scholarly journals Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) control by plant products in cowpea grains under storage: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muhammad ◽  
A. K. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Better Than

The present review focuses on some major researches dealing with controlling Cowpea seed bruchid (CSB) due to Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Bruchidae] by using some plant products. The objective of this review is to look in to the successes of the use of plant materials in the management of CSB especially in the tropics where bulk of the crop is cultivated and consumed. The review of available literature showed that, plants such as Neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss; Garlic, Allium sativum (L.); West African pepper, Piper guineense Schumach; drum stick, Moringa oleifera Lam; African Basil, Ocimum gratissimum (L.); Moss plant; Barbula indica and Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook has been used in CSB control. Available literatures showed that garlic, chilies and peppermint applied at the rate of 0.035–0.55g significantly (p≤0.05) reduced oviposition, respectively compared to the control. Similarly, powdered flowers of M. oleifera applied at the rate of 0.5 g per 30 g of seeds caused mortality of CSB better than the control 8 hours after infestation. The use of C. anisata and Permethrin showed percentage mortality of cowpea bruchids was high using Permethrin but was not significantly (p≥0.05) better than Clausena leaf powder. Groundnut oil applied at ˂ 4mls kg-1 does not affect germination process of cowpea stored for up to 12 weeks. However, increasing rate of application decreases germination. The review clearly indicated that plant products have potentials of controlling CSB in stored cowpea as they are safe and free from residue. They are hereby encouraged.

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Fungal Colonization of Stored Peanut Kernels with Products from Some Medicinal/Culinary Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Awuah
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Abstract Products from five medicinal/culinary plants—Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel oil, Cymbopogon nardus leaf oil, Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder, Xylopia aethiopica fruit powder, and Syzigium aromaticum clove powder—were tested for activity against fungal colonization of stored peanut. The natural microflora of kernels were supplemented with a norsolorinic acid (NOR) mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus before treatment with the various plant products. Treated kernels were stored at 5.7% moisture content in mini-polyethylene bags for 11 mo. Of the five plant products, the Syzigium clove powder proved to be most efficacious. After 4 mo storage, a low colony-forming unit (CFU) value of 0.601 log units of NOR A. parasiticus was recorded per gram of kernels treated with the powder. Significantly higher CFU values (P ≤ 0.05) were associated with kernels that received no plant product (3.099 log units) and kernels treated with the other plant products(1.459–2.930 log units). CFU of total fungi, superficial fungal growth, internal kernel discoloration, and fungal growth/sporulation on the internal surfaces of the cotyledons also were suppressed by the Syzigium powder after 11 mo. The Citrus oil and the Ocimum leaf powder were moderately effective, being similar to each other in several storage parameters. The Cymbopogon leaf oil was the least effective of the plant materials tested. In a test tube experiment, the Syzigium and Ocimum powders were more efficacious when mixed with stored peanut kernels than when separated from kernels with a piece of mosquito-proof screen. The optimum rates of the two powders for preventing superficial fungal growth on kernels at 8% moisture in mini-polyethylene bags at 28 C were 150 and 100 g/kg of kernels, respectively, for Syzigium and Ocimum. At these rates, 93 and 56% of kernels treated with the Syzigium and Ocimum powders, respectively, were free from superficial fungal growth after 4 mo. These results point to the potential of the two powders, especially Syzigium, for preventing mold growth and possibly aflatoxin production in stored peanut.

scholarly journals Effect of Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) leaf extract on cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus [Fabricius, 1775], Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Samuel Femi BABATUNDE ◽  
Abdulrasak Kannike MUSA
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Blue Gum

<div class="WordSection1"><p>A laboratory study was carried out to examine the efficacy of solvent extract of <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> leaves in reducing post-harvest losses caused by cowpea weevil<em> </em>(<em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em>) on cowpea seed variety RSH 256. 450 g of <em>E. globulus </em>leaf powder were put in 1000 ml flask and 450 ml of n-hexane was used as the solvent. The extract was tested at dosages of 50, 100 and 150 µl 50 g<sup>-1</sup> of cowpea grains on the weevil in stored cowpea. The different rates of treatment recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in causing adult mortality compared to the untreated control. The different rates of treatment also recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in emergence of F1 adults of each treatment compared to the control. The percentage masst loss and grain damage were also suppressed as a result of treatment with the plant material compared to the untreated control. However, among the treatments 150 µl 150 g<sup>-1</sup> cowpea recorded the highest adult mortality rate and lowest emergence while control had the lowest mortality rate and the highest emergence of the insect. The rates of application were indicative of bioactive characteristics of the plant extract.<strong></strong></p></div>

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PIPER GUINEENSE (SCHUMACH AND THONN) SEED OIL AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN STORED COWPEA SEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Chukwunonso O. Nzelu ◽  
Kingsley C. Emeasor ◽  
Nnaemeka J. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Cowpea Seed

Post-harvest losses due to insect pest infestation in storage constitute a challenge to sustainable food security and economic losses to farmers throughout the world. Use of synthetic chemicals have been the most effective means of reducing losses in storage. Unfortunately, these toxicants have adverse effects in humans and the environment. There is renewed search for safer plant products as alternatives. In this study, we assessed the potential use of Piper guineense seed oil in the control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) infestation on stored cowpea seeds. Adult mortality, oviposition rate, F1 progeny emergence, cowpea seed damage and seed germinability were the indices considered in the assessment under laboratory conditions. The setup of the experiment was completely randomized design (CRD). Statistical analysis of the data was by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Adult C. maculatus mortality was dose-dependent with higher dosages inducing 100% mortality. The number of eggs laid on the treated seeds were significantly (P<0.001) reduced. Progeny emergence and feeding damage were completely inhibited at higher dosages. The seed oil has no adverse effect on cowpea seed viability. The results indicated that P. guineense seed oil has protectant potential against insect pest damage in storage and a good alternative to synthetic insecticides in the control of insect pest of stored products.

