protein. Subsequently a preliminary experiment was carried out with three single suckled and nine double suckled cows to examine the effect of energy level on the performance of cows and calves.Three single suckled cows and nine double suckled cows i.e. six with a natural plus foster calf and three with twin calves produced by embryo transfer were used in this experiment. The levels of energy that were examined were 70 or 90, 80 or 100 and 90 or 110 MJ ME/day for single and double-suckled cows respectively, supplied in diets containing ammonia treated straw, barley and fishmeal. Nine of the cows were placed into trios according to calving date and age, with a trio consisting of a cow with a natural calf, a cow with a natural and foster calf, and a cow with twin calves. Each trio was allocated at random to one of the three levels of energy. Similarly, the remaining three cows with a natural and foster calf were allocated at random to 90, 100 or 110 MJ ME/day. The calves were given good quality hay ad libitum and free access to a concentrate mixture up to a maximum intake of 2 kg/head/day. The concentrate mixture consisted of (g/kg) 800 barley, 150 soyabean meal and 50 molassine meal. The experiment started on the 22nd day of lactation and was of 20 weeks duration for most of the cows.

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Effects of replacing barley/soya with malt distillers grains (draff) in silage based complete diets for dairy cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600010576 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 ◽

pp. 64-64

Author(s):

J J Hyslop ◽

D J Roberts

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Previous Experiment ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Design Experiment ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Friesian Cows

In a previous experiment outlined at last year's conference (Hyslop and Roberts, 1988), it was demonstrated that replacement of a proprietary pelleted concentrate with malt distillers grains (draff), should be limited to 15% of total dry matter intake (DMI) when draff is offered in two feeds per day. However there is little evidence to validate such a limitation when draff is used as a concentrate replacement in complete diets. This experiment examined the effect of replacing barley/soya with draff plus additional minerals in silage based complete diets.In a cyclic changeover design experiment consisting of 4 three week periods, fifteen British Friesian cows in early lactation were offered five treatments. Cows were given ad libitum access to one of five complete diets based on grass silage (69 “D”). Draff plus additional minerals gradually replaced barley/soya at increasing rates in diets 0-4 respectively.

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Genome-wide association for metabolic clusters in early-lactation Holstein dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2019-17369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (7) ◽

pp. 6392-6406

Author(s):

H. Atashi ◽

M. Salavati ◽

J. De Koster ◽

M.A. Crowe ◽

G. Opsomer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

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Changes in nitrogen balance of dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation following different dry period diets

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200595350 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 ◽

pp. 94-94

Author(s):

J.M. Moorby ◽

S. Miles ◽

R.T. Evans ◽

W.J. Fisher ◽

D.W.R. Davies

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

High Protein ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Dry Period ◽

Body Protein ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Low Protein ◽

Ad Libitum

Increases in yields of milk and milk protein have been observed from dairy cows offered a high protein supplement during the dry period (Van Saun, Idleman and Sniffen, 1993; Moorby, Dewhurst and Marsden, 1996). One possible mechanism for this is an accumulation of maternal body protein during late pregnancy and its later release during lactation. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of diet on the potential of dairy cows to accumulate and release body nitrogen over the course of the dry period and the first 20 weeks of lactation.Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered one of three diets for 6 weeks prior to calving, with 4 animals per diet, in an continuous design experiment. Animals were offered ad libitum access to A) grass silage only (medium protein), B) a grass silage/barley straw mix (60:40 on a dry matter basis) (low protein), or C) grass silage plus 0.5 kg/d high protein maize gluten meal (high protein). After calving, all animals were offered a standard lactation diet based on ad libitum grass silage plus 10 kg/d concentrate to week 12 of lactation, with 7 kg/d thereafter. Animals were housed in individual stalls for 6 d N-balance procedures on three separate occasions in two groups of six animals: during the dry period (at approximately 3 to 4 weeks before calving), early-lactation (weeks 7 to 8 after calving) and mid-lactation (weeks 17 to 18).

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The digestion of chopped and ground roughages by sheep. I. Movement of digesta through the stomach

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9670789 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 789 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

RH Weston ◽

JP Hogan

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Intake ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

Digestion studies were conducted with lucerne hay and wheaten hay prepared for feeding either by chopping or by grinding and pelleting. The sheep were offered food every 3 hr. The rates of flow of water and the rumen volumes were measured by reference to a water-soluble marker. The replacement of a diet of chopped roughage by an equal amount of ground roughage caused a decline in the rate of flow of water from the rumen. With wheaten hay this decreased flow was accompanied by a decline in rumen volume, the retention time of the marker in the rumen remaining constant; with lucerne hay the rumen volume remained constant and the retention time of the marker increased. When the quantity of ground roughage feed was increased, rates of flow from the rumen and abomasum were enhanced and marker retention time in the rumen decreased. Under conditions of ad libitum feeding, the sheep consumed 75% more chopped lucerne hay than chopped wheaten hay; grinding was accompanied by an increase of 50% in the consumption of each hay. When levels of feeding were approximately 90% of the ad libitum intake, it was found that: (i) the rate of flow from the rumen appeared to be independent of diet and method of preparation of the feed; (ii) the rate of flow from the abomasum was higher with the ground roughage; (iii) rumen volume with ground lucerne hay was higher than with chopped lucerne hay or ground wheaten hay; it was also higher with chopped wheaten hay as compared with ground wheaten hay. Sheep spent less time ruminating and eating when the roughages were ground. The amount of metabolizable energy available for production from 1000 g of ground lucerne hay was 950 kcal; it was calculated that this would have declined by 9% if the sheep ruminated for the same time on this ground hay as on the chopped hay.

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Whole-body fluxes and partitioning of amino acids to the mammary gland of cows fed fresh pasture at two levels of intake during early lactation

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2003886 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 271-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Pacheco ◽

M.H. Tavendale ◽

G. W. Reynolds ◽

T. N. Barry ◽

J. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Whole Body ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Isoleucine Leucine ◽

Ad Libitum

The utilisation of essential amino acids (EAA) by the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows fed fresh forages was studied to provide basic information useful in designing strategies to increase the production of milk protein from pasture-fed dairy cows. The relationship between the flux of EAA in the whole body and their uptake by the mammary gland was determined in four cows in early lactation (length of time in milk 44 (SD 14·5) d) producing 21 (SD 4·0) kg milk/d. The cows were maintained in metabolism stalls and fed fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) pasturead libitumor restricted to 75 %ad libitumintake. The whole-body fluxes of amino acids (AA) were measured using an arterio-venous infusion of universally13C-labelled AA. Whole-body fluxes of fourteen AA were estimated. Isotope dilution indicated that mammary utilisation accounted for one-third of the whole-body flux of EAA, with individual AA ranging between 17 and 35 %. Isoleucine, leucine, valine and lysine were the EAA with the greatest partitioning towards the mammary gland (up to 36 % of the whole-body flux), which could reflect a potentially limiting effect on milk protein synthesis. In the case of AA with low partitioning to the mammary gland (for example, histidine), it is suggested that non-mammary tissues may have priority over the mammary gland and therefore the supply of this AA may also limit milk protein synthesis.

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