Variasi Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) pada Pembuatan Flakes Ditinjau dari Sifat Fisik, Sifat Organoleptik dan Kadar Kalsium

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Frieda Rosita Majid ◽  
Nur Hidayat ◽  
Waluyo Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristic ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Background:Moringa (Moringaoleifera Lam.) Is a plant of high nutritional value, grows scattered in the tropics and sub-tropics, but utilization is still low. Each section has its benefits Moringa one part is the Moringa leaves contain a high calcium. In 100 grams of material, fresh Moringa leaves contain as much as 440 mg of calcium in the form of flour whereas if it contains as much as 2,003 mg of calcium. One of its use in the manufacture of flakes added. Objective: Know the difference physical harateristi, organoleptic characteristic and calcium levels in flakes variations addition of Moringa leaf powder. Methods: The study is a randomized experimental design with simple, includes four kinds of treatments, two replications with two experimental units. Observations of physical characteristic were analyzed by descriptive, the organoleptic characteristic of data analysis using statistical test Kruskal-Wallis continued Mann-Whitney and methods of test calcium content using permanganometri then the data were analyzed descriptive. Results: The physical characteristics of flakes greenish-yellow, slightly fragrant aroma typical of flakes, rather unpleasant taste typical of Moringa leaves and a slightly crunchy texture. Organoleptic characteristics the color of flakes with moringa leaf powder 5%, the aroma of the flakes without addition moringa leaf powder, the flavour of flakes with additions moringa leaf powder 5% and the texture of flakes with additions moringa leaf powder 7,5% most prefered panelist and high levels calcium of flakes with additions 10% moringa leaf powder. Conclusion: There is a difference variations addition of moringa leaf powder on physical, organoleptic characteristic (color) and the level of calcium flakes.Flakes with the addition of 5% moringa leaf powder is the most prefered panelist.   Keywords:Moringa Leaf Flour, Flakes, Physical characteristic, organoleptic, Calcium

scholarly journals Chance or Necessity—The Fungi Co−Occurring with Formica polyctena Ants

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Igor Siedlecki ◽  
Michał Gorczak ◽  
Alicja Okrasińska ◽  
Marta Wrzosek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formica Polyctena ◽  
Ant Nests ◽  
Mutualistic Fungi ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Better Than

Studies on carton nesting ants and domatia−dwelling ants have shown that ant–fungi interactions may be much more common and widespread than previously thought. Until now, studies focused predominantly on parasitic and mutualistic fungi–ant interactions occurring mostly in the tropics, neglecting less−obvious interactions involving the fungi common in ants’ surroundings in temperate climates. In our study, we characterized the mycobiota of the surroundings of Formica polyctena ants by identifying nearly 600 fungal colonies that were isolated externally from the bodies of F. polyctena workers. The ants were collected from mounds found in northern and central Poland. Isolated fungi were assigned to 20 genera via molecular identification (ITS rDNA barcoding). Among these, Penicillium strains were the most frequent, belonging to eight different taxonomic sections. Other common and widespread members of Eurotiales, such as Aspergillus spp., were isolated very rarely. In our study, we managed to characterize the genera of fungi commonly present on F. polyctena workers. Our results suggest that Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mucor, Schwanniomyces and Entomortierella are commonly present in F. polyctena surroundings. Additionally, the high diversity and high frequency of Penicillium colonies isolated from ants in this study suggest that representatives of this genus may be adapted to survive in ant nests environment better than the other fungal groups, or that they are preferentially sustained by the insects in nests.

scholarly journals Prospects of botanical pesticides in management of Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) under laboratory and field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Amaka Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Milicia Excelsa ◽  
Contact Effects

Abstract Background Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field. Results All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field. Conclusion The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Plant Materials for the Control of Flea Beetles Podagrica spp on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus L

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
S. Danjuma ◽  
I. Muhammed ◽  
G. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
African Locust Bean ◽  
Better Than

The efficacy of the Senegal prickly-ash Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) roots and the African locust bean tree Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) pod back was study for their efficacy in the control of okra pest, Podagrica spp. The study was carried out in the laboratory and on the field in the farming season of 2018. Z. zanthoxyloides roots were obtained from Jima-Doko forest and P. biglibosa fruit back from Takunpara. Both plant materials were air-dried under shade for 120 hours. Both plant parts were pounded separately in wooden mortar with the aid of wooden pestle until the materials turns to fine particles. Determined weight of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 grams were taken for each plant materials and soaked in water for 24 hours and stirred at intervals of an hour. The mixture were then sieved with a muslin cloth and filtered with Whatman filter paper to eliminate all finest particles of varying sizes. These concentrations were applied individually on 10 adults of Podagrica spp. in the laboratory. It was observed that the concentration of 200 – 300g performed better for both plant materials in the control of okra flea beetle. These resulted to the death of above 50% of the insect within 2 hours. These significant laboratory trials were then formulated and taken to the field. Both plant materials acted as anti-feedants and repellants against Podagrica spp. It was also revealed that Z. zanthoxyloides performed significantly (p<0.05) better than the P. biglibosa. Furthermore, short interval applications (<or=3days) of these plant materials could be a good  replacement for synthetic chemicals, hence bio-pesticides that could be adopted for organic agriculture.

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